Preparation of short carbon fiber/polypropylene fine-celled foams in supercritical CO2

Journal of Cellular Plastics

Volumn 49, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 65-82

  Wang, Chuanbao ^a   Ying, Sanjiu ^a   Xiao, Zhenggang ^a  

^a NANJING UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY   (China)

Author keywords

composites; foam; Polypropylene; short carbon fiber; supercritical CO 2

Indexed keywords

BATCH-FOAMING PROCESS; BONDED INTERFACE; BUBBLE NUCLEATION; CELL DENSITY; CELL MORPHOLOGY; CELL SIZE DISTRIBUTION; CLOSED-CELL STRUCTURE; CRYSTALLINITIES; FIBERS CONTENT; MELT-COMPOUNDING; NUCLEATION SITES; PHYSICAL BLOWING AGENTS; POLYPROPYLENE MATRICES; SHORT CARBON FIBERS; SUPERCRITICAL CO; TWIN SCREW EXTRUDERS; UNIFORM DISPERSIONS;

BLOWING AGENTS; CARBON DIOXIDE; CARBON FIBER REINFORCED PLASTICS; CARBON FIBERS; CELLS; COMPOSITE MATERIALS; CYTOLOGY; POLYPROPYLENES; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; THERMOPLASTICS;

FOAMS;

CARBON DIOXIDE; CARBON FIBERS; CELLS; COMPOSITES; FOAM; POLYPROPYLENE; THERMOPLASTICS;

EID: 84871637748     PISSN: 0021955X     EISSN: 15307999     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0021955X12459642     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Lee ST Foam extrusion: Principles and practice. Florida: Technomic Publishing Company Inc,: PA ; 2000:
2. Okamoto KT Microcellular processing. Munich: Hanser ; 2003:
3. Huang HX, Wang JK. Improving polypropylene microcellular foaming through blending and the addition of nano-calcium carbonate. J Appl Polym Sci. 2007 ; 106: 505-513
4. Suh KW, Park CP, Maurer MJ, et al. Lightweight cellular plastics. Adv Mater. 2000 ; 12: 1779-1789 (Pubitemid 32090426)
5. 2 applications in the processing of polymers. Ind Eng Chem Res. 2003 ; 42: 6431-6456 (Pubitemid 37521271)
6. Kumar V. Microcellular polymers: novel materials for the 21st century. Cell Polym. 1993 ; 12: 207-223
7. Klempner D, Frisch KC Handbook of polymeric foams and foam technology. New York: Oxford University Press ; 1991:
8. Baldwin DF, Park CB, Suh DP. A microcellular processing study of poly(ethylene terephthalate) in the amorphous and semicrystalline states. Part I: Microcell nucleation. Polym Eng Sci. 1996 ; 36: 1437-1445 (Pubitemid 126594027)
9. Goel SK, Beckman EJ. Generation of microcellular polymeric foams using supercritical carbon dioxide. I: Effect of pressure and temperature on nucleation. Polym Eng Sci. 1994 ; 34: 1137-1147
10. Siripurapu S, Gay YJ, Royer JR, et al. Generation of microcellular foams of PVDF and its blends using supercritical carbon dioxide in a continuous process. Polymer. 2002 ; 43: 5511-5520
11. Naguib HE, Park CB, Panzer U, et al. Strategies for achieving ultra low-density polypropylene foams. Polym Eng Sci. 2002 ; 42: 1481-1492 (Pubitemid 34854368)
12. Zhai WT, Wang HY, Yu J, et al. Cell coalescence suppressed by crosslinking structure in polypropylene microcellular foaming. Polym Eng Sci. 2008 ; 48: 1312-1321
13. Zheng WG, Lee YH, Park CB. Use of nanoparticles for improving the foaming behaviors of linear PP. J Appl Polym Sci. 2010 ; 117: 2972-2979
14. Naguib HE, Park CB, Lee PC. Effect of talc content on the volume expansion ratio of extruded PP foams. J Cell Plast. 2003 ; 39: 499-511
15. Nam PH, Maiti P, Okamoto M, et al. Foam processing and cellular structure of polypropylene/clay nanocomposites. Polym Eng Sci. 2002 ; 42: 1907-1918 (Pubitemid 35236529)
16. Zhai WT, Wang HY, Yu J, et al. Foaming behavior of polypropylene/ polystyrene blends enhanced by improved interfacial compatibility. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys. 2008 ; 46: 1641-1651
17. Doroudiani S, Park CB, Kortschot MT. Processing and characterization of microcellular foamed high-density polyethylene/isotactic polypropylene blends. Polym Eng Sci. 1998 ; 38: 1205-1215 (Pubitemid 128603152)
18. Shen J, Zeng C, Lee LJ. Synthesis of polystyrene-carbon nanofibers nanocomposite foams. Polymer. 2005 ; 46: 5218-5224 (Pubitemid 40759065)
19. Rachtanapun P, Selke SEM, Matuana LM. Microcellular foam of polymer blends of HDPE/PP and their composites with wood fiber. J Appl Polym Sci. 2003 ; 88: 2842-2850 (Pubitemid 36442079)
20. Jung YC, Sahoo NG, Cho JW. Polymeric nanocomposites of polyurethane block copolymers and functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes as crosslinkers. Macromol Rapid Commun. 2006 ; 27: 126-131 (Pubitemid 43220968)
21. Dondero WE, Gorga RE. Morphological and mechanical properties of carbon nanotube/polymer composite via melt compounding. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys. 2006 ; 44: 864-878
22. 2 influenced by phase morphology via chain grafting. Polymer. 2008 ; 49: 3146-3156
23. Amash E, Zugenmaier P. Thermal and dynamic mechanical investigations on fiber-reinforced polypropylene composites. J Appl Polym Sci. 1997 ; 63: 1143-1154 (Pubitemid 127601564)
24. Kumar V, Suh NP. A process for making microcellular thermoplastic parts. Polym Eng Sci. 1990 ; 30: 1323-1329
25. Yu C, Wang Y, et al. Evaluating the foamability of polypropylene with nitrogen as the blowing agent. Polymer Test. 2011 ; 30: 887-892
26. Colton JS, Suh NP. Microcellular foams of semi-crystaline polymeric materials US Patent, 5160674.. 1992 ;:
27. Manchado MAL, Arroyo M. Thermal and dynamic mechanical properties of polypropylene and short organic fiber composites. Polymer. 2000 ; 41: 7761-7767 (Pubitemid 30428284)
28. Manchado MAL, Valentini L, Biagiotti J, et al. Thermal and mechanical properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes-polypropylene composites prepared by melt processing. Carbon. 2005 ; 43: 1499-1505 (Pubitemid 40584270)
29. Rezaei F, Yunus R, Ibrahim NA. Effect of fiber length on thermomechanical properties of short carbon fiber reinforced polypropylene composites. Mater Des. 2007 ; 30: 260-263
30. Collias DI, Baird DG, Borggreve RJM. Impact toughening of polycarbonate by microcellular foaming. Polymer. 1994 ; 35: 3978-3983
31. Matuana LM, Park CB, Balatinecz JJ. Cell morphology and property relationships of microcellular foamed pvc/wood-fiber composites. Polym Eng Sci. 1998 ; 38: 1862-1872 (Pubitemid 128599837)
32. Doroudiani S, Park CB, Korschot MT. Effect of the crystallinity and morphology on the microcellular foam structure of semicrystalline polymers. Polym Eng Sci. 1996 ; 36: 2645-2662 (Pubitemid 126675910)
33. Handa YP, Roovers J, Moulinié PJ. Gas transport properties of substituted peeks. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys. 1997 ; 35: 2355-2362 (Pubitemid 127609502)
34. 2-atmosphere. J Supercrit Fluids. 1999 ; 16: 81-92
35. 2: A very tunable way of controlling the cellular morphology. Polymer. 2010 ; 51: 3520-3531
36. Nawaby AV, Zhang Z Thermoplastic foam processing, principles and development. Gendron R, ed. New-Jersey: CRC Press ; 2004: 1-41.
37. Pantoula M, Panayiotou C. Sorption and swelling in glassy polymer/carbon dioxide systems: Part I. Sorption. J Supercrit Fluids. 2006 ; 37: 254-262
38. Li B, Zhu X, Hu GH, et al. Supercritical carbon dioxide-induced melting temperature depression and crystallization of syndiotactic polypropylene. Polym Eng Sci. 2008 ; 48: 1608-1614
39. 2 permeability and amorphous fractional free-volume in uniaxially drawn HDPE. J Polym Sci Part B Polym Phys. 1992 ; 30: 915-922
40. Matuana LM, Park CB, Balatinecz JJ. Processing and cell morphology relationships for microcellular foamed PVC/wood-fiber composites. Polym Eng Sci. 1997 ; 37: 1137-1147 (Pubitemid 127612943)
41. Acha BA, Reboredo MM, Marcovich NE. Creep and dynamic mechanical behavior of PP-jute composites: Effect of the interfacial adhesion. Compos Part A. 2007 ; 38: 1507-1516 (Pubitemid 46578307)
42. Jin L, Bower C, Zhou O. Alignment of carbon nanotubes in a polymer matrix by mechanical stretching. Appl Phys Lett. 1998 ; 73: 1197-1199 (Pubitemid 128671798)
43. Lips PAM, Velthoen IW, Dijkstra PJ, et al. Gas foaming of segmented poly (ester amide) films. Polymer. 2005 ; 46: 9396-9403 (Pubitemid 41393978)
44. Baldwin DF, Park CB, Suh NP. An extrusion system for the processing of microcellular polymer sheets: shaping and cell growth control. Polym Eng Sci. 1996 ; 36: 1446-1453
45. Chen LM, Ozisik R, Schadler LS. The influence of carbon nanotube aspect ratio on the foam morphology of MWNT/PMMA nanocomposite foams. Polymer. 2010 ; 51: 2368-2375
46. Xu ZM, Jiang XL, Liu T, et al. Foaming of polypropylene with supercritical carbon dioxide. J Supercrit Fluids. 2007 ; 41: 299-310 (Pubitemid 46551656)
47. Xu Q, Ren XW, Chang YN, et al. Generation of microcellular biodegradable polycaprolactone foams in supercritical carbon dioxide. J Appl Polym Sci. 2004 ; 94: 593-597 (Pubitemid 39253064)