Environmental Risk Assessment of antimicrobials applied in veterinary medicine-A field study and laboratory approach

Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology

Volumn 35, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 131-141

  Slana, Marko ^a   Dolenc, Marija Sollner ^b  

^a KRKA D D   (Slovenia)

^b UNIVERSITY OF LJUBLJANA   (Slovenia)

Author keywords

Antimicrobial compound degradation under environmental conditions; Antimicrobial compounds fate; Enrofloxacin oxytetracycline; Manure agricultural management; Physical and chemical properties; Veterinary pharmaceuticals

Indexed keywords

ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; ENROFLOXACIN; FLORFENICOL; GENTAMICIN; NEOMYCIN; OXYTETRACYCLINE; SULFADIAZINE; TIAMULIN; TYLOSIN; WATER;

ACUTE TOXICITY; AGRICULTURAL MANAGEMENT; BACTERIAL DEGRADATION; BIODEGRADATION; BIOREMEDIATION; CONCENTRATION (PARAMETERS); DRUG EXCRETION; DRUG HALF LIFE; DRUG METABOLISM; DRUG SOLUBILITY; ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR; ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT; FIELD STUDY; FUNGAL DEGRADATION; HYDROLYSIS; LABORATORY TEST; LIFE CYCLE; LIMIT OF QUANTITATION; MANURE; NONHUMAN; PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR; SALINITY; SLUDGE; SUN; VETERINARY MEDICINE;

ANIMALS; ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS; FLUOROQUINOLONES; MANURE; OXYTETRACYCLINE; RISK ASSESSMENT; VETERINARY DRUGS;

ANIMALIA; BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS);

EID: 84871753799     PISSN: 13826689     EISSN: 18727077     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2012.11.017     Document Type: Review

References (70)

1. Acceptable daily intakes for agricultural and veterinary chemicals (ADI list) Australian Government June 2011, The Office of Chemical Safety and Environmental Health Office of Health Protection, pp. 1-105.
2. Arikan O.A., et al. The fate and effect of oxytetracycline during the anaerobic digestion of manure from therapeutically treated calves. Process Biochem. 2006, 41:1637-1643.
3. Arikan O., et al. Minimally managed composting of beef manure at the pilot scale: effect of manure pile construction on pile temperature profiles and on the fate of oxytetracycline and chlortetracycline. Bioresour. Technol. 2009, 100(19):4447-4453.
4. Baran W., Sochacka J., Wardas W. Toxicity and biodegradability of sulfonamides and products of their photocatalytic degradation in aqueous solutions. Chemosphere 2006, 65:1295-1299.
5. Blackwell P.A., et al. Evaluation of a lower tier exposure assessment model for veterinary medicines. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2005, 53:2192-2201.
6. Boleas S., et al. Toxicity of the antimicrobial oxytetracycline to soil organisms in a multi-species-soil system (MS·3) and influence of manure co-addition. J. Hazard. Mater. 2005, 122:233-241.
7. Boxall A.B.A., et al. Review of veterinary medicines in the environment. R&D Technical Report P6-012/8/TR 2002, 1-251.
8. Boxall A.B.A., et al. Targeted Monitoring Study for Veterinary Medicines in the Environment 2004, Environmental Agency, Bristol, pp. 1-120.
9. Boxall A.B.A., et al. Uptake of veterinary medicines from soils into plants. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2005, 54(6):2288-2297.
10. Briggs G.G. A simple relationship between soil adsorption of organic chemicals and their octanol/water partition coefficients. Proceedings 7th British Insecticide and Fungicide Conference 1973, 83-86.
11. Chambers B., et al. Managing Livestock Manures 2001, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, pp. 1-14. 2nd ed.
12. Christensen A.M., Ingerslev F., Baun A. Ecotoxicity of mixtures of antibiotics used in aquacultures. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2006, 25(8):2208-2215.
13. De Liguoro M., et al. Use of oxytetracycline and tylosin in intensive calf farming: evaluation of transfer to manure and soil. Chemosphere 2003, 52:203-212.
14. Environmental Assessment Supplement to NADA 139-472 DENAGARD (tiamulin) Premixes, pp. 1-50.
15. Florfenicol (Extension to pigs) Summary Report (4), 1999. Committee for Veterinary Medicinal Products. EMEA/MRL/591/99-FINAL, pp. 1-4.
16. Food and Drug Administration. Department of Health and Human Services. 21 CFR Ch. I (4-1-10 ed.). Available from: http://edocket.access.gpo.gov/cfr_2010/aprqtr/pdf/21cfr556.225.pdf.
17. Gagliano G.G., McNamara F.T. Environmental Assessment for Enrofloxacin BAYTRIL 3 .23% Concentrate Antimicrobial Solution 1996, pp. 1-119.
18. Gentamicin Summary Report (3), 2001. Committee for Veterinary Medicinal Products. EMEA/MRL/803/01-FINAL, pp. 1-9.
19. Halling-Sorensen B., et al. Worst-case estimations of predicted environmental soil concentrations (PEC) of selected veterinary antibiotics and residues used in Danish agriculture. Pharmaceuticals in the Environment: Sources, Fate, Effects and Risks 2001, 2001:143-157. Springer, Germany.
20. Hu D., Coats J.R. Aerobic degradation and photolysis of tylosin in water and soil. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2007, 26(5):884-889.
21. Hu D., Henderson K.L.D., Coats J.R. Environmental fate and chemistry of a veterinary antibiotic - tylosin. ACS Symp. Ser. 2009, 1018:93-104.
22. Huijsmans J., et al. Costs of emission-reducing manure application. Bioresour. Technol. 2004, 93:11-19.
23. Isidori M., et al. Toxic and genotoxic evaluation of six antibiotics on non-target organisms. Sci. Total Environ. 2005, 346(1-3):87-98.
24. Jin C., et al. Eco-toxic effects of sulfadiazine sodium, sulfamonomethoxine sodium and enrofloxacin on wheat, Chinese cabbage and tomato. Ecotoxicology 2009, 18:878-885.
25. Jones A.D., et al. Factors influencing the sorption of oxytetracycline to soils. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2005, 24(4):761-770.
26. Kwon J.W. Mobility of veterinary drugs in soil with application of manure compost. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 2011, 87(1):40-44.
27. Kreider C., Tuomari D.L., Yates J.A. Environmental Assessment for the Use of Nuflor Injectable Solution in Cattle 1996, pp. 1-37.
28. Laoufi N.A., et al. Tylosin abatement in water by photocatalytic process. XENOWAC 2009, pp. 1-6.
29. Lewicki J.Tylosin A review of pharmacokinetics, residues in food animals and analytical methods. Codex Alimentarius Commission. Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives; c2006 2006, 1-39. Available from: ftp://ftp.fao.org/ag/agn/food/tylosin_2006.pdf (accessed 19.08.11).
30. Li Y., Niu J., Wang W. Photolysis of Enrofloxacin in aqueous systems under simulated sunlight irradiation: kinetics, mechanism and toxicity of photolysis products. Chemosphere 2011, 85(5):892-897.
31. Lillenberg M., et al. Enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin uptake by plants from soil. Agron. Res. 2010, 8(1):807-814.
32. Lin J.S., et al. Effects of light and microbial activity on the degradation of two fluoroquinolone antibiotics in pond water and sediment. J. Environ. Sci. Health Part B 2010, 45(5):456-465.
33. Lizondo M., et al. Physicochemical properties of enrofloxacin. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 1997, 15:1845-1849.
34. d) of oxytetracycline, tylosin a, olaquindox and metronidazole in manure. Chemosphere 2002, 48(3):351-361.
35. Lunestad B.T., et al. Photostability of eight antibacterial agents in seawater. Aquaculture 1995, 134:217-225.
36. Martens R., et al. Degradation of the fluoroquinolone enrofloxacin by wood-rotting fungi. Appl. Environ. Microb. 1996, 62(11):4206-4209.
37. Martínez-Carballoa E., González-Barreiroa C., Scharfa S., Gans O. Environmental monitoring study of selected veterinary antibiotics in animal manure and soils in Austria. Environ. Pollut. 2007, 148(2):570-579.
38. McCall P.J., et al. Estimation of chemical mobility in soil from liquid chromatographic retention times. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 1980, 24:190-195.
39. Moraru R., et al. Changes in concentrations of fluoroquinolones and of ciprofloxacin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in chicken feces and manure stored in a heap. J. Environ. Qual. 2012, 41(3):754-763.
40. Murphy D., Peters G.T. Oxytetracycline Hydrochloride: A 96-h Static Acute Toxicity Test with Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 1991, Freedom of Information Act (FOIA), Pesticides.
41. Neomycin Summary Report (3), 2002. Committee for Veterinary Medicinal Products. EMEA/MRL/816/02-FINAL, pp. 1-6.
42. Nouws J.F., et al. Pharmacokinetics, metabolism, and renal clearance of sulfadiazine, sulfamerazine, and sulfamethazine and of their N4-acetyl and hydroxy metabolites in calves and cows. Am. J. Vet. Res. 1988, 49(7):1059-1065.
43. Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed on the development of an approach for the environmental risk assessment of additives, products and substances used in animal feed (Question No. EFSA-Q-2004-078). EFSA J. 2007, 529:1-73.
44. Oxytetracycline, tetracycline, chlortetracycline Summary Report (3). Committee for Veterinary Medicinal Products. EMEA/MRL/023/95, pp. 1-2.
45. Parshikov I.A., et al. Microbiological transformation of enrofloxacin by the fungus Mucor ramannianus. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 2000, 66(6):2664-2667.
46. Pena A., et al. Fluoroquinolone antibiotics determination in piggeries environmental waters. J. Environ. Monit. 2010, 12(3):642-646.
47. Pierini E., et al. Fate of enrofloxacin in swine sewage. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2004, 52(11):3473-3477.
48. PPDB Website (Homepage on the Internet). Available from: (accessed August 2011). http://sitem.herts.ac.uk/aeru/footprint/en/Reports/503.htm.
49. Rabolle M., Spliid N.H. Sorption and mobility of metronidazole, olaquindox, oxytetracycline and tylosin in soil. Chemosphere 2000, 40:715-722.
50. Referral for Enro-K 10% Oral solution, Annex II.EMEA/CVMP/680336/2008-EN.
51. Schering-Plough Animal Health Environmental assessment for Aquaflor (florfenicol) 50% type A medicated article for catfish. INAD: Investigational New Animal Drug (INAD 8519) [Homepage on the Internet] 2004, 1-73. Available from: http://www.fda.gov/downloads/AnimalVeterinary/./ucm072391.pdf (accessed May 2011).
52. Schlüsener M.P., von Arb M.A., Bester K. Elemination of macrolides tiamulin, and salinomycin during manure storage. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 2006, 51:21-28.
53. Schlüsener M.P., Bester K. Persistence of antibiotics such as macrolides, tiamulin and salinomycin in soil. Environ. Pollut. 2006, 143(3):565-571.
54. Schmitt-Kopplin P., et al. Development of capillary electrophoresis method for the analysis of fluoroquinolones and application to the study of the influence of humic substances on their photodegradation in aqueous phase. J. Chromatogr. A 1999, 837:253-265.
55. Sturini M., et al. Sunlight-induced degradation of soil-adsorbed veterinary antimicrobials Marbofloxacin and Enrofloxacin. Chemosphere 2012, 86(2):130-137.
56. Sukul P., et al. Photolysis of 14C-sulfadiazine in water and manure. Chemosphere 2008, 71(4):717-725.
57. Teeter J.S., Meyerhoff R.D. Aerobic degradation of tylosin in cattle, chicken, and swine excreta. Environ. Res. 2003, 93:45-51.
58. Terramycin Soluble Powder 5% (w/w) Oral Powder. Summary of Product Characteristics. Revised: February 2009. AN:00315/2008, pp. 1-5.
59. Tiamulin Summary Report (1), 1999. Committee for Veterinary Medicinal Products. EMEA/MRL/587/99-FINAL, pp. 1-9.
60. Tylosin (1) Summary Report. Committee for Veterinary Medicinal Products, pp. 1-2.
61. UNISOL 2.5% Oral Solution for Calves. Summary of Product Characteristics. Revised: January 2011.AN:01275/2010, pp. 1-6.
62. Wang Q., Yates S.R. Laboratory study of oxytetracycline degradation kinetics in animal manure and soil. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2008, 56:1683-1688.
63. Wetzstein H.G., et al. Degradation of ciprofloxacin by basidiomycetes and identification of metabolites generated by the brown rot fungus Gloeophyllum striatum. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1999, 65(4):1556-1563.
64. Wetzstein H.G., Schneider S., Karl W. Kinetics of the biotransformation of enrofloxacin in aging cattle dung. 102nd General Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology 2002, p. Poster, Salt Lake City, UT.
65. Wollenberger L., Halling-Sorensen B., Kusk K.O. Acute and chronic toxicity of veterinary antibiotics to Daphnia magna. Chemosphere 2000, 40:723-730.
66. Wu X., et al. The behavior of tetracyclines and their degradation products during swine manure composting. Bioresour. Technol. 2011, 102(10):5924-5931.
67. Xuan R., et al. Hydrolysis and photolysis of oxytetracycline in aqueous solution. J. Environ. Sci. Health Part B 2010, 45:73-81.
68. Yang J.F., et al. Degradation behavior of sulfadiazine in soils under different conditions. J. Environ. Sci. Health Part B 2009, 44:241-248.
69. Yang J.F., et al. Dissipation of oxytetracycline in soils under different redox conditions. Environmental Pollution 2009, 159:1-6.
70. Zhou X., et al. Excretion of enrofloxacin in pigs and its effect on ecological environment. Environ. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 2008, 26(3):272-277.