Centralising Dynamics in Australian Federalism

Australian Journal of Politics and History

Volumn 58, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 580-590

  Fenna, Alan ^a  

^a CURTIN UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84871209992     PISSN: 00049522     EISSN: 14678497     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8497.2012.01654.x     Document Type: Article

References (71)

1. The Hon. Chief Justice Robert French, "The Incredible Shrinking Federation: voyage to a singular state?" in Gabrielle Appleby, Nicholas Aroney and Thomas John, eds, The Future of Australian Federalism: Comparative and Interdisciplinary Perspectives (Cambridge, 2012).
2. Due in part to a preoccupation with normative disputes; see Alan Fenna, "Federalism" in R.A.W. Rhodes, ed., The Australian Study of Politics (Basingstoke, 2009), pp.146-59.
3. W.S. Livingston, "A Note on the Nature of Federalism", Political Science Quarterly, Vol. 67, 1 (1952), p. 88.
4. K.C. Wheare, Federal Government, 4th edn (Oxford, 1963), p.243.
5. French, "Incredible Shrinking Federation", p.63.
6. Dietmar Braun, "How Centralized Federations Avoid Centralization", Regional and Federal Studies, Vol. 21, 1 (2011), pp. 35-54.
7. John D. Nugent, Safeguarding Federalism: How States Protect their Interests in National Policymaking (Norman OK, 2009
8. Andrew Parkin, "The States, Federalism and Political Science: a Fifty-Year Appraisal", Australian Journal of Public Administration, Vol. 62, 2 (2003), pp. 101-112
9. Vijaya L. Ramamurthy, "Tied Grants and Policy Reform in Hospitals and Schools" in Paul Kildea, Andrew Lynch and George Williams, eds, Tomorrow's Federation: Reforming Australian Government (Leichhardt, NSW, 2012), pp.114-30.
10. Alan Fenna, "Adaptation and Reform in Australian Federalism" in Kildea, and Williams, eds, Tomorrow's Federation, pp.26-42.
11. Alan Fenna, "Commonwealth Fiscal Power and Australia Federalism", University of New South Wales Law Journal, Vol. 31, 2 (2008), pp. 509-29.
12. Robyn Hollander and Haig Patapan, "Pragmatic Federalism: Australian Federalism from Hawke to Howard", Australian Journal of Public Administration, Vol. 66, 3 (2007), pp. 280-97.
13. Parris N. Glendening and Mavis Mann Reeves, Pragmatic Federalism: an Intergovernmental View of American Government (Pacific Palisades CA, 1977), p. 8
14. We write from a point of view - the view that American federalism is pragmatic. We believe that the intergovernmental relations within the system are constantly evolving, problem-solving attempts to work out solutions to major problems on an issue-by-issue basis
15. Hollander and Patapan, "Pragmatic Federalism", p.288.
16. Bhajan Grewal and Peter Sheehan, "Understanding the Evolution of Constitutional Federalism: the Case of Australia", Public Finance and Management, Vol. 4, 4 (2004), pp. 559-91.
17. George Williams, "Cooperative Federalism and the Revival of the Corporations Law: Wakim and Beyond", Company and Securities Law Journal, Vol. 20 (2002), pp. 160-71
18. Some would argue that it has been inexplicably and indefensibly so; see James Allan and Nicholas Aroney, "An Uncommon Court: how the High Court of Australia has undermined Australian Federalism", Sydney Law Review, Vol. 30, 2 (2008), pp. 245-94.
19. French, Incredible Shrinking Federation, p.63.
20. Leslie Zines, "The Federal Balance and the Position of the States" In Gregory Craven, ed., The Convention Debates 1891-1898: Commentaries, Indices and Guide (Sydney, 1986), p.75.
21. Brian Galligan, Politics of the High Court: a Study of the Judicial Branch of Government in Australia (St Lucia Qld, 1987), p.250.
22. Geoffrey Sawer, Australian Federalism in the Courts (Carlton, 1967), p.6.
23. William E. Leuchtenburg, The Supreme Court Reborn: the Constitutional Revolution in the Age of Roosevelt (New York, 1995).
24. Edward S. Corwin, "The Passing of Dual Federalism", Virginia Law Review, Vol. 36, 1 (1950), pp. 1-24
25. John Joseph Wallis and Wallace E. Oates, "The Impact of the New Deal on American Federalism" In Michael D. Bordo, Claudia Goldin and Eugene N. White, eds, The Defining Moment: the Great Depression and the American Economy in the Twentieth Century (Chicago IL, 1998), pp.155-80.
26. In the period when the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (JCPC) reigned supreme over the Canadian Constitution -viz., British North America Act 1867- it was strikingly supportive of federalism. However, it has been convincingly argued that in doing so the JCPC was merely bringing the BNA Act into line with the realities of Canadian society and Canadian federalism. See Alan C. Cairns, "The Judicial Committee and its Critics", Canadian Journal of Political Science, Vol. 4, 3 (1971), pp. 301-345.
27. Herbert Wechsler, "The Political Safeguards of Federalism: the role of the states in the composition and selection of the national government", Columbia Law Review, Vol. 54, 4 (1954), pp. 543-60
28. Wechsler seemed to have rather unrealistic expectations of how effective those political safeguards would be.
29. John Kincaid, "The Rise of Coercive Federalism in the United States: dynamic change with little formal reform" in Appleby, Aroney and John, eds, The Future of Australian Federalism, p.158.
30. Robert F. Nagel, The Implosion of American Federalism (New York, 2001). With some exaggeration, Feeley and Rubin go so far as to declare that "the United States no longer has a federal system"; Malcolm Feeley and Edward L. Rubin, Federalism: Political Identity and Tragic Compromise (Ann Arbor MI, 2008), p.125.
31. Hartmut Klatt, "Centralizing Trends in West German Federalism, 1949-89" in Charlie Jeffery, ed., Recasting German Federalism: the Legacies of Unification (London, ); Arthur Benz and Jörg Broschek, "Germany: federalism under unitary pressure" in John Loughlin, John Kincaid and Wilfried Swenden, eds, The Routledge Handbook of Regionalism and Federalism (Abingdon, 2013 forthcoming).1999
32. Brian Galligan and John S. F. Wright, "Australian Federalism: a prospective assessment", Publius, Vol. 32, 2 (2002), p. 155.
33. Johannes Popitz, "Der Finanzausgleich" in Wilhelm Gerloff and Franz Meisel, eds, Handbuch der Finanzwissenschaft, Vol. 2 (Tübingen, 1927), pp.338-75.
34. "Therefore one can safely drop the hypothesis that government centralization is a somehow inevitable destiny of all nations [...]."Charles B. Blankart, "The Process of Government Centralization: a constitutional view", Constitutional Political Economy, Vol. 11, 1 (2000), p. 31.
35. Geoffrey Sawer, Modern Federalism (London, 1969), p.64.
36. Wheare, Federal Government, p.238.
37. J.A. Corry, "The Federal Dilemma", Canadian Journal of Economics and Political Science, Vol. 7, 2 (1941), pp. 215-228.
38. Alan Fenna, "The Malaise of Federalism: comparative reflections on Commonwealth-State relations", Australian Journal of Public Administration, Vol. 66, 3 (2007), pp. 298-306
39. The Division of Powers in Australian Federalism: subsidiarity and the single market 2, 3 (2007), pp. 175-94.
40. Paul E. Peterson, The Price of Federalism (Washington DC, 1995).
41. See Keith Banting, "Social Citizenship and Federalism: is a federal welfare state a contradiction in terms?1" In Scott L. Greer, ed., Territory, Democracy and Justice: Regionalism and Federalism in Western Democracies (Basingstoke, 2006), pp.44-66.
42. John Kincaid, "De Facto Devolution and Urban Funding: the priority of persons over places", Journal of Urban Affairs, Vol. 21, 2 (1999), p. 158.
43. Peter Graefe and Andrew Bourns, "The Gradual Defederalization of Canadian Health Policy", Publius, Vol. 39, 1 (2009), pp. 187-209.
44. "(1) Sexual conduct involving only consenting adults acting in private is not to be subject, by or under any law of the Commonwealth, a State or a Territory, to any arbitrary interference with privacy within the meaning of Article 17 of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights."
45. Galligan and Wright, "Australian Federalism", p.166.
46. A.V. Dicey, Introduction to the Study of the Law of the Constitution, 10th edn (London 1959), p.171
47. Jenna Bednar, The Robust Federation: Principles of Design (Cambridge, 2009
48. Bradford R. Clark, "Separation of Powers as a Safeguard of Federalism", Texas Law Review, Vol. 79, 6 (2001), pp. 1321-1458.
49. Mikhail Filippov, Peter C. Ordeshook and Olga Shvetsova, Designing Federalism: a Theory of Self-Sustainable Federal Institutions (Cambridge, 2004), pp.187-90.
50. Bednar, The Robust Federation, p.219
51. I discuss her argument further in "Form and Function in Federal Systems', Australian Journal of Political Science, Vol. 46, 1 (2011), pp. 167-79.
52. Nagel, Implosion, p.9.
53. Grewal and Sheehan, "Understanding the Evolution of Constitutional Federalism", p.583.
54. Sawer, Modern Federalism, pp.186-7.
55. A reality that some authors have tried hard to get around; see, for instance, Nicholas Aroney, Scott Prasser and Alison Taylor, "Federal Diversity in Australia: a counter narrative" in Appleby, Aroney and John, eds, The Future of Australian Federalism, pp.272-99.
56. Jan Erk, Explaining Federalism: State, Society and Congruence in Austria, Belgium, Canada, Germany, and Switzerland (London, 2007).
57. Kincaid, "The Rise of Coercive Federalism in the United States", p.158.
58. Feeley and Rubin, Federalism, pp.125-115.
59. Jan Erk and Edward Koning, "New Structuralism and Institutional Change: federalism between centralization and decentralization", Comparative Political Studies, Vol. 43, 3 (2010), pp. 353-78.
60. As Aroney, Prasser, and Taylor argue in "Federal Diversity in Australia".
61. Garth Stevenson, Unfulfilled Union: Canadian Federalism and National Unity, 5th edn (Montreal and Kingston, 2009).
62. William H. Riker, Federalism: Origin, Operation, Significance (Boston, 1964), p.113.
63. John Hirst, The Sentimental Nation: the Making of the Australian Commonwealth (Melbourne, 2000).
64. Brian Galligan, "Federal Theory and Australian Federalism: a political science perspective" In Brian Galligan, ed., Australian Federalism (Melbourne, 1989), p.51.
65. Feeley and Rubin, Federalism: political identity and tragic compromise.
66. Joan Rydon, "Frustrations of Federalism", Australian Quarterly, Vol. 47, 4 (1975), p. 102.
67. Galligan, Politics of the High Court, p.26.
68. Brian Galligan and David Mardiste, "Labor's Reconciliation with Federalism", Australian Journal of Political Science, Vol. 27, 1 (1992), pp. 71-86
69. Andrew Parkin and Vern Marshall, "Frustrated, Reconciled or Divided? The Australian Labor Party and federalism", Australian Journal of Political Science, Vol. 29, 1 (1994), pp. 18-39.
70. Robyn Hollander, "John Howard, Economic Liberalism, Social Conservatism and Australian Federalism", Australian Journal of Politics and History, Vol. 54, 1 (2008), pp. 85-103.
71. Galligan, "Federal Theory and Australian Federalism", p.50.