Cenozoic evolution of the Mojave block of southern California

Memoir of the Geological Society of America

Volumn 195, Issue , 2002, Pages 19-41

  Glazner, Allen F ^a   Walker, J Douglas ^b   Bartley, John M ^c   Fletcher, John M ^d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF UTAH   (United States)

^d CENTRO DE INVESTIGACIÓN CIENTÍFICA Y DE EDUCACIÓN SUPERIOR DE ENSENADA   (Mexico)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CLOCKS; DEFORMATION;

CIRCUIT RECONSTRUCTION; EXTENSIONAL DEFORMATION; METAMORPHIC CORE COMPLEX; NORTH AMERICAN PLATES; PALEOMAGNETIC DATA; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; STRIKE SLIP FAULTING; STRIKE-SLIP DEFORMATION;

STRIKE-SLIP FAULTS;

BLOCK ROTATION; CENOZOIC; CRUSTAL EVOLUTION; DEFORMATION MECHANISM; EVOLUTION; FRACTURE ZONE; NORTH AMERICAN PLATE; OLIGOCENE; PACIFIC PLATE; STRIKE-SLIP FAULT; TECTONIC ROTATION; TERTIARY; VOLCANISM;

BARSTOW; CALIFORNIA; MOJAVE DESERT; UNITED STATES;

EID: 84871321386     PISSN: 00721069     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1130/0-8137-1195-9.19     Document Type: Article

References (116)

1. Armstrong, R.L., and Higgins, R.E., 1973, K-Ar dating of the beginning of Tertiary volcanism in the Mojave Desert, California: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 84, p. 1095-1100.
2. Atwater, T., 1970, Implications of plate tectonics for the Cenozoic tectonic evolution of western North America: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 81, p. 3513-3536.
3. Atwater, T., and Stock, J., 1998, Pacific-North America plate tectonics of the Neogene southwestern United States: An update: International Geology Review, v. 40, p. 375-402.
4. Axen, G.J., Taylor, W.J., and Bartley, J.M., 1993, Space-time patterns and tectonic controls of Tertiary extension and magmatism in the Great Basin of the western United States: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 105, p. 56-76.
5. Bartley, J.M., and Glazner, A.F., 1991, En echelon Miocene rifting in the southwestern United States and model for vertical-axis rotation in continental extension: Geology, v. 19, p. 1165-1168.
6. Bartley, J.M., Glazner, A.F., and Schermer, E.R., 1990, North-south contraction of the Mojave block and strike-slip tectonics in southern California: Science, v. 248, p. 1398-1401.
7. Bartley, J.M., Glazner, A.F., Fletcher, J.M., Martin, M.W., and Walker, J.D., 1992, Amount and nature of dextral offset on Neogene faults near Barstow, California: Eos (Transactions, American Geophysical Union), v. 73, p. 363.
8. Boettcher, S.S., and Walker, J.D., 1993, Geologic evolution of Iron Mountain, central Mojave Desert, California: Tectonics, v. 12, p. 372-386.
9. Bohannon, R.G., and Parsons, T., 1995, Tectonic implications of post-30 Ma Pacific and North American relative plate motions: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 107, p. 937-959.
10. Brady, R.H., 1984, Neogene stratigraphy of the Avawatz Mountains between the Garlock and Death Valley fault zones, southern Death Valley, California: Implications as to late Cenozoic tectonism: Sedimentary Geology, v. 38, p. 127-157.
11. Buesch, D.C., 1992, Incorporation and redistribution of locally derived lithic fragments within a pyroclastic flow: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 104, p. 1193-1207.
12. Burke, D.B., Hillhouse, J.W., McKee, E.H., Miller, S.T., and Morton, J.L., 1982, Cenozoic rocks in the Barstow Basin area of southern California- Stratigraphic relations, radiometric ages, and paleomagnetism: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin, v. 1529-E, p. 1-16.
13. Byers, F.M., Jr., 1960, Geology of the Alvord Mountain quadrangle, San Bernardino County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin, v. 1089-A, 71 p.
14. Cameron, K.L., Nimz, G.J., Kuentz, D., Niemeyer, S., and Gunn, S., 1989, Southern Cordilleran basaltic andesite suite, southern Chihuahua, Mexico: A link between Tertiary continental arc and flood basalt magmatism in North America: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 94, p. 7817-7840.
15. Coleman, D.S., Glazner, A.F., Bartley, J.M., and Carl, B.S., 2000, Cretaceous dikes within the Independence dike swarm in eastern California: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 112, p. 504-511.
16. Cox, B.F., 1987, Stratigraphy, depositional environments, and paleotectonics of the Paleocene and Eocene Goler Formation, El Paso Mountains, California: Geologic summary and roadlog, in Cox, B.F., ed., Basin analysis and paleontology of the Paleocene and Eocene Goler Formation, El Paso Mountains, California: Los Angeles, Pacific Section, Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Book 57, p. 1-29.
17. Cox, B.F., and Diggles, M.F., 1986, Geologic map of the El Paso Mountains wilderness study area, Kern County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map MF-1827, scale 1:24 000.
18. Davis, G.A., 1977, Limitations on displacement and southeastward extent of the Death Valley fault zone, California: California Division of Mines and Geology Special Report 129, p. 27-33.
19. Davis, G.A., and Burchfiel, B.C., 1973, Garlock fault: An intracratonic transform structure, southern California: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 84, p. 1407-1422.
20. Davis, G.A., and Burchfiel, B.C., 1993, Tectonic problems revisited: The eastern terminus of the Miocene Garlock Fault and the amount of slip on the southern Death Valley fault zone: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 25, p. 28.
21. Davis, G.A., and Fleck, R.J., 1977, Chronology of Miocene volcanic and structural events, central Owlshead Mountains, eastern San Bernardino County, California: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 9, p. 409.
22. Davis, G.A., Lister, G.S., and Reynolds, S.J., 1986, Structural evolution of the Whipple and South mountains shear zones, southwestern United States: Geology, v. 14, p. 7-10.
23. Davis, G.A., Anderson, J.L., Frost, E.G., and Shackelford, T.J., 1980, Mylonitization and detachment faulting in the Whipple-Buckskin-Rawhide Mountains terrane, southeastern California and western Arizona: Geological Society of America Memoir, v. 153, p. 79-129.
24. Dibblee, T.W., Jr., 1961, Evidence of strike-slip movement on northwesttrending faults in Mojave Desert, California: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper, v. 424-B, p. 197-198.
25. Dibblee, T.W., Jr., 1967a, Areal geology of the western Mojave Desert, California: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 522, p. 1-153.
26. Dibblee, T.W., Jr., 1967b, Geologic map of the Deadman Lake quadrangle, San Bernardino County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Geologic Investigations Map I-488, scale 1:62 500.
27. Dibblee, T.W., Jr., 1967c, Geologic map of the Ludlow quadrangle, San Bernardino County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Map I-477, scale 1:62 500.
28. Dibblee, T.W., Jr., 1968a, Geology of the Fremont Peak and Opal Mountain quadrangles, California: California Division of Mines and Geology Bulletin, v. 188, 64 p.
29. Dibblee, T.W., Jr., 1968b, Geologic map of the Twentynine Palms quadrangle, San Bernardino and Riverside counties, California: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Geologic Investigations Map I-561, scale 1:62 500.
30. Dibblee, T.W., Jr., 1970, Geologic map of the Daggett quadrangle, San Bernardino County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Map I-592, scale 1:62 500.
31. Dibblee, T.W., Jr., 1990, Mid-Tertiary volcanic and sedimentary rocks of the Newberry Mountains and vicinity, central Mojave Desert: Unconformable on, or detached from, pre-Cenozoic crustal basement?, in Foster, J.F., and Lewis, L.L., eds., Lower Colorado River extensional terrane and Whipple Mountains guidebook: Santa Ana, California, South Coast Geological Society, p. 62-88.
32. Dibblee, T.W., Jr., and Bassett, A.M., 1966, Geologic map of the Newberry quadrangle, San Bernardino County, California: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Geologic Investigations Map I-461, scale 1:62 500.
33. Dickinson, W.R., 1997, Overview: Tectonic implications of Cenozoic volcanism in coastal California: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 109, p. 936.
34. Dokka, R.K., 1983, Displacements on late Cenozoic strike-slip faults of the central Mojave Desert, California: Geology, v. 11, p. 305-308.
35. Dokka, R.K., 1986, Patterns and modes of early Miocene crustal extension, central Mojave Desert, California: Geological Society of America Special Paper 208, p. 75-95.
36. Dokka, R.K., 1989, The Mojave extensional belt of southern California: Tectonics, v. 8, p. 363-390.
37. Dokka, R.K., and Baksi, A.K., 1989, Age and significance of the Red Buttes Andesite, Kramer Hills, Mojave Desert, California, in Reynolds, R.E., ed., The west-central Mojave Desert: Quaternary studies between Kramer and Afton Canyon, Redlands, California, San Bernardino County Museum Association, p. 51.
38. Dokka, R.K., and Travis, C.J., 1990, Late Cenozoic strike-slip faulting in the Mojave Desert, California: Tectonics, v. 9, p. 311-340.
39. Dokka, R.K., and Woodburne, M.O., 1986, Mid-Tertiary extensional tectonics and sedimentation, central Mojave Desert, California: Louisiana State University Publications in Geology and Geophysics, Tectonics and Sedimentation, v. 1, 55 p.
40. Dokka, R.K., Ross, T.M., and Lu, G., 1998, The trans Mojave-Sierran shear zone and its role in early Miocene collapse of southwestern North America, in Holdsworth, R.E., Strachan, R.A., and Dewey, J.F., eds., Continental transpressional and transtensional tectonics: Geological Society [London] Special Publication 135, p. 183-202.
41. Fillmore, R.P., 1993, Sedimentation and extensional basin evolution in a Miocene metamorphic core complex setting, Alvord Mountain, central Mojave Desert, California, USA: Sedimentology, v. 40, p. 721-742.
42. Fillmore, R.P., and Walker, J.D., 1996, Evolution of a supradetachment extensional basin: The lower Miocene Pickhandle Basin, central Mojave Desert, California, in Beratan, K.K., ed., Reconstructing the history of Basin and Range extension using sedimentology and stratigraphy: Geological Society of America Special Paper 303, p. 107-126.
43. Fillmore, R.P., Walker, J.D., Bartley, J.M., and Glazner, A.F., 1994, Development of three genetically related basins associated with detachment-style faulting: Predicted characteristics and an example from the central Mojave Desert, California: Geology, v. 22, p. 1087-1090.
44. Fletcher, J.M., and Bartley, J.M., 1994, Constrictional strain in a noncoaxial shear zone: Implications for fold and rock fabric development, central Mojave metamorphic core complex, California: Journal of Structural Geology, v. 16, p. 555-570.
45. Fletcher, J.M., Bartley, J.M., Martin, M.W., Glazner, A.F., and Walker, J.D., 1995, Large-magnitude continental extension: An example from the central Mojave metamorphic core complex: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 107, p. 1468-1483.
46. Gale, H.S., 1946, Geology of the Kramer borate district, Kern County, California: California Journal of Mines and Geology, v. 42, p. 325-378.
47. Gardner, D.L., 1940, Geology of the Newberry and Ord Mountains, San Bernardino County, California: California Journal of Mines and Geology, v. 36, p. 257-292.
48. Garfunkel, Z., 1974, Model for the late Cenozoic tectonic history of the Mojave Desert, California, and its relation to adjacent regions: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 5, p. 141-188.
49. Glazner, A.F., 1988, Stratigraphy, structure, and potassic alteration of Miocene volcanic rocks in the Sleeping Beauty area, central Mojave Desert, California: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 100, p. 424-435.
50. Glazner, A.F., 1990, Recycling of continental crust in Miocene volcanic rocks from the Mojave block, southern California: Geological Society of America Memoir 174, p. 147-168.
51. Glazner, A.F., and Bartley, J.M., 1984, Timing and tectonic setting of Tertiary low-angle normal faulting and associated magmatism in the southwestern United States: Tectonics, v. 3, p. 385-396.
52. Glazner, A.F., and Bartley, J.M., 1990, Early Miocene dome emplacement, diking, and limited tectonism in the northern Marble Mountains, eastern Mojave Desert, California, in Foster, J.F., and Lewis, L.L., eds., Lower Colorado River extensional terrane and Whipple Mountains guidebook: Santa Ana, California, South Coast Geological Society, p. 89-97.
53. Glazner, A.F., and Bartley, J.M., 1994, Eruption of alkali basalts during crustal shortening in southern California: Tectonics, v. 13, p. 493-498.
54. Glazner, A.F., and Farmer, G.L., 1993, Evolution of late Cenozoic basaltic volcanism in the Mojave Desert, California: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 25, p. 42.
55. Glazner, A.F., and Loomis, D.P., 1984, Effect of subduction of the Mendocino fracture zone on Tertiary sedimentation in southern California: Sedimentary Geology, v. 38, p. 287-303.
56. Glazner, A.F., and O'Neil, J.R., 1989, Crustal structure of the Mojave Desert, California: Inferences from Sr- and O-isotope studies of Miocene volcanic rocks: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 94, p. 7861-7870.
57. Glazner, A.F., and Supplee, J.A., 1982, Migration of Tertiary volcanism in the southwestern United States and subduction of the Mendocino fracture zone: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 60, p. 429-436.
58. Glazner, A.F., Bartley, J.M., and Sanner, W.K., 2000, Nature of the southern boundary of the central Mojave Tertiary province, Rodman Mountains, California: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 112, p. 34-44.
59. Glazner, A.F., Bartley, J.M., and Walker, J.D., 1989, Magnitude and significance of Miocene crustal extension in the central Mojave Desert, California: Geology, v. 17, p. 50-53.
60. Glazner, A.F., Walker, J.D., Bartley, J.M., Fletcher, J.M., Martin, M.W., Schermer, E.R., Boettcher, S.S., Miller, J.S., Fillmore, R.P., and Linn, J.K., 1994, Reconstruction of the Mojave block (guidebook and roadlog), in McGill, S.F., and Ross, T.M., eds., Geological investigations of an active margin: Geological Society of America Cordilleran Section Guidebook, Redlands, California, San Bernardino County Museum Association, p. 3-30.
61. Golombek, M.P., and Brown, L.L., 1988, Clockwise rotation of the western Mojave Desert: Geology, v. 16, p. 126-130.
62. Goodman, E.D., and Malin, P.E., 1992, Evolution of the southern San Joaquin Basin and mid-Tertiary "transitional" tectonics, central California: Tectonics, v. 11, p. 478-498.
63. Hewett, D.F., 1954, General geology of the Mojave Desert region, California: California Division of Mines and Geology Bulletin, v. 170, p. 5-20.
64. Hopson, R.F., Hillhouse, J.W., and Howard, K.A., 2000, Rotation of the Late Jurassic Independence dike swarm, southern California: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 32, p. 173.
65. Howard, J.L., 1996, Paleocene to Holocene paleodeltas of ancestral Colorado River offset by the San Andreas fault system, southern California: Geology, v. 24, p. 783-786.
66. Howard, K.A., and Miller, D.M., 1992, Late Cenozoic faulting at the boundary between the Mojave and Sonoran blocks: Bristol Lake area, California, in Richard, S.M., ed., Deformation associated with the Neogene eastern California shear zone, southeastern California and southwestern Arizona: Proceedings of the workshop on the Eastern California shear zone, southeastern California and southwestern Arizona, Redlands, California, San Bernardino County Museum Association Special Publication 92-1, p. 37-47.
67. Ingersoll, R.V., 1982, Triple-junction instability as cause for late Cenozoic extension and fragmentation of the western United States: Geology, v. 10, p. 621-624.
68. Ingersoll, R.V., Devaney, K.A., Geslin, J.K., Cavazza, W., Diamond, D.S., Heins, W.A., Jagiello, K.J., Marsaglia, K.M., Paylor, E.D., II, and Short, P.F., 1996, The Mud Hills, Mojave Desert, California: Structure, stratigraphy, and sedimentology of a rapidly extended terrane, in Beratan, K.K., ed., Reconstructing the history of basin and range extension using sedimentology and stratigraphy: Geological Society of America Special Paper 303, p. 61-83.
69. Jacobson, C.E., 1990, The 40Ar/39Ar geochronology of the Pelona Schist and related rocks, Southern California: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 95, p. 509-528.
70. Keith, L., Miller, J.S., Glazner, A.F., and Schermer, E.R., 1994, Geochemistry of Miocene volcanism on Fort Irwin, northern Mojave Desert, California: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 26, p. 62-63.
71. Kiser, N.L., 1981, Stratigraphy, structure and metamorphism in the Hinkley Hills, Barstow, California [M.S. thesis]: Stanford University, Stanford, California, 70 p.
72. Lucas, S.G., and Reynolds, R.E., 1991, Late Cretaceous(?) plesiosaurs from Cajon Pass, California, in Woodburne, M.O., Reynolds, R.E., and Whistler, D.P., eds., Inland southern California: The last 70 million years: San Bernardino County Museum Association Quarterly: San Bernardino, California, San Bernardino County Museum, p. 52-53.
73. Luyendyk, B.P., 1991, A model for Neogene crustal rotations, transtension, and transpression in southern California: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 103, p. 1528-1536.
74. Luyendyk, B.P., Kamerling, M.J., Terres, R.R., and Hornafius, J.S., 1985, Simple shear of southern California during Neogene time suggested by paleomagnetic declinations: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 90, p. 12454- 12 466.
75. MacFadden, B.J., Swisher, C.C.I., Opdyke, N.D., and Woodburne, M.O., 1990a, Paleomagnetism, geochronology, and possible tectonic rotation of the middle Miocene Barstow Formation, Mojave Desert, southern California: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 102, p. 478-493.
76. MacFadden, B.J., Woodburne, M.O., and Opdyke, N.D., 1990b, Paleomagnetism and Neogene clockwise rotation of the northern Cady Mountains, Mojave Desert of southern California: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 95, p. 4597-4608.
77. Martin, M.W., Glazner, A.F.,Walker, J.D., and Schermer, E.R., 1993, Evidence for right-lateral transfer faulting accommodating en echelon Miocene extension, Mojave Desert, California: Geology, v. 21, p. 355-358.
78. Matthews, V., III, 1976, Correlation of Pinnacles and Neenach volcanic formations and their bearing on San Andreas fault problems: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 60, p. 2128-2141.
79. McCurry, M., 1988, Geology and petrology of the Woods Mountains volcanic center, southeastern California: Implications for the genesis of peralkaline rhyolite ash flow tuffs: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 93, p. 14835- 14 855.
80. McDougall, K., 1987, Foraminiferal biostratigraphy and paleoecology of marine deposits, Goler Formation, California, in Cox, B.F., ed., Basin analysis and paleontology of the Paleocene and Eocene Goler Formation, El Paso Mountains, California: Los Angeles, Pacific Section, Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, p. 43-67.
81. Meek, N., and Battles, D.A., Evidence for approximately 5.2 km of left-lateral displacement on the Manix fault, central Mojave Desert, California: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 22, no. 3, p. 68.
82. Miller, D.D., 1998, Distributed shear, rotation, and partitioned strain along the San Andreas fault, central California: Geology, v. 26, p. 867.
83. Miller, E.L. and Cameron, C.S., 1982, Late Precambrian to Late Cretaceous evolution of the southwestern Mojave Desert, California, in Cooper, J.D., Troxel, B.W., and Wright, L.A., eds., Geology of selected areas in the San Bernardino Mountains, western Mojave Desert, and southern Great Basin, California: Shoshone, California, Death Valley Publishing Co., p. 21-34.
84. Miller, F.K., and Morton, D.M., 1980, Potassium-argon geochronology of the eastern Transverse Ranges and southern Mojave Desert, southern California: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1152, p. 1-30.
85. Miller, J.S., and Miller, C.F., 1991, Tertiary extension-related volcanism, Old Woman Mountains area, eastern Mojave Desert, California: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 96, p. 13629-13 643.
86. Miller, J.S., Glazner, A.F., Farmer, G.L., Suayah, I.B., and Keith, L.B., 2000, Middle Tertiary magmatism across the Mojave Desert and southeastern California: A Sr, Nd, and Pb isotopic study of mantle domains and crustal structure: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 112, p. 1264-1279.
87. Moore, J.G., and Hopson, C.A., 1961, The Independence dike swarm in eastern California: American Journal of Science, v. 259, p. 241-259.
88. Nicholson, C., Sorlien, C.C., Atwater, T., Crowell, J.C., and Luyendyk, B.P., 1994, Microplate capture, rotation of the western Transverse Ranges, and initiation of the San Andreas transform as a low-angle fault system: Geology, v. 22, p. 491-495.
89. Nielson, J.E., Lux, D.R., Dalrymple, G.B., and Glazner, A.F., 1990, Age of the Peach Springs Tuff, southeastern California and western Arizona: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 95, p. 571-580.
90. Nilsen, T.H., 1977, Early Tertiary tectonics and sedimentation in California, in Nilsen, T.H., ed., Late Mesozoic and Cenozoic sedimentation and tectonics in California: Bakersfield, California, San Joaquin Geological Society, p. 86-98.
91. Richard, S.M., 1993, Palinspastic reconstruction of southeastern California and southwestern Arizona for the middle Miocene: Tectonics, v. 12, p. 830-854.
92. Ron, H., Freund, R., and Garfunkel, Z., 1984, Block rotation by strike-slip faulting: Structural and paleomagnetic evidence: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 89, p. 6256-6270.
93. Ron, H., and Nur, A., 1996, Vertical axis rotations in the Mojave: Evidence from the Independence dike swarm: Geology, v. 24, p. 973-976.
94. Ross, T.M., 1988, Neogene tectonic rotations in the central Mojave Desert, California, as indicated by paleomagnetic directions [M.A. thesis]: Santa Barbara, University of California, 242 p.
95. Ross, T.M., 1995, North-south directed extension and timing of extension and vertical-axis rotation in the southwest Cady Mountains, Mojave Desert, California: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 107, p. 793-811.
96. Ross, T.M., Luyendyk, B.P., and Haston, R.B., 1989, Paleomagnetic evidence for Neogene clockwise tectonic rotations in the central Mojave Desert, California: Geology, v. 17, p. 470-473.
97. Sabin, A.E., Monastero, F.C., and Katzenstein, A.M., 1994, Middle to late Miocene age stratovolcano on the South Ranges, Naval Air Weapons Station, San Bernardino County, California, in McGill, S.F., and Ross, T.M., eds., Geological investigations of an active margin: Geological Society of America Cordilleran Section Guidebook: Redlands, California, San Bernardino County Museum Association, p. 293-301.
98. Saylor, B.Z., and Hodges, K.V., 1991, The Titus Canyon Formation: Evidence for early Oligocene extension in the Death Valley area, CA: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 23, p. 82.
99. Schermer, E.R., Luyendyk, B.P., and Cisowski, S., 1996, Late Cenozoic structure and tectonics of the northern Mojave Desert: Tectonics, v. 15, p. 905-932.
100. Schweickert, R.A., and Caskey, S.J., 1990, Pre-middle Miocene extensional history of the Nevada Test Site (NTS) region, southern Nevada: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 22, p. 81.
101. Sherrod, D.R., and Nielson, J.E., 1993, Tertiary stratigraphy of highly extended terranes, California, Arizona, and Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 2053, 250 p.
102. Smith, G.I., 1962, Large lateral displacement on the Garlock fault, California, as measured from an offset dike swarm: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 46, p. 85-104.
103. Tennyson, M.E., 1989, Pre-transform early Miocene extension in western California: Geology, v. 17, p. 792-796.
104. Thompson, D.G., 1929, The Mohave Desert region, California: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Paper 578, 759 p.
105. Turner, R.D., and Glazner, A.F., 1991, Miocene volcanism, folding, and faulting in the Castle Mountains, southern Nevada and eastern California: Geological Society of America Memoir 176, p. 23-35.
106. Valentine, M.J., Brown, L.L., and Golombek, M.P., 1993, Cenozoic crustal rotations in the Mojave Desert from paleomagnetic studies around Barstow, California: Tectonics, v. 12, p. 666-677.
107. Walker, J.D., and Glazner, A.F., 1999, Tectonic development of the southern California deserts: Geological Society of America Special Paper 338, p. 375-380.
108. Walker, J.D., Bartley, J.M., and Glazner, A.F., 1990, Large-magnitude Miocene extension in the central Mojave Desert: Implications for Paleozoic to Tertiary paleogeography and tectonics: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 95, p. 557-569.
109. Walker, J.D., Fletcher, J.M., Fillmore, R.P., Martin, M.W., Taylor, W.J., Glazner, A.F., and Bartley, J.M., 1995, Connection between igneous activity and extension in the central Mojave metamorphic core complex, California: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 100, p. 10477-10 494.
110. Weigand, P.W., 1982, Middle Cenozoic volcanism of the western Transverse Ranges, in Fife, D.L., and Minch, J.A., eds., Geology and mineral wealth of the California Transverse Ranges: Santa Ana, California, South Coast Geological Society, p. 170-188.
111. Wells, R.E., and Hillhouse, J.W., 1989, Paleomagnetism and tectonic rotation of the lower Miocene Peach Springs Tuff: Colorado Plateau, Arizona, to Barstow, California: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 101, p. 846-863.
112. Wernicke, B., and Snow, J.K., 1998, Cenozoic tectonism in the central Basin and Range: Motion of the Sierran-Great Valley block: International Geology Review, v. 40, p. 403-410.
113. Wernicke, B., Axen, G.J., and Snow, J.K., 1988, Basin and Range extensional tectonics at the latitude of Las Vegas, Nevada: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 100, p. 1738-1757.
114. Wise, W.S., 1969, Origin of basaltic magmas in the Mojave Desert area, California: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 23, p. 53-64.
115. Woodburne, M.O., Tedford, R.H., Stevens, M.S., and Taylor, B.E., 1974, Early Miocene mammalian faunas, Mojave Desert, California: Journal of Paleontology, v. 48, p. 6-26.
116. Wust, S., 1986, Regional correlation of extension directions in Cordilleran metamorphic core complexes: Geology, v. 14, p. 828-830.