Method in Liberation Theologies

Theological Studies

Volumn 61, Issue 1, 2000, Pages 40-63

  Phan, Peter C ^a  

^a CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF AMERICA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84871727579     PISSN: 00405639     EISSN: 21691304     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/004056390006100103     Document Type: Article

References (114)

1. For helpful general introductions to liberation theology which are legion, the following may be consulted: Mysterium Liberationis: Fundamental Concepts of Liberation Theology, ed. Ignacio Ellacuría and Jon Sobrino (Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis, 1993);
2. The Future of Liberation Theology, ed. Marc H. Ellis and Otto Maduro (Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis, 1989);
3. Liberation Theology, ed. Curt Cadorette et al. (Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis, 1992);
4. and Peter C. Phan, "The Future of Liberation Theology," The Living Light 28/3 (1992) 259-71.
5. For excellent documentation, see Liberation Theology: A Documentary History, ed. Alfred T. Hennelly (Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis, 1990).
6. For the critique by the Vatican, see the documents by the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, "Instruction on Certain Aspects of the 'Theology of Liberation'," Origins 14 (September 13, 1984) 193-204
7. "Instruction on Christian Freedom and Liberation," Origins 15 (April 17, 1986) 713-28.
8. The second document reflects a more positive attitude toward liberation theology. For an evaluation of the Vatican's documents, see Juan Luis Segundo, Theology and the Church: A Response to Cardinal Ratzinger and a Warning to the Whole Church, trans. John W. Diercksmeier (Minneapolis: Winston, 1985)
9. Kyongsuk Min, Dialectic of Salvation: Issues in Theology and Liberation (Albany, N.Y.: State Universtiy of New York, 1989).
10. For a balanced assessment of the critique of liberation theology, see Arthur F. McGovern, Liberation Theology and Its Critics: Toward an Assessment (Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis, 1989).
11. see Jon Sobrino, Ignacio Ellacuría and others, Companions of Jesus: The Jesuit Martyrs of El Salvador (Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis, 1990) 51.
12. For presentations of liberation from the global perspective, see Alfred T. Hennelly, Liberation Theologies: The Global Pursuit of Justice (Mystic, Conn.: Twenty-Third Publications, 1995);
13. Lift Every Voice: Constructing Christian Theologies from the Underside, ed. Susan Brooks Thistlethwaite and Mary Potter Engel, rev. ed. (Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis, 1998);
14. and Priscilla Pope-Levison and John R. Levison, Jesus in Global Contexts (Louisville, Kent.: Westminster/John Knox, 1992).
15. Lift Every Voice 5.
16. See Clodovis Boff, Theology and Praxis: Epistemological Foundations, trans. Robert Barr (Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis, 1987) xxv
17. Teoria do Método Teolólogico (Petropolis, Brazil: Vozes, 1998).
18. See also Clodovis Boff, "Epistemology and Method of Liberation Theology," in Mysterium Liberationis 57-85
19. Leonardo Boff and Clodovis Boff, Introducing Liberation Theology, trans. Paul Burns (Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis, 1987) 22-42.
20. Gustavo Gutiérrez, A Theology of Liberation, rev. ed., trans. Sister Caridad and John Eagleson [Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis, 1988] 12.
21. Gustavo Gutiérrez, A Theology of Liberation 5. In an earlier lecture (July 1968).
22. Hennelly, Liberation Theology: A Documentary History 63).
23. See Gustavo Gutiérrez, A Theology of Liberation 5-11.
24. Juan Luis Segundo, Signs of the Times: Theological Reflections, ed. Alfred Hennelly, trans. Robert Barr (Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis, 1993).
25. Gustavo Gutiérrez, A Theology of Liberation 9.
26. Stephen Pope, "Christian Love for the Poor: Almsgiving and the 'Preferential Option'," Horizons 21 (1994) 288-312;
27. Patrick H. Byrne, "Ressentiment and the Preferential Option for the Poor," Theological Studies 54 (1993) 213-41;
28. Stephen Pope, "Proper and Improper Partiality and the Preferential Option for the Poor," Theological Studies 54 (1993) 242-71.
29. For a critical examination of the relationship between orthopraxis and doing theology, especially as proposed by Juan Luis Segundo, see Bernard J. Verkamp, "On Doing the Truth: Orthopraxis and the Theologian," Theological Studies 49 (1988) 3-24.
30. See Clodovis Boff, Theology and Praxis 20-29.
31. Clodovis Boff, Theology and Praxis 31.
32. See Gustavo Gutiérrez, A Theology of Liberation 49-57.
33. See Gustavo Gutiérrez's essay entitled "Theology and the Social Sciences" first published in 1984 and later incorporated in his The Truth Shall Make You Free: Confrontations, trans. Matthew O'Connell (Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis, 1990) 53-84.
34. See the works of James H. Cone, Gayraud S. Wilmore, and J. Deotis Roberts. See in particular Gayraud S. Wilmore, Black Religion and Black Radicalism: An Interpretation of the Religious History of African Americans, 3rd ed. (Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis, 1998);
35. Gayraud S. Wilmore and James H. Cone, ed., Black Theology: A Documentary History, 1966-1979, 1 (Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis, 1993)
36. Black Theology: A Documentary History, 1980-1992, 2 (Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis, 1993).
37. see his A Common Journey: Black Theology (USA) and Latin American Liberation Theology (Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis, 1993) 2.
38. For Black Catholic theology, see Taking Down Our Harps: Black Catholics in the United States, ed. Diana L. Hayes and Cyprian Davis (Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis, 1998)
39. Chung Hyun Kyung, Struggle to Be the Sun Again: Introducing Asian Women's Theology (Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis, 1990) 106.
40. See also We Dare to Dream: Doing Theology as Asian Women, ed. Virginia Fabella and Sun Ai Lee Park (Hong Kong: Asian Women's Resource Centre for Culture and Theology, 1989).
41. See the works of Virgilio Elizondo, especially his Mestizaje: The Dialectic of Cultural Birth and the Gospel (San Antonio: Mexican American Cultural Center, 1978)
42. The Future is Mestizo: Life Where Cultures Meet (Bloomington, Ind.: Meyer-Stone, 1988);
43. see also Roberto Goizueta, Caminemos con Jesús: Toward a Hispanic/Latino Theology of Accompaniment (Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis, 1995).
44. See Gustavo Gutiérrez, The Truth Shall Make You Free 61-63, 69-75;
45. Enrique D. Dussell, "Theology of Liberation and Marxism," Mysterium Liberationis 85-102;
46. Arthur McGovern, "Dependency Theory, Marxist Analysis, and Liberation Theology," in The Future of Theology 272-86.
47. see Peter Burns, "The Problem of Socialism in Liberation Theology," Theological Studies 53 (1992) 493-516.
48. Aloysius Pieris, An Asian Theology of Liberation (Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis, 1988) 80-81.
49. Cristián Parker, Popular Religion and Modernization in Latin America, trans. Robert Barr (Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis, 1996) with a rich bibliography (265-84);
50. as well as Michael R. Candelaria, Popular Religion and Liberation: The Dilemma of Liberation Theology (Albany, N.Y.: State University of New York, 1990).
51. See Pontifical Council for Interreligious Dialogue and the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples, Dialogue and Proclamation, June 20, 1991 (Rome: Vatican Polyglot, 1991) no. 42.
52. Jews, and Muslims in John Paul II and Interreligious Dialogue, ed. Byron L. Sherwin and Harold Kasimov (Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis, 1999).
53. See, e.g., Gustavo Gutiérrez, We Drink from Our Own Well, trans. Matthew O'Connell (Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis, 1984);
54. Jon Sobrino, A Spirituality of Liberation: Toward a Political Holiness, trans. Robert Barr (Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis, 1988);
55. Leonardo Boff, Passion of Christ, Passion of the World, trans. Robert Barr (Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis, 1987);
56. Segundo Galilea, Following Jesus (Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis, 1981);
57. Nestor Jaén, Toward a Liberation Spirituality, trans. Philip Berryman (Chicago: Loyola University, 1991);
58. Asian Christian Spirituality: Reclaiming Tradition, ed. Virginia Fabella, Peter K. H. Lee, and David Kwang-sun Suh (Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis, 1992.
59. On the spirituality of liberation theology, see Peter C. Phan, "Peacemaking in Latin American Liberation Theology," Église et théologie 24 (1993) 25-41.
60. Aloysius Pieris, An Asian Theology of Liberation 53, 85.
61. See Aloysius Pieris, Love Meets Wisdom: A Christian Experience of Buddhism (Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis, 1988)
62. Fire and Water: Basic Issues in Asian Buddhism and Christianity (Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis, 1996).
63. Highly significant in this regard are the prolific writings of Jung Young Lee, especially his Embracing Change: Postmodern Interpretations of the I Ching from a Christian Perspective (Scranton: University of Scranton, 1994)
64. The Trinity in Asian Perspective (Nashville: Abingdon, 1996).
65. Song is a highly skillful practitioner of story theology. For his reflections on stories as part of the theological method, see his ten theses in Tell Us Our Names: Story Theology from an Asian Perspective (Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis, 1984) 3-24
66. "Five Stages Toward Christian Theology in the Multicultural World," in Journeys at the Margin: Toward an Autobiographical Theology in American-Asian Perspective, ed. Peter C. Phan and Jung Young Lee (Collegeville: Liturgical, 1999) 1-21.
67. For Song's own theological works, see in particular Third-Eye Theology: Theology in Formation in Asian Settings, rev. ed. (Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis, 1990; original ed. 1979);
68. The Compassionate God (Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis, 1982);
69. Theology from the Womb of Asia (Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis, 1986);
70. his christological trilogy entitled The Cross in the Lotus World: Jesus, the Crucified People (New York: Crossroad, 1990);
71. Jesus and the Reign of God (Minneapolis: Fortress, 1994);
72. and Jesus in the Power of the Holy Spirit (Minneapolis: Fortress, 1994).
73. For a book-length study of Song, see Karl H. Federschmidt, Theologie aus asiatischen Quellen: Der theologische Weg Choan-Seng Songs vor dem Hintergrund der asiatischen ökumenischen Diskussion (Münster and Hamburg: Lit, 1994).
74. On minjung theology, see An Emerging Theology in World Perspective: Commentary on Korean Minjung Theology, ed. Jung Yung Lee (Mystic, Conn.: Twenty-Third, 1988);
75. Andrew Sung Park, The Wounded Heart of God (Nashville: Abing-don, 1993);
76. and Young-Chan Ro, "Revisioning Minjung Theology: The Method of the Minjung," in Lift Every Voice 40-52.
77. Young-Chan Ro, "Revisioning Minjung," in Lift Every Voice 49.
78. Clodovis Boff, Theology and Praxis 67.
79. Gustavo Gutiérrez, A Theology of Liberation 11;
80. Juan Luis Segundo, The Liberation of Theology 8.
81. For general expositions of biblical exegesis in liberation theology, see Norman K. Gottwald, The Tribes of Yahweh: A Sociology of the Religion of Liberated Israel, 1250-1050 B.C.E. (Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis, 1979);
82. The Bible and Liberation: Political and Social Hermeneutics, ed. Norman K. Gottwald (Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis, 1983);
83. Fernando Belo, A Materialist Reading of the Gospel of Mark, trans. Matthew O'Connell (Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis, 1981);
84. Michel Clévenot, Materialist Approaches to the Bible, trans. William J. Nottingham (Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis, 1985);
85. J. Severino Croatto, Biblical Hermeneutics: Toward a Theory of Reading as the Production of Meaning, trans. Robert Barr (Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis, 1987);
86. Voices from the Margin: Interpreting the Bible in the Third World, ed. R. S. Sugirtharajah (Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis, 1991).
87. Diana L. Hayes, M. Shawn Copeland, Toinette M. Eugene, and Jamie Phelps. For a general evaluation of feminist hermeneutics in relation to liberation theology, see Sharon H. Ringe, "Reading from Context to Context: Contributions of a Feminist Hermeneutic to Theologies of Liberation," in Lift Every Voice 289-97.
88. See Rasiah S. Sugirtharajah, Asian Biblical Hermeneutics and Postcolonialism: Contesting the Interpretations (Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis, 1998).
89. See Cain Hope Felder, Troubling Biblical Waters: Race, Class, and Family (Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis, 1980).
90. The most famous collection of these interpretations is Ernesto Cardenal, The Gospel in Solentiname, 4 vols. (Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis, 1982).
91. Louis Althusser's works available in English include: Essays in Self-Criticism (Atlantic Highlands, N.J.: Humanities, 1976);
92. Lenin and Philosophy and Other Essays (New York: Monthly Review, 1971);
93. Politics and History: Montesquieu, Rousseau, Hegel, Marx (New York: Schocken, 1978);
94. Reading Capital (New York: Schocken, 1979);
95. and For Marx (New York: Schocken, 1979).
96. Reading Capital 40-43;
97. and Lenin and Philosophy 60-63.
98. Clodovis Boff, Theology and Praxis 72.
99. see Leonardo and Clodovis Boff, Introducing Liberation Theology, trans. Robert Barr (Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis, 1986) 34-35.
100. Clodovis Boff, Theology and Praxis, 149.
101. See Kwok Pui-lan, Discovering the Bible in the Non-Biblical World (Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis, 1995).
102. See R. S. Sugirtharajah, "Inter-Faith Hermeneutics: An Example and Some Implications," in Voices from the Margins 352-63.
103. Leonardo and Clodovis Boff, Introducing Liberation Theology 22. For a balanced reflection on the relationship between orthopraxis and theological work, see the essay of Bernard J. Verkamp, "On Doing the Truth: Orthopraxis and the Theologian," Theological Studies 49 (1988) 3-24.
104. See Leonardo Boff and Clodovis Boff, Introducing Liberation Theology 23.
105. see Clodovis Boff, Theology and Praxis 168-71.
106. See Clodovis Boff, Theology and Praxis 171-73.
107. Gustavo Gutiérrez, The Truth Shall Make You Free 181 n. 45.
108. Clodovis Boff, Theology and Praxis 198.
109. Clodovis Boff, Theology and Praxis 210-13.
110. Mary Potter Engel and Susan Brooks Thistlethwaite, "Making the Connections among Liberation Theologies around the World," in Lift Every Voice 11).
111. Clodovis Boff, Theology and Praxis 216.
112. Juan Luis Segundo, The Liberation of Theology 39-40.
113. For an excellent presentation of Asian liberation theologies, see Michael Amaladoss, Life in Freedom: Liberation Theologies from Asia (Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis, 1997).
114. For a description of these resources, see Peter C. Phan, "Jesus the Christ with an Asian Face," Theological Studies 57 (1996) 403-5.