Floodplain wetlands of the southeastern coastal plain

Wetland Habitats of North America: Ecology and Conservation Concerns

Volumn , Issue , 2012, Pages 253-266

  King, Sammy L ^a   Battaglia, Loretta L ^b   Hupp, Cliff R ^a   Keim, Richard F ^c   Lockaby, B Graeme ^d  

^a U S GEOLOGICAL SURVEY   (United States)

^b SOUTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c LOUISIANA STATE UNIVERSITY AGRICULTURAL CENTER   (United States)

^d AUBURN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84871554439     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (167)

1. Almquist BE, Jack SB, Messina MG. 2002. Variation of the treefall gap regime in a bottomland hardwood forest: relationships with microtopography. For. Ecol. Manage 157:155-63.
2. Anderson CJ, Lockaby BG. 2007. Soils and biogeochemistry of tidal freshwater forested wetlands. In Ecology of tidal freshwater forested wetlands of the southeastern United States, WH Conner, TW Doyle, KW Krauss, editors. The Netherlands: Springer, pp. 65-88.
3. Anderson DC, Wilson KR, et al. 2000. Movement patterns of riparian small mammals during predictable floodplain inundation. J. Mammal 81:1087-99.
4. Aslan A, Autin WJ. 1998. Holocene floodplain soil formation in the southern lower Mississippi Valley: implications for interpreting alluvial paleosols. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull 110:433-49.
5. Aust WM, Schoenholtz SH, et al. 1997. Recovery status of a tupelo-cypress wetland seven years after disturbance: silvicultural implications. For. Ecol. Manage 90:161-70.
6. Battaglia LL, Sharitz RR. 2005. Effects of natural disturbance on bottomland hardwood regeneration. In Ecology and management of bottomland hardwood systems: the state of our understanding, Fredrickson LH, King SL, Kaminski RM, editors. Puxico, MO: Univ. Missouri-Columbia, Gaylord Memorial Laboratory Special Publ. no. 10, pp. 121-36.
7. Battaglia LL, Collins BS, Sharitz RR. 2004a. Do published tolerance and dispersal factors predict species distributions in bottomland hardwood forests? For. Ecol. Manage. 198:15-30.
8. Battaglia LL, Collins BS, Weisenhorn PB. 2004b. Quercus michauxii regeneration in and around aging canopy gaps. Can. J. For. Res. 34:1359-64.
9. Battaglia LL, Sharitz RR, Minchin PR. 1999. Patterns of seedling and overstory composition along a gradient of hurricane disturbance in an old-growth bottomland hardwood community. Can. J. For. Res 29:144-56.
10. Batzli GO. 1977. Population dynamics of the white-footed mouse in floodplain and upland forests. Am. Midl. Nat 97:18-32.
11. Bennett WJ Jr, Saucier RT. 1988. Cultural resources survey: West Woodruff Water Association proposed route, Woodruff County, Arkansas. Nashville, AR: Archeol. Assess. Rep. no. 84.
12. Benson TJ, Anich NM, et al. 2009. Swainson's warbler nest-site selection in eastern Arkansas. Condor 111:694-705.
13. Biedenharn DS, Watson CC. 1998. Stage adjustments in the lower Mississippi River, USA. Regul. Riv.: Res. Manage 13:517-36.
14. Bodie JR, Semlitsch RD. 2000a. Spatial and temporal use of floodplain habitats by lentic and lotic species of turtles. Oecologia 122:138-46.
15. Bodie JR, Semlitsch RD. 2000b. Size-specific mortality and natural selection in freshwater turtles. Copeia 2000:732-39.
16. Bornette G, Amoros C, Rostan JC. 1996. River incision and vegetation dynamics in cut-off channels. Aquat. Sci 58:31-51.
17. Bornette G, Tabacchi E, et al. 2008. A model of plant strategies in fluvial hydrosystems. Freshw. Biol 53:1692-05.
18. Bowen LT, Moorman CE, Kilgo JC. 2007. Seasonal bird use of canopy gaps in a bottomland forest. Wilson J. Ornith 119:77-88.
19. Brantley CG, Platt SG. 2001. Canebrake conservation in the southeastern United States. Wildl. Soc. Bull 29:1175-81.
20. Brinson MM. 1990. Riverine forests. In Ecosystems of the world, 15: Forested wetlands, Lugo AE, Brinson M, Brown S, editors. New York: Elsevier, pp. 87-41.
21. Brinson MM. 1993. Changes in functioning of wetlands along an environmental gradient. Wetlands 13:65-74.
22. Buler JJ, Moore FR, Woltmann S. 2007. A multi-scale examination of stopover habitat use by birds. Ecology 88:1789-1802.
23. Burke MK, Chambers JL. 2003. Root dynamics in bottomland hardwood forests of the southeastern United States Coastal Plain. Plant and Soil 250:141-53.
24. Burke MK, Lockaby BG, Conner WH. 1999. Aboveground primary productivity and nutrient circulation across a flooding gradient in a South Carolina Coastal Plain forest. Can. J. For. Res 29:1402-18.
25. Chamberlain MJ, Leopold BD. 2003. Effects of a flood on relative abundance and diversity of small mammals in a regenerating bottomland hardwood forest. SW Natur 48:306-09.
26. Cirtain MC, Franklin SB, Pezeshki R. 2004. Effects of nitrogen and moisture regimes on Arundinaria gigantea (Walt.) Muhl. seedling growth. Natur. Areas J 24:251-57.
27. Cobb DT , Doerr PD. 1997. Eastern wild turkey reproduction in an area subjected to flooding. J. Wildl. Manage 61:313-17.
28. Collins BS, Battaglia LL . 2002. Microenvironmental heterogeneity and Quercus michauxii regeneration in experimental selection gaps. For. Ecol. Manage 155:279-90.
29. Conner WH, Buford MA. 1998. Southern deepwater swamps. In Southern forested wetlands: ecology and management, Messina MG, Conner WH, editors. Boca Raton, FL: Lewis Publ., pp. 263-89.
30. Conner WH, Day JW Jr. 1976. Productivity and composition of a baldcypress-water tupelo site and a bottomland hardwood site in a Louisiana swamp. Am. J. Bot 63:1354-64.
31. Cooper RJ, Wood LA , et al. 2009. Effects of timber harvest and other factors on a floodplain forest indicator species, the prothonotary warbler. Wetlands 29:574-85.
32. Dabel CV, Day FP. 1977. Structural comparisons of four plant communities in Great Dismal Swamp, Virginia. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 104:352-60.
33. Dahl TE . 2006. Status and trends of wetlands in the conterminous United States, 1998 to 2004. Washington, DC: USD I, Fish Wildl. Serv., Fisheries and Habitat Conservation.
34. Day FP, Megonigal JP. 1993. The relationship between variable hydroperiod, production allocation, and belowground organic turnover in forested wetlands. Wetlands 13:115-21.
35. Dennis W, Batson W. 1974. The floating log and stump communities in the Santee Swamp of South Carolina. Castanea 39:166-70.
36. Denslow JS, Battaglia LL . 2002. Stand composition and structure across a changing hydrologic gradient: Jean Lafitte National Park, Louisiana, USA . Wetlands 22:738-52.
37. Devall MS. 1990. Cat Island Swamp-window to a fading Louisiana ecology. For. Ecol. Manage. 33-34:303-14.
38. Dewey JC, Schoenholtz SH, et al. 2006. Issues related to wetland delineation of a Texas, USA bottomland hardwood forest. Wetlands 26:410-29.
39. Dunn MA, Farrish KW, Adams JC. 1999. Fertilization response in a natural bottomland hardwood stand in north-central Louisiana. For. Ecol. Manage 114:261-64.
40. Dundee HA, Rossman DA . 1989. The amphibians and reptiles of Louisiana. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State Univ. Press.
41. Dury G. 1977. Underfit streams: retrospect, perspect and prospect. In River channel changes, Gregory KJ, editor. New York: Wiley, pp. 281-93.
42. Elder JF. 1985. Nitrogen and phosphorus speciation and flux in a large Florida river-wetland system. Water Resour. Res. Bull 21:724-32.
43. Enfield DB, Mestas-Nuñez AM, Trimble PJ. 2001. The Atlantic multidecadal oscillation and its relation to rainfall and river flows in the continental U.S. Geophy. Res. Letters 28:2077-80.
44. Ernst CH, Ernst EM. 2003. Snakes of the United States and Canada. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Books.
45. Florsheim JL, Mount JF, Constantine CR. 2006. A geomorphic monitoring and adapative assessment framework to assess the effect of lowland floodplain river restoration on channel-floodplain sediment continuity. River Res. Applic 22:353-75.
46. Folk TH, Hepp GR. 2003. Effects of habitat use and movement patterns on incubation behavior of female wood ducks (Aix sponsa) in southeast Alabama. Auk 120:1159-67.
47. Fredrickson LH, Heitmeyer ME. 1988. Waterfowl use of forested wetlands of the southern United States: an overview. In Waterfowl in winter, MW Weller, editor. Minneapolis: Univ. Minnesota Press, pp. 307-23.
48. Gagnon PR. 2009. Fire in floodplain forests in the southeastern USA: insights from disturbance ecology of native bamboo. Wetlands 29:520-26.
49. Gagnon PR, Platt WJ, Moser EB. 2007. Response of a native bamboo [Arundinaria gigantea (Walt.) Muhl.] in a wind-disturbed forest. For. Ecol. Manage 241:288-94.
50. Giese LA B, Aust WM, et al. 2003. Biomass and carbon pools of disturbed riparian forests. For. Ecol. Manage 180:493-508.
51. Golladay SW, Hicks DW, Muenz TK. 2007. Stream flow changes associated with water use and climatic variation in the lower Flint River Basin, southwest Georgia. In Proceedings of the 2007 Georgia Water Conference, Rasmussen TC, Carroll GD, Georgakakos AP, editors. Athens: School Ecol., Univ. Georgia, pp. 479-82.
52. Gooding G, Langford JR. 2004. Characteristics of tree roosts of Rafinesque's big-eared bat and southeastern bat in northeastern Louisiana. SW Natur 49:61-67.
53. Gorham LE , King SL , Keeland BD, Mopper S. 2002. Effects of canopy gaps and flooding on homopterans in a bottomland hardwood forest. Wetlands 22:541-49.
54. Hack JT. 1960. Interpretation of erosional topography in humid temperate regions. Am. J. Sci 258:80-97.
55. Heitmeyer ME, Cooper RJ, et al. 2005. Ecological relationships of warmblooded vertebrates in bottomland hardwood ecosystems. In Ecology and management of bottomland hardwood systems: the state of our understanding, Fredrickson LH, King SL , Kaminski RM, editors. Puxico: Univ. Missouri-Columbia, Gaylord Mem. Lab. Special Publ. no. 10, pp. 281-306.
56. Hightower DA , Wagner RO, Pace RM III. 2002. Denning ecology of female American black bears in south central Louisiana. Ursus 13:11-17.
57. Hoover JJ, Kilgore KJ. 1998. Fish communities. In Southern forested wetlands: ecology and management, Messina MG, Conner WH, editors. Boca Raton, FL: Lewis Publ., pp. 237-60.
58. Horne BD, Brauman RJ, et al. 2003. Reproductive and nesting ecology of the yellow-blotched map turtle, Graptemys flavimaculata: implications for conservation and management. Copeia 2003:729-38.
59. Hunt CB. 1967. Physiography of the United States. San Francisco: WH Freeman.
60. Hupp CR. 2000. Hydrology, geomorphology, and vegetation of Coastal Plain rivers in the southeastern United States. Hydrol. Processes 14:2991-3010.
61. Hupp CR, Walbridge MR, Lockaby BG. 2005. Fluvial geomorphic processes and landforms, water quality, and nutrients in bottomland hardwood forests of southeastern USA . In Ecology and management of bottomland hardwood systems: the state of our understanding, Fredrickson LH, King SL , Kaminski RM, editors. Puxico: Univ. Missouri-Columbia, Gaylord Mem. Lab. Special Publ. no. 10, pp. 37-55.
62. Hupp CR, Demas CR, et al. 2008. Recent sedimentation patterns within the central Atchafalya Basin, Louisiana. Wetlands 28:125-40.
63. Hupp, CR, Pierce AR, et al. 2009. Floodplain geomorphic processes and environmental impacts of human alteration along Coastal Plain rivers, USA . Wetlands 29:413-429.
64. Hupp CR, Schenk ER, et al. 2009. Bank erosion along the damregulated lower Roanoke River, North Carolina. In Management and restoration of fluvial systems with broad historical changes and human impacts, Geological Society of America Special Paper 451, James LA , Rathburn SL , Whitecar GR, editors. Geological Society of America, pp. 97-108.
65. Jackson CR, Martin JK, et al. 2005. A southeastern Piedmont watershed sediment budget: evidence for a multi-millenial agricultural legacy. J. Soil Water Conserv 60:298-310.
66. Jackson DC. 2005. Fisheries dynamics in temperate floodplain rivers. In Ecology and management of bottomland hardwood systems: the state of our understanding, Fredrickson LH, King SL , Kaminski RM, editors. Puxico: Univ. Missouri-Columbia, Gaylord Mem. Lab. Special Publ. no. 10, pp. 202-12.
67. Jianbang, G, Miller JH, et al. 2009. Invasion of tallow tree into southern US forests: influencing factors and implications for mitigation. Can. J. For. Res 39:1346-56.
68. Jolley DB, Ditchkoff SS , et al. 2010. Estimate of herpetofauna depredation by a population of wild pigs. J. Mammal 91:519-24.
69. Jones JC, Taylor JD II. 2005. Herpetofauna communities in temperate river floodplain ecosystems of the southeastern United States. In Ecology and management of bottomland hardwood systems: the state of our understanding, Fredrickson LH, King SL , Kaminski RM, editors. Puxico: Univ. Missouri-Columbia, Gaylord Mem. Lab. Special Publ. no. 10, pp. 235-37.
70. Jones KL, GC Poole, et al. 2008. Surface hydrology of low-relief landscapes: assessing surface water flow impedance using LIDA R-derived digital elevation models. Remote Sens. Env 112:4148-58.
71. Jones RH. 1981. A classification of lowland forests in the northern Coastal Plain of South Carolina. MS thesis, Clemson Univ.
72. Junk WJ, Bailey PB, Sparks RE. 1989. The flood-pulse concept in river floodplain systems. Can. Special Publ. Fish. Aquat. Sci 106:110-27.
73. Kaller MD, Kelso WE. 2006. Swine activity alters invertebrate and microbial communities in a Coastal Plain watershed. Am. Midl. Nat 156:163-77.
74. Keeland BD, Sharitz RR. 1995. Season growth patterns of Nyssa sylvatica var biflora, Nyssa aquatica, and Taxodium distichum as affected by hydrologic regime. Can. J. For. Res 25:1084-96.
75. Kellison RC, Young MJ, et al. 1998. Major alluvial floodplains. In Southern forested wetlands: ecology and management, Messina MG, Conner WH, editors. Boca Raton, FL: Lewis Publ., pp. 291-323.
76. Kelly MH, Gore JA. 2008. Florida river flow patterns and the Atlantic multidecadal oscillation. Riv. Res. Appl 24:598-616.
77. King SL, Twedt DJ, Wilson RR. 2006. The role of the Wetland Reserve Program in conservation efforts in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley. Wildl. Soc. Bull 34:914-20.
78. King SL, Sharitz RR, et al. 2009. The ecology, restoration, and management of southeastern floodplain ecosystems: a synthesis. Wetlands 29:624-34.
79. King SL, Shepard JP, et al. 2005. Bottomland hardwood forests: past, present, and future. In Ecology and management of bottomland hardwood systems: the state of our understanding, Fredrickson LH, King SL, Kaminski RM, editors. Puxico: Univ. Missouri -Columbia, Gaylord Mem. Lab. Special Publ. no. 10, pp. 1-17.
80. Kroes DE, Brinson MM. 2004. Occurrence of riverine wetlands on floodplains along a climatic gradient. Wetlands 24:167-77.
81. Lal H, Delgado JA, et al. 2009. Market-based approaches and tools for improving water and air quality. Env. Sci. Policy 12:1028-39.
82. Lamb T, Gaul RW Jr, et al. 1998. A herptofaunal inventory of the lower Roanoke River floodplain. J. Elisha Mitchell Soc 114:43-55.
83. Lichtenberg JS, King SL, et al. 2006. Habitat associations of chorusing anurans in the lower Mississippi River Alluvial Valley. Wetlands 26:736-44.
84. Lockaby BG, Thornton FC, et al. 1994. Ecological responses of an oligothrophic floodplain forest to harvesting. J. Env. Qual 23:901-06.
85. Lockaby BG, Wheat RS, Clawson RG. 1996. Influence of hydroperiod on conversion of litter to SOM in a floodplain forest. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J 60:1989-93.
86. Lockaby BG, Walbridge MR. 1998. Biogeochemistry. In Southern forested wetlands: ecology and management, Messina MG, Conner WH, editors. Boca Ratonm FL: Lewis Publ., pp. 149-72.
87. Lockaby BG, Conner WH, Mitchell J. 2008. Floodplains. In Encyclopedia of ecology, vol. 2: Ecosystems, Jorgensen SE, Fath BD, editors. Oxford: Elsevier, pp. 1616-26.
88. Lockaby BG, Stanturf JS, Messina M. 1997. Harvesting impacts on functions of forested floodplains: a review of existing reports. For. Ecol. Manage 90:93-100.
89. Lower Mississippi Valley Joint Venture Forest Resource Conservation Working Group (LMVJV). 2007. Restoration, management, and monitoring of forest resources in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley: Recommendations for enhancing wildlife habitat. Wilson R, Ribbeck K, King SL, Twedt D, eds.
90. Lowery, GH Jr. 1974. The mammals of Louisiana and adjacent waters. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State Univ. Press.
91. Mann LE, Harcombe PA, et al. 2008. The trade-off between floodand shade-tolerance: a mortality episode in Carpinus caroliniana in a floodplain forest, Texas. J. Veg. Sci 19:739-46.
92. Marks PL, Harcombe PA. 1981. Forest vegetation of the Big Thicket, southeast Texas. Ecol. Monogr 51:287-305.
93. McLane CR. 2009. Evaluating exotic species assemblages across a chronosequence of restored floodplain forests. MS thesis, Southern Illinois Univ., Carbondale.
94. Megonigal JP, Day FP. 1992. Effects of flooding on root and shoot production of bald cypress in large experimental enclosures. Ecology 73:1182-93.
95. Meitzen KM. 2009. Lateral channel migration effects on riparian forest structure and composition, Congaree River, South Carolina, USA. Wetlands 29:465-75.
96. Mertes LAK. 1997. Documentation and significance of the perirheic zone on inundation in floodplains. Water Resour. Res.33:1749-62.
97. Mitsch WJ, Day JW Jr. 2006. Restoration of wetlands in the Mississippi-Ohio-Missouri (MOM) River Basin: experience and needed research. Ecol. Engin 26:55-69.
98. Muller RA, Grymes JM III. 1998. Regional climates. In Southern forested wetlands: ecology and management, Messina MG, Conner WH, editors. Boca Raton, FL: Lewis Publ., pp. 87-101.
99. Nelson JL, Ruffner CM, et al. 2008. Drainage and agriculture impacts on fire frequency in a southern Illinois forested bottomland. Can. J. For. Res 38:2932-41.
100. Newman AE. 2010. Water and solute transport in the shallow subsurface of a riverine wetland natural levee. MS thesis, Louisiana State Univ., Baton Rouge.
101. Nielsen CLR, Gates RJ. 2007. Reduced nest predation of cavitynesting wood ducks during flooding in a bottomland hardwood forest. Condor 109:210-15.
102. Oliver WLR, Brisbin IL. 1993. Introduced and feral pigs: problems, policy and priorities. In Pigs, peccaries and hippos: status survey and action plan, Oliver WLR, editor. Electronic file. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN, pp. 269-86.
103. Opperman JJ, Galloway GE, et al. 2009. Sustainable floodplains through large-scale reconnection to rivers. Science 326:1487-88.
104. Opperman JJ, Luster, R, et al. 2010. Ecologically functional floodplains: connectivity, flow regime, and scale. J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc 46:211-26.
105. Osterkamp WR, Hedman ER. 1977. Variation of width and discharge for natural high-gradient stream channels. Water Resour. Res 13:256-58.
106. Osterkamp WR, Hupp CR. 1984. Geomorphic and vegetative characteristics along three northern Virginia streams. Bull. Geol. Soc. Am 95:501-13.
107. Pashley DN, Barrow WC. 1993. Effects of land use practices on neotropical migratory birds in bottomland hardwood forests. In Status and management of neotropical migratory birds, Finch DM, Stangel PW, editors. Washington, DC: USFS Gen. Tech. Rep. RM-229, pp. 315-20.
108. Patrick R. 1995. Rivers of the United States, vol. 2: Chemical and physical characteristics. New York: Wiley.
109. Petranka JW. 1998. Salamanders of the United States and Canada. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Inst. Press.
110. Petts GE, Gurnell AM. 2005. Dams and geomorphology: research progress and future directions. Geomorphology 71:27-47.
111. Pierce AR, King SL. 2007. The influence of valley plugs in channelized streams on floodplain sedimentation dynamics over the last century. Wetlands 27:631-43.
112. Poff NL, Zimmerman JKH. 2010. Ecological responses to altered flow regimes: a literature review to inform the science and management of environmental flows. Freshw. Biol 55:194-205.
113. Poff NL, Richter BD, et al. 2010. The ecological limits of hydrological alteration (ELOHA): a new framework for developing regional environmental flow standards. Freshw. Biol 55:147-70.
114. Prugh LR, Stoner CJ, et al. 2009. The rise of the mesopredator. Bioscience 59:779-90.
115. Putz FE, Sharitz RR. 1991. Hurricane damage to old-growth forest in Congaree Swamp National Monument, South Carolina, U.S.A. Can. J. For. Res 21:1765-70.
116. Richardson CJ, Rating R, et al. 2006. Restoration of hydrologic and biogeochemical functions in bottomland hardwoods. In Hydrology and management of forested watersheds: proceedings of the international conference, Amayta D, editor. New Bern, NC: Am. Soc. Agri. Biol. Engin., pp. 150-57.
117. Ritchie EG, Johnson CN. 2009. Predator interactions, mesopredator release, and biodiversity conservation. Ecol. Letters 12:982-98.
118. Robertson JM, Augspurger CK. 1999. Geomorphic processes and spatial patterns of primary forest succession on the Bogue Chitto River, USA. J. Ecol 87:1052-63.
119. Robertson PA, Weaver GT, Cavanaugh JA. 1978. Vegetation and tree species patterns near the northern terminus of the southern floodplain forest. Ecol. Monogr 48:249-67.
120. Robinson SK, Thompson FR III, et al. 1995. Regional forest fragmentation and the nesting success of migratory birds. Science 267:1987-90.
121. Sabo MJ, Kelso WE, et al. 1991. Physiochemical factors affecting larval fish densities in Mississippi River floodplain ponds, Louisiana (U.S.A.). Regul. Riv.: Res. Manage 6:109-16.
122. Sallabanks R, Walters JR, Collazo JA. 2000. Breeding bird abundance in bottomland hardwood forests: habitat, edge, and patch size effects. Condor 102:748-58.
123. Scharine PD, Nielsen CK, et al. 2009. Swamp rabbits in floodplain ecosystems: influence of landscape- and stand-level habitat on relative abundance. Wetlands 29:615-23.
124. Schilling E, Lockaby BG. 2005. Microsite influences on productivity and nutrient circulation within two southeastern floodplain forests. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J 69:1185-95.
125. Schilling EB, Lockaby BG. 2006. Relationships between productivity and nutrient circulation within two contrasting floodplain forests. Wetlands 26:181-92.
126. Schmutz S, Kaufmann M, et al. 2000. A multi-level concept for fish-based, river-type-specific assessment of ecological integrity. Hydrobiologia 422/423:279-89.
127. Schoonover JS, Lockaby BG. 2006. Land cover impacts on stream nutrients and fecal coliform in the lower Piedmont of west Georgia. J. Hydrol 331:371-82.
128. Schramm HL, Cox MS et al. 2009. Nutrient dynamics in the lower Mississippi River floodplain: comparing present and historic hydrologic conditions. Wetlands 29:476-87.
129. Schumm SA, Parker RS. 1973. Implications of complex response of drainage systems for Quaternary alluvial stratigraphy. Nature 243:99-100.
130. Schweizer PE, Matlack GR. 2005. Annual variation in fish assemblages of watersheds with stable and changing land use. Am. Midl. Natur 153:293-308.
131. Semlitsch RD. 2005. Management of amphibians in floodplain wetlands: importance of local population and landscape processes. In Ecology and management of bottomland hardwood systems:the state of our understanding, Fredrickson LH, King SL ,Kaminski RM, editors. Puxico, MO: Univ. Missouri-Columbia,Gaylord Memorial Laboratory Special Publ. no. 10, pp. 259-71.
132. Sexton OJ, Drda WJ, et al. 2007. The effects of flooding upon the snake fauna of an isolated refuge. Natur. Areas J 27:133-44.
133. Shankman D. 1996. Stream channelization and changing vegetation patterns in the U.S. Coastal Plain. Geogr. Rev 86:216-32.
134. Sharitz RR, Mitsch WJ. 1993. Southern floodplain forests. In Biodiversity of the southeastern United States: lowland terrestrial communities, Martin WH, Boyce SG, Esternacht AC, editors. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., pp. 311-72.
135. Sharitz RR, Pennings SC. 2006. Development of wetland plant communities. InEcology of freshwater and estuarine wetlands, Batzer DP, Sharitz RR, editors. Berkeley: Univ. Calif. Press, pp. 177-241.
136. Sharitz RR, Schneider RL, Lee LC. 1990. Composition and regeneration of a disturbed river floodplain forest in South Carolina. In Ecological processes and cumulative impacts: illustrated by bottomland hardwood ecosystems, Gosselink JG, Lee LC, Muir TA, editors. Chelsea, MI: Lewis Publ., pp. 195-218.
137. Siemann E, Carrillo JA, et al. 2009. Experimental test of the impacts of feral hogs on forest dynamics and processes in the southeastern U.S. For. Ecol. Manage 258:546-53.
138. Simon A, Hupp CR. 1987. Geomorphic and vegetative recovery processes along modified Tennessee streams: an interdisciplinary approach to disturbed fluvial systems. Proc. For. Hydrol. Watershed Manage. Symp. Publ 167:251-61.
139. Simon A, Hupp CR. 1992. Geomorphic and vegetative recovery processes along modified stream channels of West Tennessee. USGS Open-File Report, vol. 91-502.
140. Snodgrass JW, Meffe GK. 1999. Habitat use and temporal dynamics of blackwater stream fishes in and adjacent to beaver ponds. Copeia 1999:628-39.
141. Stanturf JA, Schoenholtz SH. 1998. Soils and landforms. In Southern forested wetlands: ecology and management, Messina MG, Conner WH, editors. Boca Raton, FL: Lewis Publ., pp. 123-47.
142. Steiger J, Tabacchi E, et al. 2005. Hydrogeomorphic processes affecting riparian habitat within alluvial channel-floodplain river systems: a review for the temperate zone. Riv. Res. Appl 21:719-37.
143. Stoeckel DM, Miller-Goodman MS. 2001. Seasonal nutrient dynamics of forested floodplain soil influenced by microtopography and depth. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J 65:922-31.
144. Streng DR, Glitzenstein JS, Harcombe PA. 1989. Woody seedling dynamics in an east Texas floodplain forest. Ecol. Monogr 59:177-204.
145. Sun G, McNutly SG, et al. 2001. Effects of timber management on the hydrology of wetland forests in southern United States. For. Ecol. Manage 143:227-36.
146. Swift CC, Gilbert CR, et al. 1986. Zoogeography of the freshwater fishes of the southeastern United States: Savannah River to Lake Pontchartrain. In The zoogeography of North American freshwater fishes, Hocutt CH, Wiley EO, editors. New York: John Wiley and Sons, pp. 213-65.
147. Thieret JW. 1971. Quadrat study of a bottomland forest in St. Martin Parish, Louisiana. Castanea 36:174-81.
148. Thomas JR, Gibson DJ, Middleton BA. 2005. Water dispersal of vegetative bulbils of the invasive exotic Dioscorea oppositifolia in southern Illinois. J. Torrey Bot. Soc 132:187-96.
149. Tockner K, Malard F, Ward JV. 2000. An extension of the floodpulse concept. Hydrol. Processes 14:2861-83.
150. Townsend PA, Butler DR. 1996. Patterns of landscape use by beaver on the lower Roanoke River floodplain, North Carolina. Phys. Geogr 17:253-69.
151. Tucker JK, Janzen FJ, Paukstis GL. 1997. Responses of embryos of the red-eared turtle (Trachemys scripta elegans) to experimental exposure to water-saturated substrates. Chelonian Conserv. Biol 2:345-51.
152. Twedt DJ, Nelms CO. 1999. Waterfowl density on agricultural fields managed to retain water in winter. Wildl. Soc. Bull 27:924-30.
153. Twedt DJ, Wilson RR. 2007. Management of bottomland forests for birds. In Proc. Louisiana Natur. Resour. Symp., Shupe TF, editor. Baton Rouge LA: LSU AgCenter, pp. 49-64.
154. Twedt DJ, Nelms CO, et al. 1998. Shorebird use of managed wetlands in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley. Am. Midl. Natur 140:140-52.
155. USDA Plants Database. http://plants.usda.gov/ (accession date August 24, 2010).
156. Van Geest GJ, Wolters H, et al. 2005. Water-level fluctuations affect macrophyte richness in floodplain lakes. Hydrobiologia 539:239-48.
157. Wall DP, Darwin SP. 1999. Vegetation and elevational gradients within a bottomland hardwood forest of southeastern Louisiana. Am. Midl. Nat 142:17-30.
158. Walton R, Davis JE, et al. 1996. Hydrology of the black swamp wetlands on the Cache River, Arkansas. Wetlands 16:279-87.
159. Wang Z. 1996. Effects of harvesting intensity on water quality, nitrogen mineralization and litter decomposition in a bottomland hardwood floodplain forest in southeastern Texas. Ph.D. diss., Mississippi State Univ.
160. Weijters MJ, Janse JH, et al. 2009. Quantifying the effect of catchment land use and water nutrient concentrations on freshwater river and stream biodiversity. Aquat. Conserv.: Marine Freshw. Ecosys 19:104-12.
161. Wharton CH, Kitchens WM, et al. 1982. The ecology of bottomland hardwood swamps of the southeast: a community profile. Washington, DC: USDI FWS, FWS/OBS-81/37.
162. White DA. 1983. Plant communities of the Lower Pearl River Basin, Louisiana. Am. Midl. Nat 110:381-96.
163. Whiting PJ. 2002. Streamflow necessary for environmental maintenance.Annu. Rev. Earth Planet Sci 30:181-206.
164. Williams TM. 1998. Hydrology. In Southern forested wetlands: ecology and management, Messina MG, Conner WH, editors. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, pp. 103-22.
165. Wilson R, Ribbeck K, et al. eds. 2007. Restoration, management, and monitoring of forest resources in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley: recommendations for enhancing wildlife habitat. Vicksburg, MS: Lower Mississippi Valley Joint Venture.
166. Winemiller KO, Tarim S, et al. 2000. Fish assemblage structure in relation to environmental variation among Brazos River oxbow lakes. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc 129:451-68.
167. Zhao DH, Allen B, Sharitz RR. 2006. Twelve year response of oldgrowth southeastern bottomland hardwood forests to disturbance from Hurricane Hugo. Can. J. For. Res 36:3136-47.