Detection of feline coronavirus in cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) feces by reverse transcription-nested polymerase chain reaction in cheetahs with variable frequency of viral shedding

Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine

Volumn 43, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 776-786

  Gaffney, Patricia M ^a   Kennedy, Melissa ^b   Terio, Karen ^a,c   Gardner, Ian ^a,d   Lothamer, Chad ^b   Coleman, Kathleen ^b   Munson, Linda ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA CHAMPAIGN   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND   (Canada)

Author keywords

Acinonyx jubatus; cheetah; feces; feline coronavirus; feline infectious peritonitis virus; reverse transcription nested polymerase chain reaction; shedding

Indexed keywords

VIRUS RNA;

ANIMAL; ANIMAL DISEASE; ARTICLE; CHEETAH; CORONAVIRUS; FECES; FEMALE; ISOLATION AND PURIFICATION; MALE; METHODOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; VIROLOGY; VIRUS SHEDDING;

ACINONYX; ANIMALS; CORONAVIRUS, FELINE; FECES; FEMALE; MALE; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; RNA, VIRAL; VIRUS SHEDDING;

ACINONYX JUBATUS; ANIMALIA; FELIDAE; FELINE CORONAVIRUS; FELINE INFECTIOUS PERITONITIS VIRUS;

EID: 84871481711     PISSN: 10427260     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1638/2011-0110R1.1     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. Addie, D. D., and O. Jarrett. 2001. Use of a reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for monitoring the shedding of feline coronavirus by healthy cats. Vet. Rec. 148: 649-653.
2. Brown, E.W., R. A. Olmsted, and J. S. Martenson. 1993. Exposure to FIV and FIPV in wild and captive cheetahs. Zoo Biol. 12: 135-142.
3. Brown, M. A., J. L. Troyer, J. Pecon-Slattery, M. E. Roelke, and S. J. O'Brien. 2009. Genetics and pathogenesis of feline infectious peritonitis virus. Emerg. Infect. Dis. 15: 1445-1452.
4. Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora. 2009. Appendices I, II, and III. www.cites.org/eng/app/appendices.php. Accessed 20 May 2011.
5. Evermann, J. F., G. Burns, M. E. Roelke, A. J. McKeirnan, A. Greenlee, A. C. Ward, and M. L. Pfeifer. 1984. Diagnostic features of an epizootic of feline infectious peritonitis virus in captive cheetahs. Am. Assoc. Vet. Lab. Diagn. 26: 365-382.
6. Evermann, J. F., J. L. Heeney, M. E. Roelke, A. J. McKeirnan, and S. J. O'Brien. 1988. Biological and pathological consequences of feline infectious peritonitis virus infection in the cheetah. Arch. Virol. 102: 155-171.
7. Evermann, J. F., M. K. Laurenson, and A. J. McKeirnan. 1993. Infectious disease surveillance in captive and free-living cheetah: an integral part of the Species Survival Plan. Zoo Biol. 12: 125-133.
8. Evermann, J. F., M. E. Roelke, and M. B. Briggs. 1986. Feline coronavirus infections of cheetahs. Fel. Pract. 16: 21-30.
9. Foley, J. E., A. Poland, J. Carlson, and N. C. Pedersen. 1997. Patterns of feline coronavirus infection and fecal shedding from cats in multiple-cat environments. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 210: 1307-1312.
10. Foley, J. E., A. Poland, J. Carlson, and N. C. Pedersen. 1997. Risk factors for feline infectious peritonitis among cats in multiple-cat environments with endemic feline enteric coronavirus. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 210: 1313-1318.
11. Harpold, L. M., A. M. Legendre, M. A. Kennedy, P. J. Plummer, K. Millsaps, and B. Rohrbach. 1999. Fecal shedding of feline coronavirus in adult cats and kittens in an Abyssinian cattery. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 215: 948-951.
12. Herrewegh, A. A., R. J. de Groot, A. Cepica, H. F. Egberink, M. C. Horzinek, and P. J. Rottier. 1995. Detection of feline coronavirus RNA in feces, tissues, and body fluids of naturally infected cats by reverse transcriptase PCR. J. Clin. Microbiol. 33: 684-689.
13. Herrewegh, A. A., M. Mahler, H. J. Hedrich, B. L. Haagmans, H. F. Egberink, M. C. Horzinek, P. J. Rottier, and R. J. de Groot. 1997. Persistence and evolution of feline coronavirus in a closed cat-breeding colony. Virology 234: 349-363.
14. Kennedy, M., K. Brenneman, R. K. Millsaps, J. Black, and L. N. Potgieter. 1998. Correlation of genomic detection of feline coronavirus with various diagnostic assays for feline infectious peritonitis. J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. 10: 93-97.
15. Kennedy, M., S. Citino, T. Dolorico, A. H. McNabb, A. S. Moffat, and S. Kania. 2001. Detection of feline coronavirus infection in captive cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) by polymerase chain reaction. J. Zoo Wildl. Med. 32: 25-30.
16. Kennedy, M., S. Citino, A. H. McNabb, A. S. Moffatt, K. Gertz, and S. Kania. 2002. Detection of feline coronavirus in captive Felidae in the USA. J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. 14: 520-522.
17. Kennedy, M., E. Moore, R. P. Wilkes, S. B. Citino, and S. A. Kania. 2006. Analysis of genetic mutations in the 7a7b open reading frame of coronavirus of cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus). Am. J. Vet. Res. 67: 627-632.
18. Kipar, A., J. Kremendahl, D. D. Addie, W. Leukert, C. K. Grant, and M. Reinacher. 1998. Fatal enteritis associated with coronavirus infection in cats. J. Comp. Pathol. 119: 1-14.
19. Kipar, A., H. May, S. Menger, M. Weber, W. Leukert, and M. Reinacher. 2005. Morphologic features and development of granulomatous vasculitis in feline infectious peritonitis. Vet. Pathol. 42: 321-330.
20. Kipar, A., M. L. Meli, K. E. Baptiste, L. J. Bowker, and H. Lutz. 2010. Sites of feline coronavirus persistence in healthy cats. J. Gen. Virol. 91: 1698-1707.
21. Lindburg, D. G., B. S. Durrant, S. E. Millard, and J. E. Oosterhuis. 1993. Fertility assessment of cheetah males with poor quality semen. Zoo Biol. 12: 97-103.
22. Marker, L., and J. Grisham. 1993. Captive breeding of cheetahs in North American zoos: 1987-1991. Zoo Biol. 12: 5-18.
23. Marker, L., and D. Kraus. 1995. The Namibian free-ranging cheetah. Environ. Conserv. 21: 369-370.
24. Marker, L., D. Kraus, D. Barnett, and S. Hurlbut. 1996. Cheetah survival on Namibian farmlands. Cheetah Conservation Fund, Windhoek, Namibia. Pp. 1-86.
25. Menotti-Raymond, M., and S. J. O'Brien. 1993. Dating the genetic bottleneck of the African cheetah. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90: 3172-3176.
26. Mochizuki, M., N. Osawa, and T. Ishida. 1999. Feline coronavirus participation in diarrhea of cats. J. Vet. Med. Sci. 61: 1071-1073.
27. Munson, L. 1993. Diseases of captive cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus): results of the cheetah research council pathology survey, 1989-1992. Zoo Biol. 12: 105-124.
28. Munson, L., and S. Citino. 2005. Major health concerns of cheetahs. Infectious diseases: feline enteric coronavirus/feline infectious peritonitis virus. AZA Cheetah SSP Disease Management Workshop, Yulee, Florida. Pp. 18-20.
29. Munson, L., K. A. Terio, M.Worley, M. Jago, A. Bagot-Smith, and L. Marker. 2005. Extrinsic factors significantly affect patterns of disease in free-ranging and captive cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) populations. J. Wildl. Dis. 41: 542-548.
30. O'Brien, S. J., M. E. Roelke, L. Marker, A. Newman, C. A. Winkler, D. Meltzer, L. Colly, J. F. Evermann, M. Bush, and D. E. Wildt. 1985. Genetic basis for species vulnerability in the cheetah. Science 227: 1428-1434.
31. O'Brien, S. J., D. E. Wildt, M. Bush, T. M. Caro, C. FitzGibbon, I. Aggundey, and R. E. Leakey. 1987. East African cheetahs: evidence for two population bottlenecks? Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84: 508-511.
32. Pedersen, N. C., C. E. Allen, and L. A. Lyons. 2008. Pathogenesis of feline enteric coronavirus infection. J. Feline Med. Surg. 10: 529-541.
33. Pedersen, N. C., J. W. Black, J. F. Boyle, J. F. Evermann, A. J. McKeirnan, and R. L. Ott. 1984. Pathogenic differences between various feline coronavirus isolates. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol. 173: 365-380.
34. Pedersen, N. C., J. F. Boyle, K. Floyd, A. Fudge, and J. Barker. 1981. An enteric coronavirus infection of cats and its relationship to feline infectious peritonitis. Am. J. Vet. Res. 42: 368-377.
35. Pedersen, N. C., R. Sato, J. E. Foley, and A. M. Poland. 2004. Common virus infections in cats, before and after being placed in shelters, with emphasis on feline enteric coronavirus. J. FelineMed. Surg. 6: 83-88.
36. Pfeifer, M. L., J. F. Evermann, M. E. Roelke, A. M. Gallina, R. L. Ott, and A. J. McKeirnan. 1983. Feline infectious peritonitis in a captive cheetah. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 183: 1317-1319.
37. Rottier, P. J., K. Nakamura, P. Schellen, H. Volders, and B. J. Haijema. 2005. Acquisition of macrophage tropism during the pathogenesis of feline infectious peritonitis is determined by mutations in the feline coronavirus spike protein. J. Virol. 79: 14122-14130.
38. Terio, K. A., L. Marker, and L. Munson. 2004. Evidence for chronic stress in captive but not freeranging cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) based on adrenal morphology and function. J. Wildl. Dis. 40: 259-266.
39. Vennema, H., A. Poland, J. Foley, and N. C. Pedersen. 1998. Feline infectious peritonitis viruses arise by mutation from endemic feline enteric coronaviruses. Virology 243: 150-157.
40. Wells, A., K. A. Terio, M. H. Ziccardi, and L. Munson. 2004. The stress response to environmental change in captive cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus). J. Zoo Wildl. Med. 35: 8-14.
41. Wildt, D. E., J. L. Brown, M. Bush, M. A. Barone, K. A. Cooper, J. Grisham, and J. G. Howard. 1993. Reproductive status of cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) in North American zoos: the benefits of physiological surveys for strategic planning. Zoo Biol. 12: 45-80.