Subclinical pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility

Obstetrics and Gynecology

Volumn 120, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 37-43

  Wiesenfeld, Harold C ^a   Hillier, Sharon L ^a   Meyn, Leslie A ^b   Amortegui, Antonio J ^b   Sweet, Richard L ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ARTICLE; CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS; CHLAMYDIASIS; ENDOMETRITIS; FEMALE; FEMALE INFERTILITY; GONORRHEA; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION; MICROBIOLOGY; NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE; PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE; PREGNANCY; PREGNANCY RATE; PREVALENCE; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; VAGINITIS;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS; CHLAMYDIA INFECTIONS; CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS; ENDOMETRITIS; FEMALE; GONORRHEA; HUMANS; INCIDENCE; INFERTILITY, FEMALE; NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE; PELVIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASE; PREGNANCY; PREGNANCY RATE; PREVALENCE; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; VAGINOSIS, BACTERIAL; YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 84871691750     PISSN: 00297844     EISSN: 1873233X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/AOG.0b013e31825a6bc9     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. Chandra A, Martinez GM, Mosher WD, Abma JC, Jones J. Fertility, family planning, and reproductive health of U.S. women: Data from the 2002 National Survey of Family Growth. Vital Health Stat 2005;23:1-174.
2. Macaluso M, Wright-Schnapp TJ, Chandra A, Johnson R, Satterwhite CL, Pulver A, et al. A public health focus on infertility prevention, detection, and management. Fertil Steril 2010;93:16.e1-10.
3. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, American Society for Reproductive Medicine, Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology. 2007 assisted reproductive technology success rates: national summary and fertility clinic reports. Atlanta (GA): U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2009.
4. Institute of Medicine. The hidden epidemic—confronting sexually transmitted diseases. In: Eng TR, Butler WT, editors. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 1997.
5. Cates W, Farley TM, Rowe PJ. Worldwide patterns of infertility: is Africa different? Lancet 1985;2:596-8.
6. Westrom L, Joesoef R, Reynolds G, Hagdu A, Thompson SE. Pelvic inflammatory disease and fertility. A cohort study of 1,844 women with laparoscopically verified disease and 657 control women with normal laparoscopic results. Sex Transm Dis 1992;19:185-92.
7. World Health Organization Task Force on the Prevention and Management of Infertility. Tubal infertility: Serologic relationship to past chlamydial and gonococcal infection. Sex Transm Dis 1995;22:71-7.
8. Sellors JW, Mahony JB, Chernesky MA, Rath DJ. Tubal factor infertility: an association with prior chlamydial infection and asymptomatic salpingitis. Fertil Steril 1988;49:451-7.
9. Miettinen A, Heinonen PK, Teisala K, Hakkarainen K, Punnonen R. Serologic evidence for the role of Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Mycoplasma hominis in the etiology of tubal factor infertility and ectopic pregnancy. Sex Transm Dis 1990;17:10-4.
10. Cates W Jr, Joesoef MR, Goldman MB. Atypical pelvic inflammatory disease: can we identify clinical predictors? Am J Obstet Gynecol 1993;169:341-6.
11. Paavonen J, Kiviat N, Brunham RC, Stevens CE, Kuo CC, Stamm WE, et al. Prevalence and manifestations of endometritis among women with cervicitis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1985;152:280-6.
12. Korn AP, Bolan G, Padian N, Ohm-Smith M, Schachter J, Landers DV. Plasma cell endometritis in women with symptomatic bacterial vaginosis. Obstet Gynecol 1995;85:387-90.
13. Wiesenfeld HC, Hillier SL, Krohn MA, Amortegui AJ, Heine RP, Landers DV, et al. Lower genital tract infection and endometritis: insight into subclinical pelvic inflammatory disease. Obstet Gynecol 2002;100:456-63.
14. Wiesenfeld HC, Sweet RL, Ness RB, Krohn MA, Amortegui AJ, Hillier SL. Comparison of acute and subclinical pelvic inflammatory disease. Sex Transm Dis 2005;32:400-5.
15. Amsel R, Totten PA, Spiegel CA, Chen KC, Eschenbach D, Holmes KK. Nonspecific vaginitis. Diagnostic criteria and microbial and epidemiologic associations. Am J Med 1983;74:14-22.
16. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 1998 Guidelines for treatment of sexually transmitted diseases. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1998;47:1-116.
17. Nugent RP, Krohn MA, Hillier SL. Reliability of diagnosing bacterial vaginosis is improved by a standardized method of Gram stain interpretation. J Clin Microbiol 1991;29:297-301.
18. Kiviat NB, Wolner-Hanssen P, Eschenbach DA, Wasserheit JN, Paavonen JA, Bell TA, et al. Endometrial histopathology in patients with culture-proved upper genital tract infection and laparoscopically diagnosed acute salpingitis. Am J Surg Pathol 1990;14.
19. Efron B. The efficiency of Cox's likelihood function for censored data. J Am Stat Assoc 1977;72:557-65.
20. Lin DY, Wei LJ. The robust inference for the Cox proportional hazards model. J Am Stat Assoc 1989;84:1074-8.
21. Smith S, Pfeifer SM, Collins JA. Diagnosis and management of female infertility. JAMA 2003;290:1767-70.
22. Sweet RL, Draper DL, Schachter J, James J, Hadley WK, Brooks GF. Microbiology and pathogenesis of acute salpingitis as determined by laparoscopy: what is the appropriate site to sample? Am J Obstet Gynecol 1980;138:985-9.
23. Kamwendo F, Forslin L, Bodin L, Danielsson D. Epidemiology of ectopic pregnancy during a 28 year period and the role of pelvic inflammatory disease. Sex Transm Infect 2000;76:28-32.
24. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Assisted reproductive technology surveillance—United States, 2004. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2007;56:1-22.
25. Helmerhorst FM, Perquin DA, Donker D, Keirse MJ. Perinatal outcome of singletons and twins after assisted conception: a systematic review of controlled studies. BMJ 2004;328:261-4.
26. Moore DE, Spadoni LR, Foy HM, Wang SP, Daling JR, Kuo CC, et al. Increased frequency of serum antibodies to Chlamydia trachomatis in infertility due to distal tubal occlusion. Lancet 1982;2:574-7.
27. Brunham RC, Maclean IW, Binns B, Peeling RW. Chlamydia trachomatis: its role in tubal infertility. J Infect Dis 1985;152:1275-82.
28. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexually transmitted disease surveillance 2009. Atlanta (GA): U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 2010.
29. Allsworth JE, Lewis VA, Peipert JF. Viral sexually transmitted infections and bacterial vaginosis: 2001-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data. Sex Transm Dis 2008;25:791-6.
30. Korn AP, Hessol NA, Padian NS, Bolan GA, Donegan E, Landers DV, et al. Risk factors for plasma cell endometritis among women with cervical Neisseria gonorrhoeae, cervical Chlamydia trachomatis, or bacterial vaginosis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1998;178:987-90.
31. Haggerty CL, Ness RB, Amortegui A, Hendrix SL, Hillier SL, Holley RL, et al. Endometritis does not predict reproductive morbidity after pelvic inflammatory disease. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2003;188:141-8.