Geochemistry of mafic and ultramafic rocks in the type section of the Kromberg Formation, Barberton Greenstone Belt, South Africa

Special Paper of the Geological Society of America

Volumn 329, Issue , 1999, Pages 133-149

  Vennemann, T W ^a,b   Smith, H S ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN   (South Africa)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TÜBINGEN   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CHROMITE; FELDSPAR; GEOCHEMISTRY; MAGNESITE; MAGNETITE; MINERAL EXPLORATION; OLIVINE; SEPARATION; SERPENTINE; TRACE ELEMENTS;

CHEMICAL VARIATIONS; COMPOSITIONAL VARIATION; GENETIC RELATIONSHIPS; GREENSTONE BELTS; MAJOR AND TRACE ELEMENTS; MINERAL ASSEMBLAGE; PARTIAL MELTING; ULTRAMAFIC ROCKS;

VOLCANIC ROCKS;

FELDSPAR; GREENSCHIST FACIES; IGNEOUS GEOCHEMISTRY; MAFIC ROCK; PARTIAL MELTING; THOLEIITIC BASALT; TYPE SECTION; ULTRAMAFIC ROCK;

BARBERTON GREENSTONE BELT; KOMATI RIVER;

EID: 84871216433     PISSN: 00721077     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1130/0-8137-2329-9.133     Document Type: Article

References (73)

1. Anhaeusser, C. R., 1973, The evolution of early Precambrian crust of southern Africa: Royal Society London Philosophical Transactions, v. 273, p. 359-388.
2. Armstrong, R. A., Compston, W., de Wit, M. J., and Williams, I. S., 1990, The stratigraphy of the 3.5-3.2 Ga Barberton Greenstone Belt revisited: a single zircon ion microprobe study: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 101, p. 90-106.
3. Arndt, N. T., 1977, Ultrabasic magmas and high-degree melting of the mantle: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 64, p. 201-221.
4. Arndt, N. T., 1986, Differentiation of komatiite flows: Journal of Petrology, v. 27, p. 279-301.
5. Arndt, N. T., 1994, Archean komatiites, in Condie, K. C., ed., Archean crustal evolution: Amsterdam, Elsevier, p. 11-44
6. Arndt, N. T., and Nesbitt, R.W., 1982, Geochemistry of Munro Township basalts, in Arndt, N. T., and Nisbet, E. G., eds., Komatiites: London, George, Allen and Unwin, p. 309-323.
7. Arndt, N. T., and Nesbitt, R. W., 1984, Magma mixing in komatiitic lavas from Munro Township, Ontario, in Kröner, A., Hanson, G. N., and Goodwin, A. M., eds., Archean geochemistry: Berlin, Springer Verlag, p. 99-114.
8. Arndt, N. T., Naldrett, A. J., and Pyke, D. R., 1977, Komatiitic and iron-rich tholeiitic lavas of Munro Township, northeast Ontario: Journal of Petrol- ogy, v. 18, p. 319-369.
9. Arth, J. G., 1976, Behaviour of trace elements during magmatic processes -;a summary of theoretical models and their application: U.S. Geological Survey Journal of Research, v. 4, p. 41-47.
10. Arth, J. G., Arndt, N. T., and Naldrett, A. J., 1977, Genesis of Archean komatiites from Munro Township, Ontario: trace element evidence: Geology, v. 5, p. 590-596.
11. Barley, M. E., Sylvester, G. C., Groves, D. I., 1984, Archean calc-alkaline volcanism in the Pilbara Block, Australia: Precambrian Research, v. 24, p. 285-319.
12. Bottinga, Y., and Weill, D. F., 1970, Densities of liquid silicate systems calculated from partial molar volumes of oxide components: American Journal of Science, v. 269, p. 169-182.
13. Brevart, O., Dupre, B., and Allegre, C. J., 1986, Lead-lead age of komatiitic lavas and limitations on the structure and evolution of the Precambrian mantle: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 77, p. 293-302.
14. Byerly, G. R., Lowe, D. R., Nocita, B. W., and Ransom, B. L., 1983, Apparent volcanic cycles in the Archean Swaziland Supergroup, Barberton Mountain Land, South Africa: a result of non-magmatic processes: 14th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, Houston, Abstracts, pt. 1, p. 84-85.
15. Byerly, G. R., Kröner, A., Lowe, D. R., Todt, W., and Walsh, M. M., 1996, Prolonged magmatism and time constraints for sediment deposition in the Early Archean Barberton Greenstone Belt: evidence from the Upper Onverwacht and Fig Tree Groups: Precambrian Research, v. 78, p. 125-138.
16. Card, K. D., 1990, A review of the Superior Province of the Canadian Shield, a product of Archean accretion: Precambrian Research, v. 48, p. 99-156.
17. Condie, K. C., and Harrison, N. M., 1976, Geochemistry of the Archean Bulawayan Group, Midlands Greenstone belt, Rhodesia: Precambrian Research, v. 3, p. 253-267.
18. Condie, K. C., Viljoen, M. J., and Kable, E. J. D., 1977, Effects of alteration on element distribution in Archean tholeiites from the Barberton area: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 64, p. 75-89.
19. Cox, K. G., and Mitchell, C., 1988, Importance of crystal settling in the differentiation of Deccan Trap basaltic magmas: Nature, v. 333, p. 447-449.
20. de Ronde, C. E. J., and De Wit, M. J., 1994, Tectonic history of the Barberton Greenstone Belt, South Africa: 490 million years of Archean crustal evolution: Tectonics, v. 13, p. 983-1005.
21. de Wit, M. J., 1982, Gliding and overthrust nappe tectonics in the Barberton Greenstone Belt: Journal of Structural Geology, v. 4, p. 117-136.
22. de Wit, M. J., Hart, R. A., and Hart, R. J., 1987, The Jamestown Ophiolite Complex, Barberton mountain belt: a section through 3.5 Ga oceanic crust: Journal of African Earth Sciences, v. 6, p. 681-730.
23. Donelly, T. W., Thompson, G., and Salisbury, M. H., 1980, Chemistry of altered basalts at site 417: Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 51 Initial Reports, v. 51/53, p. 1319-1330.
24. Duchac, K. C., and Hanor, J. S., 1987, Origin and timing of the metasomatic silicification of an Early Archean komatiite sequence, Barberton Mountain Land, South Africa: Precambrian Research, v. 37, p. 125-146.
25. Erlank, A. J., and Reid, D. L., 1974, Geochemistry, mineralogy and petrology of basalts: Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 25, p. 543-551.
26. Green, D. H., 1981, Petrogenesis of Archean ultramafic magmas and implications for Archean tectonics, in Kröner, A., ed., Precambrian plate tectonics: Amsterdam, Elsevier, p. 469-491.
27. Gruau, G., Chauvel, C., Arndt, N. T., and Cornichet, J., 1990, Al-depletion in komatiites and garnet fractionation in the Early Archean mantle: Hf isotopic constraints: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 54, p. 3095-3101.
28. Gruau, G., Tourpin, S., Fourcade, S., and Blais, S., 1992, Loss of isotopic (Nd, O) and chemical (REE) memory during metamorphism of komatiites: new evidence from eastern Finland: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 112, p. 66-82.
29. Hanor, J. S., and Duchac, K., 1990, Isovolumetric silicification of Early Archean komatiites: geochemical mass balances and constraints on origin: Journal of Geology, v. 98, p. 863-877.
30. Hart, S. R., and Davis, K. E., 1978, Nickel partitioning between olivine and melt: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 40, p. 203-219.
31. Hart, S. R., Erlank, A. J., and Kable, E. J. D., 1974, Seafloor basalt alteration: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 44, p. 219-230.
32. Hawkesworth, C. J., and O'Nions, R. K., 1977, Petrogenesis of some Archean volcanic rocks from southern Africa: Journal of Petrology, v. 18, p. 487-520.
33. Hoffman, S. E., Wilson, M., and Stakes, D. S., 1986, Inferred oxygen isotope profile of Archean oceanic crust, Onverwacht Group, South Africa: Nature, v. 321, p. 55-58.
34. Hunter, D. R., 1974, Crustal development in the Kaapvaal Craton: Precambrian Research, v. 4, p. 259-294.
35. Huppert, H. E., and Sparks, R. S. J., 1981, The fluid dynamics of a basaltic magma chamber replenished by an influx of hot dense ultrabasic magma: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 75, p. 279-289.
36. Hynes, A., 1980, Carbonitization and mobility of Ti, Y and Zr in the Ascot Formation metabasalts, Quebec: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 75, p. 79-87.
37. Irving, A. J., and Frey, F. A., 1978, A review on trace element distribution in rocks: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 42, p. 771-787.
38. Jahn, B. M., Auvray, B., Blais, S., Capedevila, R., Cornichet, J., Vidal, F., and Hameurt, J., 1980, Trace element geochemistry and petrogenesis of Finnish greenstone belts: Journal of Petrology, v. 21, p. 411-441.
39. Jahn, B. M., Gruau, G., and Glikson, A. J., 1982, Komatiites of the Onverwacht Group, S. Africa: REE Geochemistry, Sm/Nd age and mantle evolution: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 80, p. 25-37.
40. Jensen, L. S., 1976, A new cation plot for classifying sub-alkalic volcanic rocks: Ontario Division of Mines Miscellaneous Paper 66, 22 p.
41. Jolly, W. T., 1980, Development and degradation of Archean lavas, Abitibi area, in the light of major element geochemistry: Journal of Petrology, v. 21, p. 323-363.
42. Kamo, S. L., and Davis, D. W., 1994, Reassessment of Archean crustal development in the Barberton Mountain Land, South Africa, based on U-Pb dating: Tectonics, v. 13, p. 167-192.
43. Kesson, S. E., 1973, The primary geochemistry of the Monaro alkaline volcanics, S.E. Australia: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 42, p. 93-108.
44. Kröner, A., Byerly, G. R., and Lowe, D. R., 1991, Chronology of Early Archean granite-greenstone evolution in the Barberton Mountain Land, South Africa, based on precise dating by single zircon evaporation: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 103, p. 41-54.
45. Lahaye, Y., Arndt, N., Byerly, G. R., Chauvel, C., Fourcade, S., and Gruau, G., 1995, The influence of alteration on the trace-element and Nd isotopic compositions of komatiites: Chemical Geology, v. 126, p. 43-64.
46. Lécuyer, C., Gruau, G., Anhaeusser, C. R., and Fourcade, S., 1994, The origin of fluids and the effects of metamorphism on the primary chemical compositions of Barberton komatiites: New evidence from geochemical (REE) and isotopic (Nd, O, H, 39Ar/40Ar) data: Geochemica et Cosmochemica Acta, v. 58, p. 969-984.
47. Le Roex, A. P., 1980, Geochemistry and mineralogy of selected Atlantic Ocean basalts [Ph.D. thesis]: Cape Town, University of Cape Town, 166 p.
48. Lowe, D. R., and Knauth, L. P., 1977, Sedimentology of the Onverwacht Group (3.4 billion years), Transvaal, South Africa, and its bearing on the characteristics and evolution of the early earth: Journal of Geology, v. 85, p. 699-723.
49. Lowe, D. R., Byerly, G. R., Ransom, B. L., and Nocita, B. R., 1985, Stratigraphic and sedimentological evidence bearing on structural repetition in Early Archean rocks of the Barberton Greenstone Belt, South Africa: Precambrian Research, v. 27, p. 165-186.
50. MacGeehan, P., and MacLean, W., 1980, An Archean sub-seafloor geothermal system, "calc-alkali" trends and massive sulfide genesis: Nature, v. 286, p. 767-771.
51. Mathias, M., Siebert, J. C., and Rickwood, P. C., 1970, Some aspects of ultramafic xenoliths: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 26, p. 75-86.
52. Mysen, B. O., and Kushiro, I., 1977, Compositional variations of coexisting phases with degree of melting of peridotite in the upper mantle: American Mineralogist, v. 62, p. 843-865.
53. Nesbitt, R. W., and Sun, S. S., 1976, Geochemistry of Archean spinifex-textured peridotites and magnesian and low magnesian tholeiites: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 31, p. 433-453.
54. Nisbet, E. G., and Chinner, G. A., 1981, Controls on the eruption of maficultramafic lavas, Ruth Well Ni-Cu prospect, west Pilbara: Economic Geology, v. 76, p. 1729-1735.
55. Nisbet, E. G., Bickle, M. J., and Martin, A., 1977, The mafic and ultramafic lavas of the Belingwe Greenstone Belt, Rhodesia: Journal of Petrology, v. 18, p. 521-566.
56. Nixon, P. H., Rogers, N.W., and Gibson, I. C., 1981, Depleted and fertile mantle xenoliths from southern Africa: Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, v. 9, p. 285-322.
57. O'Hara, M. J., Saunders, M. J., and Mercy, E. L. P., 1975, Garnet-peridotite, primary ultrabasic magma and eclogite; interpretation of upper mantle processes in kimberlite: Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, v. 9, p. 571-604.
58. Pearce, J. A., and Cann, J. R., 1973, Tectonic setting of basic volcanic rocks determined using trace element analysis: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 5, p. 361-376.
59. Pearce, J. A., and Norry, M. J., 1979, Petrogenetic implications of Ti, Zr, Y, Nb variations in volcanic rocks: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 69, p. 33-47.
60. Shaw, D. M., 1970, Trace element fractionation during anatexis: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 34, p. 237-243.
61. Shervais, J. W., 1982, Ti-V plots and petrogenesis of modern ophiolitic lavas: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 59, p. 101-118.
62. Smith, H. S., and Erlank, A. J., 1982, Geochemistry and petrogenesis of komatiites from the Barberton Greenstone Belt, in Arndt, N. T., and Nisbet, E. G., eds., Komatiites: George, London, Allen and Unwin, p. 348-398.
63. Smith, H. S., Erlank, A. J., and Duncan, A. R., 1980, Geochemistry of some ultramafic komatiite lava flows from the Barberton Mountain Land, South Africa: Precambrian Research, v. 11, p. 399-415.
64. Smith, H. S., O'Neil, J. R., and Erlank, A. J., 1984, Oxygen isotope compositions of minerals and rocks and chemical alteration patterns in pillow lavas from Barberton, in Kröner, A., ed., Archean geochemistry: New York, Springer Verlag, p. 115-137.
65. Storey, M., Mahoney, J. J., Kroenke, L. W., and Saunders, A. D., 1991, Are oceanic plateaus sites of komatiite formation?: Geology, v. 19, p. 376-379.
66. Sun, S. S., and Nesbitt, R. W., 1977, Chemical heterogeneity of the Archean mantle, composition of the earth and mantle evolution: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 35, p. 429-448.
67. Takahashi, E., and Scarfe, C. M., 1985, Melting of peridotite to 14 Gpa and the genesis of komatiite: Nature, v. 315, p. 566-568.
68. Viljoen, M. J., and Viljoen, R. P., 1969a, The geology and geochemistry of the upper formations: Geological Society of South Africa Special Publication 2, p. 113-153.
69. Viljoen, M. J., and Viljoen, R. P., 1969b, Introduction to the geology of the Barberton Greenstone Belt: Geological Society of South Africa Special Publication 2, p. 9-28.
70. Viljoen, R. P., and Viljoen, M. J., 1969, The effects of metamorphism and serpentinization on the volcanic and associated rocks of the Barberton region: Geological Society of South Africa Special Publication 2, p. 29-54.
71. Williams, D. A. C., and Furnell, R. G., 1979, Reassessment of part of the Barberton type area: Precambrian Research, v. 9, p. 325-347.
72. Willis, J. P., Erlank, A. J., Gurney, J. J., Theil, R. H., and Ahrens, L. H., 1972, Major, minor and trace element data for some Apollo 11, 12, 14 and 15 samples, in Heymann, L. D., ed., Proceedings, Third Lunar Science Conference, v. 2: Cambridge, Massachusetts, MIT Press, p. 1269-1273.
73. Xie, Q., and Kerrich, R., 1994, Silicate-perovskite and majorite signature komatiites from the Archean Abitibi Greenstone Belt: Implications for early mantle differentiation and stratification: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 99, p. 15799-15812.