Protective buttressing of the human fist and the evolution of hominin hands

Journal of Experimental Biology

Volumn 216, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 236-244

  Morgan, Michael H ^a   Carrier, David R ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF UTAH SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF UTAH   (United States)

Author keywords

Fighting; Great ape; Hominidae; Male male competition

Indexed keywords

AGGRESSION; ANIMAL; ARTICLE; EVOLUTION; FEMALE; HAND; HAND STRENGTH; HISTOLOGY; HOMINID; HUMAN; MALE; PHYSIOLOGY;

AGGRESSION; ANIMALS; BIOLOGICAL EVOLUTION; FEMALE; HAND; HAND STRENGTH; HOMINIDAE; HUMANS; MALE;

HOMINIDAE;

EID: 84871734229     PISSN: 00220949     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1242/jeb.075713     Document Type: Article

References (82)

1. Alba, D. M., Moyà-Solà, S. and Köhler, M. (2003). Morphological affinities of the Australopithecus afarensis hand on the basis of manual proportions and relative thumb length. J. Hum. Evol. 44, 225-254 (Pubitemid 36413364)
2. Alexander, R. D., Hoogland, J. L., Howard, R. D., Noonan, K. M. and Sherman, P. W. (1979). Sexual dimorphism and breeding systems in pinnipeds, ungulates, primates and humans. In Evolutionary Biology and Human Social Behavior: An Anthropological Perspective (ed. N. A. Chagnon and W. Irons), pp. 402-435 New Scituate, MA: Duxbury Press.
3. Almécija, S., Moyà-Solà, S. and Alba, D. M. (2010). Early origin for human-like precision grasping: a comparative study of pollical distal phalanges in fossil hominins. PLoS ONE 5, e11727.
4. Andersson, M. (1994). Sexual Selection. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
5. Ashley-Montagu, F. M. (1931). On the primate thumb. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 15, 291-314
6. Biegert, J. (1959). Die Ballen, Leisten, Furchen und Nägel von Hand und Fuß der Halbaffen. Z. Morphol. Anthropol. 49, 316-409
7. Boesch, C., Crockford, C., Herbinger, I., Wittig, R., Moebius, Y. and Normand, E. (2008). Intergroup conflicts among chimpanzees in Taï National Park: lethal violence and the female perspective. Am. J. Primatol. 70, 519-532
8. Carrier, D. R. (2004). The running-fighting dichotomy and the evolution of aggression in hominids. In From Biped to Strider: The Emergence of Modern Human Walking, Running, and Resource Transport (ed. J. Meldrum and C. Hilton), pp. 135-162 New York, NY: Kluwer/Plenum Press.
9. Carrier, D. R. (2007). The short legs of great apes: evidence for aggressive behavior in australopiths. Evolution 61, 596-605 (Pubitemid 46657686)
10. Carrier, D. R. (2011). The advantage of standing up to fight and the evolution of habitual bipedalism in hominins. PLoS ONE 6, e19630.
11. Chagnon, N. A. (1968). Yanamamo: The Fierce People. New York, NY: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
12. Christel, M. (1993). Grasping techniques and hand preferences in Hominoidea. In Hands of Primates (ed. H. Preuschoft and D. Chivers), pp. 91-108 New York, NY: Springer-Verlag/Weins.
13. Clutton-Brock, T. H. and Harvey, P. H. (1977). Primate ecology and social organization. J. Zool. 183, 1-39
14. Clutton-Brock, T. H., Harvey, P. H. and Rudder, B. (1977). Sexual dimorphism, socionomic sex ratio and body weight in primates. Nature 269, 797-800 (Pubitemid 8208823)
15. Clutton-Brock, T. H., Guinness, F. E. and Albon, S. D. (1982). Red Deer: The Behavior and Ecology of Two Sexes. Chicago, IL: Chicago University Press.
16. Crompton, R. H., Sellers, W. I. and Thorpe, S. K. S. (2010). Arboreality, terrestriality and bipedalism. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 365, 3301-3314
17. Crowner, M. L., Peric, G., Stepcic, F. and Lee, S. (2005). Assailant and victim behaviors immediately preceding inpatient assault. Psychiatr. Q. 76, 243-256 (Pubitemid 40922157)
18. Darwin, C. (1899). The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals. New York, NY: D. Appleton and Company.
19. Enquist, M. (1985). Communication during aggressive interactions with particular reference to variation in choice of behaviors. Anim. Behav. 33, 1152-1161
20. Farlow, J. O., Gatesy, S. M., Holtz, T. R., Hutchinson, J. R. and Robinson, J. M. (2000). Theropod locomotion. Am. Zool. 40, 640-663 (Pubitemid 33214560)
21. Furuichi, T. (1997). Agonistic interactions and matrifocal dominance rank of wild bonobos (Pan paniscus) at Wamba. Int. J. Primatol. 18, 855-875 (Pubitemid 28052097)
22. Galdikas, B. M. F. (1985). Adult male sociality and reproductive tactics among orangutans at Tanjung Puting. Folia Primatol. 45, 9-24
23. Gordon, A. D., Green, D. J. and Richmond, B. G. (2008). Strong postcranial size dimorphism in Australopithecus afarensis: results from two new resampling methods for multivariate data sets with missing data. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 135, 311-328 (Pubitemid 351238540)
24. Green, D. J. and Gordon, A. D. (2008). Metacarpal proportions in Australopithecus africanus. J. Hum. Evol. 54, 705-719
25. Harcourt, A. H. (1978). Strategies of emigration and transfer by primates, with particular reference to gorillas. Z. Tierpsychol. 48, 401-420
26. Hohmann, G. and Fruth, B. (2003). Intra-and intersexual aggression by bonobos in the context of mating. Behavior 140, 1389-1413 (Pubitemid 38135331)
27. Inouye, S. E. (1992). Ontogeny and allometry of African ape manual rays. J. Hum. Evol. 23, 107-138
28. Ivancevic, V. G. (2009a). New mechanics of traumatic brain injury. Cogn. Neurodyn. 3, 281-293
29. Ivancevic, V. G. (2009b). New mechanics of generic musculo-skeletal injury. Biophys. Rev. Lett. 4, 273.
30. Jarman, P. J. (1983). Mating system and sexual dimorphism in large, terrestrial, mammalian herbivores. Biol. Rev. Camb. Philos. Soc. 58, 485-520
31. Jouffroy, F. K., Godinot, M. and Nakano, Y. (1991). Biometrical characteristics of primate hands. Hum. Evol. 4, 269-306
32. Jurmain, R. (1997). Skeletal evidence of trauma in African apes with special reference to the Gombe chimpanzees. Primates 38, 1-14 (Pubitemid 127658503)
33. Kano, T. (1992). The Last Ape. Pygmy Chimpanzee Behavior and Ecology. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
34. Kivell, T. L., Kibii, J. M., Churchill, S. E., Schmid, P. and Berger, L. R. (2011). Australopithecus sediba hand demonstrates mosaic evolution of locomotor and manipulative abilities. Science 333, 1411-1417
35. Legerstee, M., Corter, C. and Kienapple, K. (1990). Hand, arm, and facial actions of young infants to a social and nonsocial stimulus. Child Dev. 61, 774-784
36. Lindegard, B. (1953). Variations in human bodybuild; a somatometric and X-ray cephalometric investigation on Scandinavian adults. Acta Psychiatr. Neurol. Scand. Suppl. 86, 1-163
37. Lovejoy, C. O., Simpson, S. W., White, T. D., Asfaw, B. and Suwa, G. (2009). Careful climbing in the Miocene: the forelimbs of Ardipithecus ramidus and humans are primitive. Science 326, e1-e8.
38. Manning, J. T. and Taylor, R. P. (2001). Second to fourth digit ratio and male ability in sport: implications for sexual selection in humans. Evol. Hum. Behav. 22, 61-69 (Pubitemid 33619685)
39. Manning, J. T., Scutt, D., Wilson, J. and Lewis-Jones, D. I. (1998). The ratio of 2nd to 4th digit length: a predictor of sperm numbers and concentrations of testosterone, luteinizing hormone and oestrogen. Hum. Reprod. 13, 3000-3004 (Pubitemid 28521839)
40. Marzke, M. W. (1983). Joint functions and grips of the Australopithecus afarensis hand, with special reference to the region of the capitate. J. Hum. Evol. 12, 197-211
41. Marzke, M. W. (1997). Precision grips, hand morphology, and tools. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 102, 91-110 (Pubitemid 27074919)
42. Marzke, M. W., Marzke, R. F., Linscheid, R. L., Smutz, P., Steinberg, B., Reece, S. and An, K. N. (1999). Chimpanzee thumb muscle cross sections, moment arms and potential torques, and comparisons with humans. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 110, 163-178 (Pubitemid 29466217)
43. Maynard Smith, J. and Price, G. R. (1973). The logic of animal conflict. Nature 246, 15-18
44. McHenry, H. M. (1986). Size variation in the postcranium of Australopithecus afarensis and extant species of Hominoidea. J. Hum. Evol. 1, 149-155
45. McHenry, H. M. (1991). Sexual dimorphism in Australopithecus afarensis. J. Hum. Evol. 20, 21-32
46. McHenry, H. M. (1996). Sexual dimorphism in fossil hominids and its socioecological implications. In The Archaeology of Human Ancestry: Power, Sex and Tradition (ed. J. Steele and S. Shennan), pp. 91-109 New York, NY: Routledge.
47. Midlo, C. (1934). Form of hand and foot in primates. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 19, 337-389
48. Morris, D. (1977). Manwatching: A Field Guide to Human Behavior. New York, NY: H. N. Abrams.
49. Napier, J. R. (1960). Studies of the hands of living primates. Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 134, 647-657
50. Napier, J. R. (1962). The evolution of the hand. Sci. Am. 207, 56-65
51. Napier, J. R. (1965). Evolution of the human hand. Proc. R. Inst. Great Britain 40, 544-557
52. Neave, N., Laing, S., Fink, B. and Manning, J. T. (2003). Second to fourth digit ratio, testosterone and perceived male dominance. Proc. Biol. Sci. 270, 2167-2172 (Pubitemid 37289884)
53. Ogihara, N., Kunai, T. and Nakatsukasa, M. (2005). Muscle dimensions in the chimpanzee hand. Primates 46, 275-280 (Pubitemid 41631013)
54. Parker, G. A. (1974). Assessment strategy and the evolution of fighting behaviour. J. Theor. Biol. 47, 223-243
55. Parker, G. A. (1983). Arms races in evolution - an ESS to the opponent independent costs game. J. Theor. Biol. 101, 619-648
56. Pickford, M., Senut, B., Gommery, D. and Treil, J. (2002). Bipedalism in Orrorin tugenensis revealed by its femora. C. R. Palevol 1, 191-203 (Pubitemid 37471063)
57. Plavcan, J. M. (1999). Mating systems, intrasexual competition and sexual dimorphism in primates. In Comparative Primate Socioecology (ed. P. C. Lee), pp. 241-269 Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
58. Plavcan, J. M. (2000). Inferring social behavior from sexual dimorphism in the fossil record. J. Hum. Evol. 39, 327-344
59. Plavcan, J. M. (2004). Sexual selection, measurement of sexual selection, and sexual dimorphism in primates. In Sexual Selection in Primates: New and Comparative Perspectives (ed. P. M. Kappeler and C. P. van Schaik), pp. 230-252 Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
60. Plavcan, J. M. and van Schaik, C. P. (1997a). Intrasexual competition and body weight dimorphism in anthropoid primates. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 103, 37-68 (Pubitemid 27240900)
61. Plavcan, J. M. and van Schaik, C. P. (1997b). Interpreting hominid behavior on the basis of sexual dimorphism. J. Hum. Evol. 32, 345-374
62. Price, M. E., Dunn, J., Hopkins, S. and Kang, J. (2011). Anthropometric correlates of human anger. Evol. Hum. Behav. 33, 174-181
63. Puts, D. A. (2010). Beauty and the beast: mechanisms of sexual selection in humans. Evol. Hum. Behav. 31, 157-175
64. Reno, P. L., McCollum, M. A., Meindl, R. S. and Lovejoy, C. O. (2010). An enlarged postcranial sample confirms Australopithecus afarensis dimorphism was similar to modern humans. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B 365, 3355-3363
65. Richmond, B. G. and Jungers, W. L. (2008). Orrorin tugenensis femoral morphology and the evolution of hominin bipedalism. Science 319, 1662-1665 (Pubitemid 351432503)
66. Rolian, C., Lieberman, D. E. and Hallgrímsson, B. (2010). The coevolution of human hands and feet. Evolution 64, 1558-1568
67. Schubert, T. W. and Koole, S. L. (2009). The embodied self: making a fist enhances men's power-related self-conceptions. J. Exp. Soc. Psychol. 45, 828-834
68. Schultz, A. H. (1930). The skeleton of the trunk and limbs of higher primates. Hum. Biol. 2, 303-438
69. Straus, W. L. (1942). Rudimentary digits in primates. Q. Rev. Biol. 17, 228-243
70. Susman, R. L. (1979). Comparative and functional morphology of hominoid fingers. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 50, 215-236
71. Susman, R. L. (1988). Hand of Paranthropus robustus from Member 1, Swartkrans: fossil evidence for tool behavior. Science 240, 781-784
72. Susman, R. L. (1994). Fossil evidence for early hominid tool use. Science 265, 1570-1573 (Pubitemid 24310698)
73. Susman, R. L. (1998). Hand function and tool behavior in early hominids. J. Hum. Evol. 35, 23-46 (Pubitemid 28469717)
74. Szalai, F. and Szamado, S. (2009). Honest and cheating strategies in a simple model of aggressive communication. Anim. Behav. 78, 949-959
75. Szamado, S. (2008). How threat displays work: species-specific fighting techniques, weaponry and proximity risk. Anim. Behav. 76, 1455-1463
76. Walther, F. R. (1984). Communication and Expression in Hoofed Mammals. Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.
77. Watkins, B. T., Parkinson, D. and Mensforth, R. P. (1993). Morphological evidence for the abandonment of forelimb dominance in Australopithecus afarensis. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 16, 205.
78. Watts, D. P., Muller, M., Amsler, S. J., Mbabazi, G. and Mitani, J. C. (2006). Lethal intergroup aggression by chimpanzees in Kibale National Park, Uganda. Am. J. Primatol. 68, 161-180
79. Wrangham, R. W. (1999). Evolution of coalitionary killing. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 110 Suppl. 29, 1-30
80. Wrangham, R. and Peterson, D. (1996). Demonic Males: Apes and the Origins of Human Violence. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin.
81. Young, R. W. (2003). Evolution of the human hand: the role of throwing and clubbing. J. Anat. 202, 165-174 (Pubitemid 36503979)
82. Zihlman, A. L. and McFarland, R. K. (2000). Body mass in lowland gorillas: a quantitative analysis. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 113, 61-78