Emerging approaches in the management of patients with neuroendocrine liver metastasis: Role of liver-directed and systemic therapies

Journal of the American College of Surgeons

Volumn 216, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 123-134

  Mayo, Skye C ^a   Herman, Joseph M ^a   Cosgrove, David ^a   Bhagat, Nik ^a   Kamel, Ihab ^a   Geschwind, Jean Francois H ^a   Pawlik, Timothy M ^a  

^a JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

IAT; intra arterial therapy; NELM; NET; neuroendocrine liver metastasis; neuroendocrine tumors; OLT; orthotopic liver transplantation; pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor; PFS; PNET; progression free survival; radiofrequency ablation; RFA; TACE; transarterial chemoembolization; Y 90; Yttrium 90

Indexed keywords

ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENT; BEVACIZUMAB; CISPLATIN; DACARBAZINE; DOXORUBICIN; EVEROLIMUS; FLUOROPYRIMIDINE; IMATINIB; KI 67 ANTIGEN; OCTREOTIDE; PLACEBO; SOMATOSTATIN DERIVATIVE; STREPTOZOCIN; SUNITINIB; TEMOZOLOMIDE; THALIDOMIDE; YTTRIUM 90;

ANTINEOPLASTIC ACTIVITY; CANCER CLASSIFICATION; CANCER CONTROL; CANCER LOCALIZATION; CANCER RADIOTHERAPY; CANCER SURGERY; CANCER SURVIVAL; CANCER THERAPY; CHEMOEMBOLIZATION; CLINICAL EFFECTIVENESS; DRUG MECHANISM; EXTERNAL BEAM RADIOTHERAPY; HUMAN; LIVER METASTASIS; LIVER RESECTION; LIVER TRANSPLANTATION; MOLECULARLY TARGETED THERAPY; NEUROENDOCRINE TUMOR; OVERALL SURVIVAL; PANCREATIC NEUROENDOCRINE TUMOR; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; REVIEW; SURVIVAL RATE; SURVIVAL TIME; SYSTEMIC THERAPY;

ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS; ANTINEOPLASTIC COMBINED CHEMOTHERAPY PROTOCOLS; CATHETER ABLATION; CHEMOEMBOLIZATION, THERAPEUTIC; CHEMORADIOTHERAPY, ADJUVANT; HEPATECTOMY; HUMANS; INFUSIONS, INTRA-ARTERIAL; LIVER NEOPLASMS; LIVER TRANSPLANTATION; MOLECULAR TARGETED THERAPY; NEOPLASM STAGING; NEUROENDOCRINE TUMORS; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 84871233588     PISSN: 10727515     EISSN: 18791190     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2012.08.027     Document Type: Review

References (78)

1. I.M. Modlin, K.D. Lye, and M. Kidd A 5-decade analysis of 13,715 carcinoid tumors Cancer 97 2003 934 959
2. R.S. Chamberlain, D. Canes, and K.T. Brown Hepatic neuroendocrine metastases: does intervention alter outcomes? J Am Coll Surg 190 2000 432 445
3. H. Chen, J.M. Hardacre, and A. Uzar Isolated liver metastases from neuroendocrine tumors: does resection prolong survival? J Am Coll Surg 187 1998 88 92 discussion 92-93
4. C.D. Knox, C.D. Anderson, and L.W. Lamps Long-term survival after resection for primary hepatic carcinoid tumor Ann Surg Oncol 10 2003 1171 1175
5. H. Nave, E. Mossinger, and H. Feist Surgery as primary treatment in patients with liver metastases from carcinoid tumors: a retrospective, unicentric study over 13 years Surgery 129 2001 170 175
6. J.M. Sarmiento, G. Heywood, and J. Rubin Surgical treatment of neuroendocrine metastases to the liver: a plea for resection to increase survival J Am Coll Surg 197 2003 29 37
7. S.C. Mayo, M.C. de Jong, and C. Pulitano Surgical management of hepatic neuroendocrine tumor metastasis: results from an international multi-institutional analysis Ann Surg Oncol 17 2010 3129 3136
8. S.C. Mayo, M.C. de Jong, and M. Bloomston Surgery versus intra-arterial therapy for neuroendocrine liver metastasis: a multicenter international analysis Ann Surg Oncol 18 2011 3657 3665
9. J.A. Norton, R.S. Warren, and M.G. Kelly Aggressive surgery for metastatic liver neuroendocrine tumors Surgery 134 2003 1057 1063 discussion 1063-1065
10. A. Frilling, J. Li, and E. Malamutmann Treatment of liver metastases from neuroendocrine tumours in relation to the extent of hepatic disease Br J Surg 96 2009 175 184
11. S. Scigliano, R. Lebtahi, and F. Maire Clinical and imaging follow-up after exhaustive liver resection of endocrine metastases: a 15-year monocentric experience Endocr Relat Cancer 16 2009 977 990
12. E. Raymond, L. Dahan, and J.L. Raoul Sunitinib malate for the treatment of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors N Engl J Med 364 2011 501 513
13. P.F. Engstrom, P.T. Lavin, and C.G. Moertel Streptozocin plus fluorouracil versus doxorubicin therapy for metastatic carcinoid tumor J Clin Oncol 2 1984 1255 1259
14. J.C. Yao, M.H. Shah, and T. Ito Everolimus for advanced pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors N Engl J Med 364 2011 514 523
15. D. O'Toole, O. Hentic, and O. Corcos Chemotherapy for gastro-enteropancreatic endocrine tumours Neuroendocrinology 80 Suppl 1 2004 79 84
16. G. Rindi, C. Capella, and E. Solcia Introduction to a revised clinicopathological classification of neuroendocrine tumors of the gastroenteropancreatic tract Q J Nucl Med 44 2000 13 21
17. G. Rindi, G. Kloppel, and H. Alhman TNM staging of foregut (neuro)endocrine tumors: a consensus proposal including a grading system Virchows Arch 449 2006 395 401
18. G. Kloppel, G. Rindi, and M. Anlauf Site-specific biology and pathology of gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors Virchows Arch 451 Suppl 1 2007 S9 S27
19. D.S. Klimstra, R. Arnold, and C. Capella Neuroendocrine neoplasms of the pancreas F.T. Bosman, F. Carneiro, R.H. Hruban, N.D. Theise, WHO Classification of Tumours of the Digestive System 2010 IARC Lyon 322 326
20. American Joint Commission on Cancer, American Cancer Society 7th ed. 2010 Springer New York
21. The NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (NCCN Guidelines™) Neuroendocrine Tumors. (Version 1.2012). Available at: www.NCCN.org. Accessed April 2, 2012.
22. G.P. McEntee, D.M. Nagorney, and L.K. Kvols Cytoreductive hepatic surgery for neuroendocrine tumors Surgery 108 1990 1091 1096
23. F.G. Que, D.M. Nagorney, and K.P. Batts Hepatic resection for metastatic neuroendocrine carcinomas Am J Surg 169 1995 36 42 discussion 42-43
24. M.G. House, J.L. Cameron, and K.D. Lillemoe Differences in survival for patients with resectable versus unresectable metastases from pancreatic islet cell cancer J Gastrointest Surg 10 2006 138 145
25. K. Oberg, and B. Eriksson Endocrine tumours of the pancreas Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 19 2005 753 781
26. E.S. Glazer, J.F. Tseng, and W. Al-Refaie Long-term survival after surgical management of neuroendocrine hepatic metastases HPB (Oxford) 12 2010 427 433
27. M.C. de Jong, S.C. Mayo, and C. Pulitano Repeat curative intent liver surgery is safe and effective for recurrent colorectal liver metastasis: results from an international multi-institutional analysis J Gastrointest Surg 13 2009 2141 2151
28. M.C. de Jong, C. Pulitano, and D. Ribero Rates and patterns of recurrence following curative intent surgery for colorectal liver metastasis: an international multi-institutional analysis of 1669 patients Ann Surg 250 2009 440 448
29. T.M. Pawlik, and J.N. Vauthey Surgical margins during hepatic surgery for colorectal liver metastases: complete resection not millimeters defines outcome Ann Surg Oncol 15 2008 677 679
30. S. Seki, H. Sakaguchi, and H. Kadoya Laparoscopic microwave coagulation therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma Endoscopy 32 2000 591 597
31. S. Tsai, and T.M. Pawlik Outcomes of ablation versus resection for colorectal liver metastases: are we comparing apples with oranges? Ann Surg Oncol 16 2009 2422 2428
32. P.J. Mazzaglia, E. Berber, and M. Milas Laparoscopic radiofrequency ablation of neuroendocrine liver metastases: a 10-year experience evaluating predictors of survival Surgery 142 2007 10 19
33. S.A. Curley, F. Izzo, and P. Delrio Radiofrequency ablation of unresectable primary and metastatic hepatic malignancies: results in 123 patients Ann Surg 230 1999 1 8
34. T.F. Wood, D.M. Rose, and M. Chung Radiofrequency ablation of 231 unresectable hepatic tumors: indications, limitations, and complications Ann Surg Oncol 7 2000 593 600
35. A.J. Bilchik, T.F. Wood, and D.P. Allegra Radiofrequency ablation of unresectable hepatic malignancies: lessons learned Oncologist 6 2001 24 33
36. D. Elias, D. Goere, and G. Leroux Combined liver surgery and RFA for patients with gastroenteropancreatic endocrine tumors presenting with more than 15 metastases to the liver Eur J Surg Oncol 35 2009 1092 1097
37. D. Elias, J.H. Lefevre, and P. Duvillard Hepatic metastases from neuroendocrine tumors with a "thin slice" pathological examination: they are many more than you think Ann Surg 251 2010 307 310
38. A.S. Ho, J. Picus, and M.D. Darcy Long-term outcome after chemoembolization and embolization of hepatic metastatic lesions from neuroendocrine tumors AJR Am J Roentgenol 188 2007 1201 1207
39. E. Liapi, J.F. Geschwind, and J.A. Vossen Functional MRI evaluation of tumor response in patients with neuroendocrine hepatic metastasis treated with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization AJR Am J Roentgenol 190 2008 67 73
40. S. Gupta, M.M. Johnson, and R. Murthy Hepatic arterial embolization and chemoembolization for the treatment of patients with metastatic neuroendocrine tumors: variables affecting response rates and survival Cancer 104 2005 1590 1602
41. B.K. Eriksson, E.G. Larsson, and B.M. Skogseid Liver embolizations of patients with malignant neuroendocrine gastrointestinal tumors Cancer 83 1998 2293 2301
42. S. Gupta, J.C. Yao, and K. Ahrar Hepatic artery embolization and chemoembolization for treatment of patients with metastatic carcinoid tumors: the MD Anderson experience Cancer J 9 2003 261 267
43. A. Roche, B.V. Girish, and T. de Baere Trans-catheter arterial chemoembolization as first-line treatment for hepatic metastases from endocrine tumors Eur Radiol 13 2003 136 140
44. B. Guiu, F. Deschamps, and S. Aho Liver/biliary injuries following chemoembolisation of endocrine tumours and hepatocellular carcinoma: lipiodol vs drug-eluting beads J Hepatol 56 2012 609 617
45. E. Liapi, C.C. Georgiades, and K. Hong Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization: current technique and future promise Tech Vasc Interv Radiol 10 2007 2 11
46. A. Saxena, T.C. Chua, and L. Bester Factors predicting response and survival after yttrium-90 radioembolization of unresectable neuroendocrine tumor liver metastases: a critical appraisal of 48 cases Ann Surg 251 2010 910 916
47. A.S. Kennedy, W.A. Dezarn, and P. McNeillie Radioembolization for unresectable neuroendocrine hepatic metastases using resin 90Y-microspheres: early results in 148 patients Am J Clin Oncol 31 2008 271 279
48. T.K. Rhee, R.J. Lewandowski, and D.M. Liu 90Y Radioembolization for metastatic neuroendocrine liver tumors: preliminary results from a multi-institutional experience Ann Surg 247 2008 1029 1035
49. L. Bester, B. Meteling, and N. Pocock Radioembolization versus standard care of hepatic metastases: comparative retrospective cohort study of survival outcomes and adverse events in salvage patients J Vasc Interv Radiol 23 2012 96 105
50. A.K. Pfeifer, T. Gregersen, and H. Gronbaek Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy with Y-DOTATOC and (177)Lu-DOTATOC in advanced neuroendocrine tumors: results from a Danish cohort treated in Switzerland Neuroendocrinology 93 2011 189 196
51. S.C. Mayo, M.C. de Jong, and T.M. Pawlik Surgical management and emerging therapies to prolong survival in metastatic neuroendocrine cancer Ann Surg Oncol 18 Suppl 3 2011 S220 S221 author reply S222-S223
52. A.L. Gleisner, M.A. Choti, and L. Assumpcao Colorectal liver metastases: recurrence and survival following hepatic resection, radiofrequency ablation, and combined resection-radiofrequency ablation Arch Surg 143 2008 1204 1212
53. M. Hoyer, A. Swaminath, and S. Bydder Radiotherapy for liver metastases: a review of evidence Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 82 2012 1047 1057
54. K.A. Goodman, E.A. Wiegner, and K.E. Maturen Dose-escalation study of single-fraction stereotactic body radiotherapy for liver malignancies Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 78 2010 486 493
55. D.T. Chang, A. Swaminath, and M. Kozak Stereotactic body radiotherapy for colorectal liver metastases: a pooled analysis Cancer 117 2011 4060 4069
56. M.A. Stinauer, Q. Diot, and D.C. Westerly Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography response and normal tissue regeneration after stereotactic body radiotherapy to liver metastases Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 83 2012 e613 e618
57. J.N. Contessa, K.A. Griffith, and E. Wolff Radiotherapy for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 75 2009 1196 1200
58. Y.P. Le Treut, E. Grégoire, and J. Belghiti Location of the primary tumor and liver size are predictors for survival after liver transplantation for endocrine metastases. An 85-case French multicentric series Liver Transplant 13 2007 (S 159)
59. V. Mazzaferro, A. Pulvirenti, and J. Coppa Neuroendocrine tumors metastatic to the liver: how to select patients for liver transplantation? J Hepatol 47 2007 460 466
60. V. Mazzaferro, E. Regalia, and R. Doci Liver transplantation for the treatment of small hepatocellular carcinomas in patients with cirrhosis N Engl J Med 334 1996 693 699
61. C.G. Moertel, and J.A. Hanley Combination chemotherapy trials in metastatic carcinoid tumor and the malignant carcinoid syndrome Cancer Clin Trials 2 1979 327 334
62. J.A. Chan, and M.H. Kulke New treatment options for patients with advanced neuroendocrine tumors Curr Treat Options Oncol 12 2011 136 148
63. S. Ekeblad, A. Sundin, and E.T. Janson Temozolomide as monotherapy is effective in treatment of advanced malignant neuroendocrine tumors Clin Cancer Res 13 2007 2986 2991
64. A. Rinke, H.H. Muller, and C. Schade-Brittinger Placebo-controlled, double-blind, prospective, randomized study on the effect of octreotide LAR in the control of tumor growth in patients with metastatic neuroendocrine midgut tumors: a report from the PROMID Study Group J Clin Oncol 27 2009 4656 4663
65. H.A. Schmid, and P. Schoeffter Functional activity of the multiligand analog SOM230 at human recombinant somatostatin receptor subtypes supports its usefulness in neuroendocrine tumors Neuroendocrinology 80 Suppl 1 2004 47 50
66. L. Kvols, K.E. Oberg, and T. O'Dorisio Pasireotide (SOM230) shows efficacy and tolerability in the treatment of patients with advanced neuroendocrine tumors refractory or resistant to octreotide LAR: results from a Phase II study Endocr Relat Cancer 2012 Jul 17 [Epub ahead of print]
67. L. Catena, E. Bajetta, and M. Milione Mammalian target of rapamycin expression in poorly differentiated endocrine carcinoma: clinical and therapeutic future challenges Target Oncol 6 2011 65 68
68. B. Terris, J.Y. Scoazec, and L. Rubbia Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in digestive neuroendocrine tumours Histopathology 32 1998 133 138
69. J.C. Yao, J.X. Zhang, and A. Rashid Clinical and in vitro studies of imatinib in advanced carcinoid tumors Clin Cancer Res 13 2007 234 240
70. J.C. Yao, A. Phan, and P.M. Hoff Targeting vascular endothelial growth factor in advanced carcinoid tumor: a random assignment phase II study of depot octreotide with bevacizumab and pegylated interferon alpha-2b J Clin Oncol 26 2008 1316 1323
71. K.A. Varker, J. Campbell, and M.H. Shah Phase II study of thalidomide in patients with metastatic carcinoid and islet cell tumors Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 61 2008 661 668
72. J.B. Cwikla, A. Sankowski, and N. Seklecka Efficacy of radionuclide treatment DOTATATE Y-90 in patients with progressive metastatic gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine carcinomas (GEP-NETs): a phase II study Ann Oncol 21 2010 787 794
73. D. Elias, P. Lasser, and M. Ducreux Liver resection (and associated extrahepatic resections) for metastatic well-differentiated endocrine tumors: a 15-year single center prospective study Surgery 133 2003 375 382
74. D.A. Osborne, E.E. Zervos, and J. Strosberg Improved outcome with cytoreduction versus embolization for symptomatic hepatic metastases of carcinoid and neuroendocrine tumors Ann Surg Oncol 13 2006 572 581
75. T. Hibi, T. Sano, and Y. Sakamoto Surgery for hepatic neuroendocrine tumors: a single institutional experience in Japan Jpn J Clin Oncol 37 2007 102 107
76. CS Landry, C.R. Scoggins, and K.M. McMasters Management of hepatic metastasis of gastrointestinal carcinoid tumors J Surg Oncol 97 2008 253 258
77. A.J. Chambers, J.L. Pasieka, and E. Dixon The palliative benefit of aggressive surgical intervention for both hepatic and mesenteric metastases from neuroendocrine tumors Surgery 144 2008 645 651 discussion 651-653
78. A. Ahmed, G. Turner, and B. King Midgut neuroendocrine tumours with liver metastases: results of the UKINETS study Endocr Relat Cancer 16 2009 885 894