Post-colonial Poland-on an unavoidable misuse

East European Politics and Societies

Volumn 26, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 708-723

  Snochowska Gonzalez, Claudia ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WARSAW   (Poland)

Author keywords

Central and eastern europe; Poland; Post colonial theory; Post soviet societies

Indexed keywords

EID: 84871321410     PISSN: 08883254     EISSN: 15338371     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/0888325412448473     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. J. Kaczyński, "Wywiad przeprowadzony przez Jacka Karnowskiego," Sygnały dnia, Polskie Radio Program I, 3 April 2007, http://www.pis.org.pl/article.php?id=6823&st=1 (accessed 3 March 2012).
2. J. Kaczyński, "Tusk nadal boi sie Lecha Kaczyńskiego. Wywiad przeprowadzony przez Katarzyne Gójska-Hejke, Tomasza Sakiewicza," Gazeta Polska, 8 September 2010, http://autorzygazetypolskiej.salon24.pl/228141,tusk-nadal-boi-sie-lecha-kaczynskiego (accessed 3 March 2012).
3. J. M. Rymkiewicz, "Czy Jarosław Kaczyński jest skończony?" Newsweek, 20 November 2010, http://www.newsweek.pl/artykuly/sekcje/newsweek_polska/czy-jaroslaw-kaczynski-jest-skonczony,68350,1 (accessed 3 March 2012).
4. Rymkiewicz, "Czy Jarosław Kaczyński jest skończony?"
5. C. Cavanagh, "Postkolonialna Polska: Biała plama na mapie nowoczesnej teorii," Teksty Drugie, 2003.
6. E. M. Thompson, Imperial Knowledge: Russian Literature and Colonialism (Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2000).
7. Cavanagh, C., "Postkolonialna Polska," 66.
8. Cavanagh, C. "Postkolonialna Polska," 63.
9. Thompson, E., Imperial Knowledge, 39.
10. F. Jameson, "Modernism and Imperialism," in: Nationalism, Colonialism and Literature, ed. S. Deane (Minneapolis: Minnesota University Press, 1990), 47-48.
11. Cited after Cavanagh, "Postkolonialna Polska."
12. Thompson, E., Imperial Knowledge, 39.
13. Thompson, E., Imperial Knowledge, 31.
14. Thompson, E., Imperial Knowledge, 30.
15. Thompson, E., Imperial Knowledge, 30.
16. Thompson, E., Imperial Knowledge, 35.
17. Thompson, E., Imperial Knowledge, 56.
18. Thompson, E., Imperial Knowledge, 44.
19. See Thompson, E., Imperial Knowledge, 44.
20. Said, E. W. (1991). Orientalizm. (Z. Żygulski, Tłum.) Warszawa: Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy; E.W. Said, Orientalism (New York: Pantheon Books, 1978).
21. Thompson, E., Imperial Knowledge, 46.
22. D. C. Moore, "Is the Postin the Postcolonial the Postin the Post-soviet? Toward a Global Postcolonial Critique," PMLA 116 (2001, January): 121.
23. Moore, "Is the Postin the Postcolonial," 115.
24. Moore, "Is the Postin the Postcolonial," 124.
25. E. Shohat, "Notes on the Post-Colonial," Social Text 10.2-3, no. 31-32 (1992): 102.
26. Moore, "Is the Postin the Postcolonial," 112.
27. Moore, "Is the Postin the Postcolonial," 118.
28. Let us note that Chioni Moore starts to use the word "post-colonial" in a manner very similar to Thompson, Kaczyński, and Rymkiewicz. We may all be post-colonial, but some of us are somehow more post-colonial than others. The "them-postcolonials" cannot cope with the empire with dignity, they get involved in post-colonial compensatory struggle, they have identity problems and, most of all, problems with admitting they are post-colonial. As we can see, the mechanism of defining victims by stigmatising them and then victimising them is not only the ailment of ours-the unruly natives.
29. See E. M. Thompson, "Whose Discourse? Telling the Story in Postcommunist Poland," The Other Shore: Slavic and East European Cultures Abroad, Past and Present 1, no. 1 (2010): 1-15-author's note.
30. Thompson 2008. E. Thompson, Postkolonialne refleksje. Na marginesie pracy zbiorowej 'From Sovietology to Postcoloniality: Poland and Ukraine from a Postcolonial Perspective' pod redakcja Janusza Korka, in: Porównania, 5/2008, pages 113-125.
31. One can have different possibilities of fulfilling one's love for Coca-Cola. In the mid-1980s in Poland, a very popular hobby among teenagers of my generation was collecting empty Cola, Fanta, Sprite cans, etc. and then exhibiting them on a shelf or a desk. The lucky privileged ones acquired them "naturally," that is, by buying them for dollars in special Pewex shops, drinking the contents and proceeding to compose a display; the less affluent ones had to, e.g., get on international trains between the stations of Warsaw West and Warsaw Central and ask passengers if they had any unwanted rubbish.
32. The cans shone brightly with a glow of the desired West, and brought prestige on the owner of the exhibition.
33. How much does it say about the life in communist Poland, how much about the nature of capitalism as a system generating desire, and how much about the object of this desire?
34. The fascinating book by Anna Sosnowska, Zrozumieć zacofanie. Spory historyków o Europe Wschodnia (1947-1994) (Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Trio, 2004) presents four models of explaining Polish underdevelopment, prepared by social historians Marian
35. Małowist, Witold Kula, Jerzy Topolski, and Andrzej Wyczański. The models place the issue of serf economy in the centre of the enquiry about Poland's position in Europe during the continent's transformation from feudalism into capitalism.
36. According to Marian Małowist's model, Poland belongs to the part of Europe that became an internal colony supplying the West with cheap (thanks to the serfdom of peasants) corn. According to Małowist, the strongest antagonism characterises not the relationship between the masters and the serfs but the latter ones and the economic elite of the developed countries (Polish masters are reduced to the role of intermediaries-colonial compradors). Let me remind that Marian Małowist cooperated with Braudel and that he provided inspiration for Immanuel Wallerstein.
37. D. Beauvois, Walka o ziemie: Szlachta polska na Ukrainie prawobrzeżnej pomiedzy caratem a ludem ukraińskim 1863-1914, trans. K. Rutkowski (Sejny: Pogranicze, 1996).
38. D. Beauvois, Trójkat ukraiński: Szlachta, carat i lud na Wołyniu, Podolu i Kijowszczyźnie 1793-1914, trans. K. Rutkowski (Lublin: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej, 2005).
39. M. Buchowski, "Widmo orientalizmu w Europie: Od egzotycznego Innego do napietnowanego swojego," Recykling Idei (2008, Summer): 102.
40. M. Janion, Niesamowita Słowiańszczyzna: Fantazmaty literatury (Kraków: Wydawnictwo Literackie, 2006).
41. From Encyklopedia staropolska ilustrowana (Old Polish Illustrated Encyclopedia).
42. Zygmunt Gloger: "Kresy, Kresy soldier. The name kresy described military posts, i.e. watches or parties, positioned on the edges of Podolia and Ukraine as border patrols against attacks from the Tartars and the Haydamaks, and at the same time used for sending letters and alarm signs. Such service was taken in turns, or whenever somebody's kreska (mark) fell, hence the name".
43. Z. Gloger, Encyklopedia staropolska, Vol. III [Warszawa, 1978], 98-99.
44. I. Grudzińska-Gross, "Podejrzane pochodzenie jako kategoria kultury polskiej," in Inny-Inna-Inne: O inności w kulturze, ed. M. Janion, C. Snochowska-Gonzalez, K. Szczuka (Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Instytutu Badań Literackich, 2003).
45. This Polish colonialism after regaining the independence manifested itself mainly as grotesque, unimplemented or failed undertakings. For example, there was an attempt to start a colony in Liberia; the entire ridiculous initiative ended up in a spectacular fiasco.
46. M. A. Kowalski, Kolonie Rzeczypospolitej [Warszawa: Dom Wydawniczy Bellona, 2005].
47. Z. Białas, "Mniejniż ćwierć? O pilnej potrzebie rewizjonizmu w studiach postkolonialnych, albo: wybrane powody, dla których aby być kim sie jest trzeba czasami udawać, iż sie jest kim sie nie jest," Er(r)go nr 10, no. 1 (2005): 166-67.
48. P. Zajas, Postkolonialne imaginarium południowoafrykańskie literatury polskiej i niderlandzkiej (Poznań: Wydawnictwo Naukowe UAM, 2008).
49. J. Tokarska-Bakir, Rzeczy mgliste (Sejny: Pogranicze, 2004), 13-22.
50. A. Ahmad, In Theory. Nations, Classes, Literatures (London: Verso, [1992] 2008).
51. A. Dirlik, "The Postcolonial Aura: Third World Criticism in the Age of Global Capitalism," Critical Inquiry 20, no. 2 (1994, Winter): 328-56.
52. N. Lazarus, Marxism, Modernity and Postcolonial Studies (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002).
53. N. Lazarus, "Introduction," in: The Cambridge Companion to Postcolonial Literary Studies, ed. N. Lazarus (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004).
54. N. Lazarus, "Studia postkolonialne po inwazji na Irak," Recykling Idei (2008, Summer): 34-43.
55. Shohat, "Notes on the Post-Colonial."
56. Peter Hallward, Absolutely Postcolonial: Writing between the Singular and the Specific (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 2001).
57. Beauvois, D. (1994). Mit"kresów wschodnich," czyli jak mu położyć kres. In: W. Wrzesiński (Ed.), Polskie mity polityczne XIX i XX wieku (pages 93-105). Wrocław: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego.
58. Thompson, E. M. (2008). Postkolonialne refleksje. Na marginesie pracy zbiorowej "From Sovietlogy to Postcoloniality: Poland and Ukraine from a Postcolonial Perspective" pod redakcja Janusza Korka. Porównania, pages 113-125.