Antiepileptic Drugs during Pregnancy in Primary Care: A UK Population Based Study

PLoS ONE

Volumn 7, Issue 12, 2012, Pages

  Man, Shuk Li ^a   Petersen, Irene ^a   Thompson, Mary ^b   Nazareth, Irwin ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^b Cegedim Strategic Data Medical Research UK ^*  (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTICONVULSIVE AGENT; CARBAMAZEPINE; LAMOTRIGINE; VALPROIC ACID;

ADULT; ARTICLE; BIPOLAR DISORDER; COHORT ANALYSIS; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEPRESSION; EPILEPSY; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; POPULATION RESEARCH; PREGNANCY; PRESCRIPTION; PRIMARY MEDICAL CARE; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; TREND STUDY; UNITED KINGDOM;

ADULT; ANTICONVULSANTS; BIPOLAR DISORDER; COHORT STUDIES; EPILEPSY; FEMALE; HUMANS; PHYSICIAN'S PRACTICE PATTERNS; PREGNANCY; PRIMARY HEALTH CARE;

EID: 84871343768     PISSN: None     EISSN: 19326203     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052339     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. Adab N, Kini U, Vinten J, Ayres J, Baker G, et al. (2004) The longer term outcome of children born to mothers with epilepsy. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 75: 1575-1583.
2. Morrow J, Russell A, Guthrie E, Parsons L, Robertson I, et al. (2006) Malformation risks of antiepileptic drugs in pregnancy: a prospective study from the UK Epilepsy and Pregnancy Register. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 77: 193-198.
3. National Institute for Clinical Excellence (Great Britain) (2012) The epilepsies: the diagnosis and management of the epilepsies in adults and children in primary and secondary care.
4. Hayes J, Prah P, Nazareth I, King M, Walters K, et al. (2011) Prescribing Trends in Bipolar Disorder: Cohort Study in the United Kingdom THIN Primary Care Database 1995-2009. PLoS ONE 6: e28725 doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0028725.
5. JONES I, CRADDOCK N, (2005) Bipolar disorder and childbirth: the importance of recognising risk. The British Journal of Psychiatry 186: 453-454.
6. Jones I, Craddock N, (2001) Familiality of the Puerperal Trigger in Bipolar Disorder: Results of a Family Study. Am J Psychiatry 158: 913-917.
7. Viguera AC, Whitfield T, Baldessarini RJ, Newport DJ, Stowe Z, et al. (2007) Risk of Recurrence in Women With Bipolar Disorder During Pregnancy: Prospective Study of Mood Stabilizer Discontinuation. Am J Psychiatry 164: 1817-1824.
8. British Medical Association and Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain (2011) British National Formulary: 62 (September 2011). London: BMJ Group: Pharmaceutical Press.
9. Bourke A, Dattani H, Robinson M, (2004) Feasibility study and methodology to create a quality-evaluated database of primary care data. Inform Prim Care 12: 171-177.
10. Chisholm J, (1990) The Read clinical classification. BMJ 300: 1092.
11. Townsend P, Phillimore P, Beattie A (1986) Inequalities in health in the northern region.
12. Maguire A, Blak BT, Thompson M (2009) The importance of defining periods of complete mortality reporting for research using automated data from primary care. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 18: 76-83. 10.1002/pds.1688 [doi].
13. Meador KJ, Penovich P, Baker GA, Pennell PB, Bromfield E, et al. (2009) Antiepileptic drug use in women of childbearing age. Epilepsy & Behavior 15: 339-343 doi:10.1016/j.yebeh.2009.04.026.
14. The EURAP Study Group (2009) Utilization of antiepileptic drugs during pregnancy: Comparative patterns in 38 countries based on data from the EURAP registry. Epilepsia 50: 2305-2309. 10 (1111/j.1528-1167.2009.02093) ():: x.
15. Vajda FJE, Hollingworth S, Graham J, Hitchcock AA, O'Brien TJ, et al. (2010) Changing patterns of antiepileptic drug use in pregnant Australian women. Acta Neurol Scand 121: 89-93. 10 (1111/j.1600-0404.2009.01260) ():: x.
16. Bengt K, (2005) Maternal carbamazepine and infant spina bifida. Reprod Toxicol 8: 203-205 doi:10.1016/0890-6238(94)90003-5.
17. Clayton-Smith J, Donnai D, (1995) Fetal valproate syndrome. J Med Genet 32: 724-727.
18. Holmes LB, Harvey EA, Coull BA, Huntington KB, Khoshbin S, et al. (2001) The Teratogenicity of Anticonvulsant Drugs. N Engl J Med 344: 1132-1138 doi:10.1056/NEJM200104123441504.
19. Jentink J, Dolk H, Loane MA, Morris JK, Wellesley D, et al. (2010) Intrauterine exposure to carbamazepine and specific congenital malformations: systematic review and case-control study. BMJ 341: c6581.
20. Mawer G, Briggs M, Baker GA, Bromley R, Coyle H, et al. (2010) Pregnancy with epilepsy: Obstetric and neonatal outcome of a controlled study. Seizure 19: 112-119 doi:10.1016/j.seizure.2009.11.008.
21. Vajda FJE, Hitchcock A, Graham J, Solinas C, O'Brien TJ, et al. (2006) Foetal malformations and seizure control: 52 months data of the Australian Pregnancy Registry. Eur J Neurol 13: 645-654. 10 (1111/j.1468-1331.2006.01359) ():: x.
22. Waters CH, Belai Y, Gott PS, Shen P, De Giorgio CM, (1994) Outcomes of pregnancy associated with antiepileptic drugs. Arch Neurol 51: 250-253.
23. Holmes LB, Baldwin EJ, Smith CR, Habecker E, Glassman L, et al. (2008) Increased frequency of isolated cleft palate in infants exposed to lamotrigine during pregnancy. Neurology 70: 2152-2158. 01.wnl.0000304343.45104.d6 [pii];10.1212/01.wnl.0000304343.45104.d6 [doi].
24. National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (2006) Bipolar disorder: the management of bipolar disorder in adults, children and adolescents, in primary and secondary care.
25. Einarson A, Selby P, Koren G, (2001) Abrupt discontinuation of psychotropic drugs during pregnancy: fear of teratogenic risk and impact of counselling. J Psychiatry Neurosci 26: 44-48.
26. Nordeng H, Ystrom E, Einarson A, (2010) Perception of risk regarding the use of medications and other exposures during pregnancy. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 66: 207-214.
27. Petersen I, Gilbert RE, Evans SJ, Man SL, Nazareth I (2011) Pregnancy as a major determinant for discontinuation of antidepressants: an analysis of data from The Health Improvement Network. J Clin Psychiatry 72: 979-985. 10.4088/JCP.10m06090blu [doi].
28. Crawford P, Hudson S (2003) Understanding the information needs of women with epilepsy at different lifestages: results of the 'Ideal World' survey. Seizure 12: 502-507. S1059131103000852 [pii].
29. The NHS Information Centre PaPCS (2011) Prescribing compliance: a review of the proportion of prescriptions dispensed.