The perilous state of independent randomized clinical trials and related applied research in Canada

CMAJ. Canadian Medical Association Journal

Volumn 184, Issue 18, 2012, Pages 1997-2002

  Yusuf, Salim ^a   Cairns, John ^b  

^a HAMILTON HEALTH SCIENCES   (Canada)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID; ALPHA TOCOPHEROL; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENT; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR; MONTELUKAST; NITRIC OXIDE; STREPTOMYCIN; VERTEPORFIN;

ANGINA PECTORIS; ATHEROSCLEROSIS; CANADA; ECONOMIC ASPECT; FUNDING; GOVERNMENT; HEALTH ECONOMICS; HEALTH PROGRAM; HIGHLY ACTIVE ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY; HUMAN; LIFE EXPECTANCY; MEDICAL PRACTICE; MEDICAL RESEARCH; PRIMARY MEDICAL CARE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); REVIEW;

EID: 84871321683     PISSN: 08203946     EISSN: 14882329     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.110598     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. Antiplatelet Trialists' Collaboration. Collaborative overview of randomized trials of antiplatelet therapy - I: prevention of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke by prolonged antiplatelet therapy in various categories of patients. BMJ 1994;308:81-106.
2. De Wals P, Tairou F, Van Allen MI, et al. Reduction in neuraltube defects after folic acid fortification in Canada. N Engl J Med 2007;357:135-42. (Pubitemid 47057731)
3. Echt DS, Liebson PR, Mitchell LB, et al. Mortality and morbidity in patients receiving encainide, flecainide, or placebo. The Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial. N Engl J Med 1991;324:781-8.
4. Rossouw JE, Anderson GL, Prentice RL, et al.; Writing Group for the Women's Health Initiative Investigators. Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: principal results from the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2002;288:321-33. (Pubitemid 34761611)
5. Medical Research Council Streptomycin in Tuberculosis Trials Committee. Streptomycin treatment for pulmonary tuberculosis. BMJ 1948;2:769-82.
6. Oshinsky DM. Polio: an American story. The crusade that mobilized the nation against the 20th century's most feared disease. New York (NY): Oxford University Press; 2005.
7. The Canadian Cooperative Study Group. A randomized trial of aspirin and sulfinpyrazone in threatened stroke. N Engl J Med 1978;299:53-9.
8. Cairns JA, Gent M, Singer J, et al. Aspirin, sulfinpyrazole, or both in unstable angina. Results of a Canadian multicenter trial. N Engl J Med 1985;313:1369-75. (Pubitemid 16211835)
9. Théroux P, Ouimet H, McCans J, et al. Aspirin, heparin or both to treate acute unstable angina. N Engl J Med 1988;319:1105-11.
10. Hannah ME, Hannah WJ, Hellmann J, et al. Canadian Multicenter Post-term Pregnancy Trial Group. Induction of labor as compared with serial antenatal monitoring in post-term pregnancy. A randomized controlled trial. N Engl J Med 1992;326:1587-92.
11. Neonatal Inhaled Nitric Oxide Study Group. Inhaled nitric oxide in full-term and nearly full-term infants with hypoxic respiratory failure. N Engl J Med 1997;336:597-604.
12. Yusuf S, Sleight P, Pogue J, et al. Effects of an angiotensin-converting- enzyme inhibitor, ramipril, on cardiovascular events in high-risk patients. New Engl J Med 2000;342:145-53. (Pubitemid 30051645)
13. Cook D, Guyatt G, Marshall J, et al.; Canadian Critical Care Trials Group. A comparison of sucralfate and ranitidine for the prevention of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in patients requiring mechanical ventilation. N Engl J Med 1998;338:791-7. (Pubitemid 28135985)
14. Hébert PC, Wells G, Blajchman MA, et al.; Transfusion Requirements in Critical Care Investigators for the Canadian Critical Care Trials Group. A multicenter, randomized, controlled clinical trial of transfusion requirements in critical care. N Engl J Med 1999;340:409-17. (Pubitemid 29084771)
15. Montaner JS, Lima VD, Barrios R, et al. Association of highly active antiretroviral therapy coverage, population viral load, and yearly new HIV diagnoses in British Columbia, Canada: a population-based study. Lancet 2010;376:532-9.
16. Yusuf S, Dagenais G, Pogue J, et al. Vitamin E supplementation and cardiovascular events in high-risk patients. The Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation Study Investigators. N Engl J Med 2000;342:154-60. (Pubitemid 30051646)
17. McCloskey RV, Straube RC, et al.; the CHESS Trial Study Group. Treatment of septic shock with human monoclonal antibody HA-1A: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 1994:121:1-5.
18. Spitzer WO, Sackett DL, Sibley JC, et al. The Burlington randomized trial of the nurse practitioner. N Engl J Med 1974;290:251-6.
19. Haynes RB, Sackett DL, Taylor DW, et al. Increased absenteeism from work after detection and labeling of hypertensive patients. N Engl J Med 1978;299:741-4. (Pubitemid 9040909)
20. Kaczorowski J, Chambers LW, Dolovich L, et al. Improving cardiovascular health at population level: 39 community cluster randomized trial of Cardiovascular Health Awareness Program (CHAP). BMJ 2011:342:d442.
21. Adams J. Benchmarking international research. Nature 1998;396:615-8. (Pubitemid 29003921)
22. Falagas ME, Michalopolous AS, Bliziotis IA, et al. A bibliometric analysis by geographic area of published research in several biomedical fields, 1995-2003. CMAJ 2006;175:389-90.
23. CIHR internal assessment report for the 2011 international review. Ottawa (ON): Canadian Institutes of Health Research; 2011. Available: www.cihr-irsc.gc.ca/e/documents/ir2011cihr-e.pdf (accessed 2011 Oct. 19).
24. NIH Estimates of funding for various research, condition, and disease categories (RCDC). Washington (DC): US Department of Health and Human Services; 2012. Available: http://report.nih.gov/rcdc/categories (accessed 2011 Apr. 12).
25. National Institutes of Health. NIH budget. Washington (DC): The Institutes; 2012. Available: www.nih.gov/about/budget.htm (accessed 2011 Oct. 20).
26. National Institute for Health Research. Embedding health research, annual report 2009/10. London (UK): The Institute; 2010. Available: www.nihr.ac.uk/files/pdfs/400891-NIHR-AnnualReport2010-acc3.pdf (accessed 2011 Oct. 20).
27. Medical Research Council. MRC annual report and accounts 2009/10. London (UK): The Council; 2011. Available: www.mrc.ac.uk/Utilities/Documentrecord/ index.htm?d=MRC007851 (accessed 2011 Oct. 20).
28. Canadian Institutes of Health Research Act. (S.C. 2000, c. 6). Available: http://laws.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/C-18.1/page-1.html (accessed 2011 Nov. 1).
29. CIHR internal assessment report for the 2011 International Review. Part 2: CIHR's Budget. Ottawa (ON): Canadian Insistutes of Health Research; 2011. Available: www.cihr-irsc.gc.ca/e/43812.html#fig4b (accessed 2012 Mar. 20).
30. Cooksey SD. A review of UK health research funding. London (UK): HM Treasury; 2006. Available: www.official-documents.gov.uk/document/other/ 0118404881/0118404881.pdf (accessed 2011 Nov. 1).
31. Contopoulos-Ioannidis DG, Ntzani EE, Ioannidis JP. Translation of highly promising basic science research into clinical applications. Am J Med 2003;114:477-84. (Pubitemid 36515110)
32. Yusuf S. Randomized clinical trials: slow death by a thousand un necessary policies? CMAJ 2004;171:889-92.
33. Duley L, Antman K, Arena J, et al. Specific barriers to the conduct of randomized trials. Clin Trials 2008;5:40-8. (Pubitemid 351412371)
34. National Institutes of Health Research. Bureaucracy busting in the NIHR. London (UK): The Institutes; 2010. Available: www.nihr.ac.uk/files/pdfs/ Implementation%20Plan%204.1g%20Bureaucracy%20Busting. %20NIHR%20Research%20Support%20Services%20(PDF).pdf (accessed 2011 Oct. 26).
35. Yusuf S, Bosch J, Devereaux PJ, et al. Sensible guidelines for the conduct of large randomized trials. Clin Trials 2008;5:38-9. (Pubitemid 351412370)