Estimation of the whole-body averaged SAR of grounded human models for plane wave exposure at respective resonance frequencies

Physics in Medicine and Biology

Volumn 57, Issue 24, 2012, Pages 8427-8442

  Hirata, Akimasa ^a   Yanase, Kazuya ^a   Laakso, Ilkka ^a   Chan, Kwok Hung ^a   Fujiwara, Osamu ^a   Nagaoka, Tomoaki ^b   Watanabe, Soichi ^b   Conil, Emmanuelle ^c   Wiart, Joe ^c  

^a NAGOYA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (Japan)

^b NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATIONS TECHNOLOGY   (Japan)

^c ORANGE LABS   (France)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANATOMICALLY BASED MODEL; BODY SHAPES; FINITE-DIFFERENCE TIME-DOMAIN (FDTD) METHODS; FREE SPACES; HUMAN BODY MODELS; HUMAN MODEL; HUMAN STANDING; INCIDENT POWER; INCIDENT WAVES; PLANE WAVE; POWER ABSORPTION; QUARTER-WAVELENGTH; RADIO FREQUENCIES; RESONANCE FREQUENCIES; SPECIFIC ABSORPTION RATE; STANDING POSTURE; WHOLE-BODY;

BIOLOGICAL RADIATION EFFECTS; ESTIMATION; FINITE DIFFERENCE TIME DOMAIN METHOD; NATURAL FREQUENCIES;

ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD EFFECTS;

ABSORPTION; ADULT; ARTICLE; BODY SIZE; CHILD; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; EQUIPMENT; FEMALE; HUMAN; IMAGE QUALITY; MALE; PRESCHOOL CHILD; RADIATION DOSE; WHOLE BODY IMAGING;

ABSORPTION; ADULT; BODY SIZE; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; PHANTOMS, IMAGING; RADIATION DOSAGE; WHOLE BODY IMAGING;

EID: 84871235561     PISSN: 00319155     EISSN: 13616560     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/57/24/8427     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Altman P L and Dittmer D S 1974 Biology Data Book: Blood and Other Body Fluids (Washington, DC: Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology)
2. Christ A et al 2010 The Virtual Family-development of surface-based anatomical models of two adults and two children for dosimetric simulations Phys. Med. Biol. 55 N23-38
3. Conil E, Hadjem A, Gati A, Wong M F and Wiart J 2011 Influence of plane-wave incidence angle on whole body and local exposure at 2100 MHz IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. 53 48-52
4. Conil E, Hadjem A, Lacroux F, Wong M F and Wiart J 2008 Variability analysis of SAR from 20 MHz to 2.4 GHz for different adult and child models using finite-difference time-domain Phys. Med. Biol. 53 1511-25
5. Dimbylow P J 1997 FDTD calculations of the whole-body averaged SAR in an anatomically realistic voxel model of the human body from 1 MHz to 1 GHz Phys. Med. Biol. 42 479-90
6. Dimbylow P J 2002 Fine resolution calculations of SAR in the human body for frequencies up to 3 GHz Phys. Med. Biol. 47 2835-46
7. Dimbylow P J 2005 Resonance behavior of whole-body averaged specific energy absorption rate (SAR) in the female voxel model, NAOMI Phys. Med. Biol. 50 4053-63
8. Dimbylow P and Bolch W 2007 Whole-body-averaged SAR from 50 MHz to 4 GHz in the University of Florida child voxel phantoms Phys. Med. Biol. 52 6639-49
9. Dimbylow P J, Hirata A and Nagaoka T 2008 Intercomparison of whole-body averaged SAR in European and Japanese voxel phantoms Phys. Med. Biol. 53 5883-97
10. Durney C H 1980 Electromagnetic dosimetry for models of humans and animals: a review of theoretical and numerical techniques Proc. IEEE 68 33-40
11. El Habachi A, Conil E, Hadjem A, Vazquez E, Wong M F, Gati A, Fleury G and Wiart J 2010 Statistical analysis of whole-body absorption depending on anatomical human characteristics at a frequency of 2.1 GHz Phys. Med. Biol. 55 1875-87
12. Findlay R P and Dimbylow P J 2005 Effects of posture on FDTD calculations of specific absorption rate in a voxel model of the human body Phys. Med. Biol. 50 3825-35
13. Findlay R P and Dimbylow P J 2006 Variations in calculated SAR with distance to the perfectly matched layer boundary for a human voxel model Phys. Med. Biol. 51 N411-5
14. Findlay R P and Dimbylow P J 2008 Calculated SAR distributions in a human voxel phantom due to the reflection of electromagnetic fields from a ground plane between 65 MHz and 2 GHz Phys. Med. Biol. 53 2277-89
15. Gabriel S, Lau R W and Gabriel C 1996 The dielectric properties of biological tissues: III. Parametric models for the dielectric spectrum of tissues Phys. Med. Biol. 41 2271-93
16. Gandhi O P 1980 State of the knowledge for electromagnetic absorbed dose in man and animals Proc. IEEE 68 24-32
17. Hirata A, Caputa K, Dawson T W and Stuchly M A 2001 Dosimetry in models of child and adult for low-frequency electric fields IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 83 1007-12
18. Hirata A, Fujiwara O, Nagaoka T and Watanabe S 2010 Estimation of whole-body average SAR in human models due to plane-wave exposure at resonance frequency IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. 52 41-8
19. Hirata A, Kodera S, Wang J and Fujiwara O 2007 Dominant factors influencing whole-body average SAR due to far-field exposure in whole-body resonance frequency and GHz regions Bioelectromagnetics 28 484-7
20. International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) 1998 Guidelines for limiting exposure to time-varying electric, magnetic, and electromagnetic fields (up to 300 GHz) Health Phys. 74 494-522
21. International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) 2009 Statement on the 'Guidelines for limiting exposure to time-varying electric, magnetic, and electromagnetic fields (up to 300 GHz)' Health Phys. 97 257-8
22. ICRP 1975 Report of the Task Group on Reference Man (Oxford, UK: International Commission on Radiological Protection Publication)
23. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 2005 IEEE standard for safety levels with respect to human exposure to radio frequency electromagnetic fields 3 kHz to 300 GHz IEEE Std C95.1-2005 (New York, NY: IEEE)
24. Japanese Society of Nutritional Assessment 2001 Japanese Anthropometric Reference Data: Body Mass Index
25. Japanese Society for Pediatric Endocrinology 2011 BMI data sheet http://jspe.umin.jp/ipp-taikaku.htm
26. Kawamura Y, Hikage T and Nojima T 2010 Experimental quasi-microwave whole-body averaged SAR estimation method using cylindrical-external field scanning IEICE Trans. Commun. 93 1826-33
27. Kraus J D and Marhefka R J 2002 Antennas for All Applications 3rd edn (New York: McGraw-Hill)
28. Kühn S, Jennings W, Christ A and Kuster N 2009 Assessment of induced radio-frequency electromagnetic fields in various anatomical human body models Phys. Med. Biol. 54 875-90
29. Laakso I, Ilvonen S and Uusitupa T 2007 Performance of convolutional PML absorbing boundary conditions in finite-difference time-domain SAR calculations Phys. Med. Biol. 52 7183-92
30. Lean M E, Han T S and Deurenberg P 1996 Predicting body composition by densitometry from simple anthropometric measurements Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 63 4-14
31. Lee A K and Choi H-D 2012 Determining the influence of Korean population variation on whole-body average SAR Phys. Med. Biol. 57 2709-25
32. Miyatake N, Takenami S, Kawasaki Y, Kunihashi Y, Nishikawa H and Numata T 2005 Clinical evaluation of body fat percentage in 11,833 Japanese measured by air displacement plethysmograph Intern. Med. 44 702-5
33. Nagaoka T, Kunieda E and Watanabe S 2008 Proportion-corrected scaled voxel models for Japanese children and their application to the numerical dosimetry of specific absorption rate for frequencies from 30 MHz to 3 GHz Phys. Med. Biol. 53 6695-11
34. Nagaoka T, Togashi T, Saito K, Takahashi M, Ito K and Watanabe S 2007 An anatomically realistic whole-body pregnant-woman model and specific absorption rates for pregnant-woman exposure to electromagnetic plane waves from 10 MHz to 2 GHz Phys. Med. Biol. 52 6731-45
35. Nagaoka T and Watanabe S 2008 Postured voxel-based human models for electromagnetic dosimetry Phys. Med. Biol. 53 7047-61
36. Nagaoka T, Watanabe S, Sakurai K, Kunieda E, Watanabe S, Taki M and Yamanaka Y 2004 Development of realistic high-resolution whole-body voxel models of Japanese adult males and females of average height and weight, and application of models to radio-frequency electromagnetic-field dosimetry Phys. Med. Biol. 49 1-15
37. Penman A D and Johnson W D 2006 The changing shape of the body mass index distribution curve in the population: implications for public health policy to reduce the prevalence of adult obesity Prev. Chronic Dis. 3 A74
38. Peyman A, Gabriel C, Grant E H, Vermeeren G and Martens L 2009 Variation of the dielectric properties of tissues with age: the effect on the values of SAR in children when exposed to walkie-talkie devices Phys. Med. Biol. 54 227-42
39. Poljak D, Tham C Y, Gandhi O and Sarolic A 2003 Human equivalent antenna model for transient electromagnetic radiation exposure IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. 45 141-5
40. Uusitupa T, Laakso I, Ilvonen S and Nikoskinen K 2010 SAR variation study from 300 to 5000 MHz for 15 voxel models including different postures Phys. Med. Biol. 55 1157-76
41. Wang J, Fujiwara O and Watanabe S 2006 Approximation of aging effect on dielectric tissue properties for SAR assessment of mobile telephones IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. 48 408-13
42. World Health Organization 2010 WHO RF Research Agenda http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2010/9789241599948-eng.pdf