Land security and the challenges of realizing the human right to water and sanitation in the slums of Mumbai, India

Health and Human Rights

Volumn 14, Issue 2, 2012, Pages

  Murthy, Sharmila L ^a  

^a HARVARD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; HUMAN; HUMAN RIGHTS; INDIA; LEGAL ASPECT; POVERTY; SANITATION; WATER QUALITY; WATER SUPPLY; LEGISLATION AND JURISPRUDENCE;

HUMAN RIGHTS; HUMANS; INDIA; POVERTY AREAS; SANITATION; WATER QUALITY; WATER SUPPLY;

EID: 84871502018     PISSN: 10790969     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Note

References (108)

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5. Ibid., p. 37.
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18. Ibid., pp. 2, 3, 7.
19. Karn and Harada (see note 10), p. 270.
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22. Karn and Harada (see note 10), p. 270.
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24. Ibid., p. 26.
25. Ibid., pp. 12-14.
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28. Ibid., pp. 13-15.
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31. Giovannetti (see note 1), p. 5
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33. Unger and Riley (see note 24), p.1562.
34. Ibid., pp. 1563.
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47. For a discussion of some of the seminal cases, including Olga Tellis v. Bombay Mun. Corp., A.I.R. 1986 S.C. 180.
48. M. Khosla (see note 37), pp. 746-749.
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50. Khosla (see note 37), p.749.
51. Ahmedabad (see note 38).
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55. This article does not attempt to address questions of differential access between slums and other neighborhoods. Moreover, it does not discuss the challenges associated with constructing block toilets or other sanitation facilities, such as through the Mumbai Slum Sanitation Program.
56. World Bank (see note 22).
57. McFarlane (see note 16).
58. Subbaraman et al. (see note 17), p. 645.
59. Ibid., p. 37.
60. Burra, (see note 1), p.69.
61. Ibid., p. 70.
62. Suresh et al. (see note 2).
63. Mukhija (see note 31), p. 796.
64. Ibid., p. 795.
65. Burra (see note 1), p. 71.
66. Mukhija (see note 31) pp. 796-801.
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70. Giovannetti (see note 1), p. 14.
71. Burra (see note 1), p. 70.
72. Suresh et al. (see note 2), p. 39.
73. C. Lewis, "Slum Rehab Cut-off Now 2000," The Times of India (June 18, 2009). Available at http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-06-18/mumbai/28157171_1_cut-off-date-slum-rehabilitation-authority-winter-session.
74. Suresh et al. (see note 2), p. 47.
75. PIB (see note 55).
76. Slum Areas Act, sections 3X-3Z.
77. Development Control Rules with Amendments as of 2012 (hereinafter "DCR"), Rule 33(10) and Appendix IV. Available at http://www.scribd.com/doc/94273648/Development-Control-Rules-DCRWith-amendments-as-of-2012.
78. Burra (see note 1), p. 88.
79. Suresh et al. (see note 2), pp. 8-32.
80. Ibid., pp. 8+32-33+57.
81. DCR (see note 64), Rule 33(9)(A), Rule 33(10)(A) and Appendix XXIV; DNA Correspondent, "Current dwellers of pre-1995 slums eligible for rehabilitation: Govt," Daily News & Analysis (January 3, 2012). Available at http://www.dnaindia.com/mumbai/ report_current-dwellers-of-pre-1995-slums-eligible-for-rehabilitation-govt_1632622.
82. Janhit Manch and Bhagvanji v. The State of Maharashtra (November 2006, Bombay High Court). Available at http://www.indiankanoon.org/doc/129208/.
83. Lewis (see note 59).
84. R. Deshmukh, "Government nod for sale, transfer of slums prior to 2000," MumbaiMirror.com (November 4, 2008). Available at http://www.mumbaimirror.com/article/2/200811042008110405305 04837333d26/Govt-nod-for-sale-transfer-of-slumsprior- to-2000.html.
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86. Ashar (see note 5).
87. Slum Areas Act (see note 62), section 4. The Water Charges Rules are promulgated under the Mumbai Municipal Corporation Act. In that act, the phrase "notify" is used in several different clauses, and each time, it also refers to the process of placing a publication the Official Gazette.
88. Government of Maharashtra, India, Maharashtra Slum Areas (Improvement, Clearance and Redevelopment) Act, 1971, section 4.
89. In this interpretation of the Slum Areas Act, I disagree with Hohmann, who writes in her otherwise excellent article that "the Slum Areas Act protects only those informal dwellers who have lived in their dwellings continuously since before the legislatively stipulated cut-off date.
90. Hohmann (see note 24), p. 161.
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97. A Suresh et al. (see note 2), pp. 38-40.
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