Flexion-extension cervical spine MRI in children with skeletal dysplasia: Is it safe and effective?

Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics

Volumn 33, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 91-98

  MacKenzie, William G ^a   Dhawale, Arjun A ^a   Demczko, Matthew M ^a   Ditro, Colleen ^a   Rogers, Kenneth J ^a   Bober, Michael B ^a   Campbell, Jeffrey W ^a   Grissom, Leslie E ^a  

^a NEMOURS ALFRED I DUPONT HOSPITAL FOR CHILDREN   (United States)

Author keywords

cervical spine; children; flexion extension magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); instability; safety; skeletal dysplasia; stenosis

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; BONE DYSPLASIA; CERVICAL SPINE RADIOGRAPHY; CHILD; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CLINICAL DECISION MAKING; FEMALE; FLEXION EXTENSION CERVICAL SPINE; HUMAN; MALE; NEUROLOGIC EXAMINATION; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; ODONTOID PROCESS; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK BENEFIT ANALYSIS; SAFETY; SEDATION; SPINAL CORD COMPRESSION; SPINE INSTABILITY; SPINE SURGERY; VERTEBRAL CANAL STENOSIS;

BONE DISEASES, DEVELOPMENTAL; CERVICAL VERTEBRAE; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; FEMALE; HUMANS; INFANT; INFANT, NEWBORN; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; MALE; PATIENT POSITIONING; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES; SPINAL DISEASES;

EID: 84871660494     PISSN: 02716798     EISSN: 15392570     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/BPO.0b013e318279c51f     Document Type: Article

References (24)

1. Violas P, Fraisse B, Chapuis M, et al. Cervical spine stenosis in chondrodysplasia punctata. J Pediatr Orthop B. 2007;16:443-445. (Pubitemid 47511548)
2. Shetty GM, Song HR, Unnikrishnan R, et al. Upper cervical spine instability in pseudoachondroplasia. J Pediatr Orthop. 2007; 27:782-787. (Pubitemid 47428999)
3. Leet AI, Sampath JS, Scott CI Jr, et al. Cervical spinal stenosis in metatropic dysplasia. J Pediatr Orthop. 2006;26:347-352. (Pubitemid 44357062)
4. Lachman RS. The cervical spine in the skeletal dysplasias and associated disorders. Pediatr Radiol. 1997;27:402-408. (Pubitemid 27214026)
5. Northover H, Cowie RA, Wraith JE. Mucopolysaccharidosis type IVA (Morquio syndrome): a clinical review. J Inherit Metab Dis. 1996;19:357-365. (Pubitemid 26185528)
6. Poussa M, Merikanto J, Ryöppy S, et al. The spine in diastrophic dysplasia. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1991;16:881-887.
7. Merrill KD, Schmidt TL. Occipitoatlantal instability in a child with Kniest syndrome. J Pediatr Orthop. 1989;9:338-340. (Pubitemid 19117756)
8. Shohat M, Lachman R, Rimoin DL. Odontoid hypoplasia with vertebral cervical subluxation and ventriculomegaly in metatropic dysplasia. J Pediatr. 1989;114:239-243. (Pubitemid 19059117)
9. Kaufman HH, Rosenberg HS, Scott CI, et al. Cervical myelopathy due to dural compression in mucopolysaccharidosis. Surg Neurol. 1982;17:404-410. (Pubitemid 12074708)
10. Kennedy P, Swash M, Dean MF. Cervical cord compression in mucopolysaccharidosis. Dev Med Child Neurol. 1973;15: 194-199.
11. McAfee PC, Bohlman HH, Han JS, et al. Comparison of nuclear magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography in the diagnosis of upper cervical spinal cord compression. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1986;11:295-304. (Pubitemid 16068428)
12. Roach JW, Duncan D, Wenger DR, et al. Atlanto-axial instability and spinal cord compression in children - diagnosis by computerized tomography. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1984;66:708-714. (Pubitemid 14082335)
13. Han JS, Benson JE, Yoon YS. Magnetic resonance imaging in the spinal column and craniovertebral junction. Radiol Clin North Am. 1984;22:805-827. (Pubitemid 15158581)
14. Epstein NE, Hyman RA, Epstein JA, et al. "Dynamic" MRI scanning of the cervical spine. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1988;13: 937-938.
15. Pappas CT, Rekate HL. Role of magnetic resonance imaging and three-dimensional computerized tomography in craniovertebral junction anomalies. Pediatr Neurosci. 1988;14:18-22.
16. Bell GR, Stearns KL. Flexion-extension MRI of the upper rheumatoid cervical spine. Orthopedics. 1991;14:969-973.
17. Weng MS, Haynes RJ. Flexion and extension cervical MRI in a pediatric population. J Pediatr Orthop. 1996;16:359-363. (Pubitemid 26123666)
18. Segal LS, Drummond DS, Zanotti RM, et al. Complications of posterior arthrodesis of the cervical spine in patients who have Down syndrome. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1991;73:1547-1554.
19. Koop SE, Winter RB, Lonstein JE. The surgical treatment of instability of the upper part of the cervical spine in children and adolescents. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1984;66:403-411. (Pubitemid 14169461)
20. Ain MC, Chaichana KL, Schkrohowsky JG. Retrospective study of cervical arthrodesis in patients with various types of skeletal dysplasia. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2006;31:E169-E174.
21. Tredwell SJ, Newman DE, Lockitch G. Instability of the upper cervical spine in Down syndrome. J Pediatr Orthop. 1990;10: 602-606. (Pubitemid 20299343)
22. Locke GR, Gardner JI, Van Epps EF. Atlas-dens interval (ADI) in children: a survey based on 200 normal cervical spines. Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med. 1966;97:135-140.
23. Pueschel SM, Scola FH, Perry CD, et al. Atlanto-axial instability in children with Down syndrome. Pediatr Radiol. 1981; 10:129-132. (Pubitemid 11130273)
24. Hensinger RN. Osseous anomalies of the craniovertebral junction. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1986;11:323-333. (Pubitemid 16068432)