메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 75, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 7-14

Generics, chemisimilars and biosimilars: Is clinical testing fit for purpose?

Author keywords

Biomarkers; EMA; FDA; Hatch Waxman; Inhalers; Pharmacokinetics

Indexed keywords

GENERIC DRUG; PLACEBO;

EID: 84871157556     PISSN: 03065251     EISSN: 13652125     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2012.04323.x     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (18)

References (45)
  • 1
    • 80053928995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comment on: generics and therapeutic substitution: a viewpoint on achieving best practice in Europe by Johnston etal
    • Warren JB, Oselin K. Comment on: generics and therapeutic substitution: a viewpoint on achieving best practice in Europe by Johnston etal. BJCP 2011; 72: 733-34.
    • (2011) BJCP , vol.72 , pp. 733-734
    • Warren, J.B.1    Oselin, K.2
  • 3
    • 84871138197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biography. The man. W. Edwards Deeming Institute. Available at (last accessed 25 May 2012).
    • Biography. The man. W. Edwards Deeming Institute. 2012. Available at http://www.deming.org (last accessed 25 May 2012).
    • (2012)
  • 4
    • 84871115576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fault tree analysis - a history. Proceedings of the 17th International Systems Safety Conference. Available at (last accessed 26 February 2012).
    • Ericson C. Fault tree analysis - a history. Proceedings of the 17th International Systems Safety Conference. 1999. Available at http://www.fault-tree.net/papers/ericson-fta-history.pdf. (last accessed 26 February 2012).
    • (1999)
    • Ericson, C.1
  • 6
    • 69049110999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multinational medicines - ensuring drug quality in an era of global manufacturing
    • Okie S. Multinational medicines - ensuring drug quality in an era of global manufacturing. N Engl J Med 2009; 361: 737-40.
    • (2009) N Engl J Med , vol.361 , pp. 737-740
    • Okie, S.1
  • 7
    • 70350104487 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • U.S. Food and Drug Administration., 31st edn. Rockville, MD: U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Available at (last accessed 26 February 2012).
    • U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Orange Book: Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations, 31st edn. Rockville, MD: U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 2011. Available at http://www.fda.gov/downloads/Drugs/DevelopmentApprovalProcess/UCM071436.pdf (last accessed 26 February 2012).
    • (2011) Orange Book: Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations
  • 9
    • 36148940587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ongoing regulation of generic drugs
    • Frank RG. The ongoing regulation of generic drugs. N Engl J Med 2007; 357: 1993-6.
    • (2007) N Engl J Med , vol.357 , pp. 1993-1996
    • Frank, R.G.1
  • 10
    • 84871144876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Medicines Agency. Guideline on the investigation of bioequivalence, CPMP/EWP/QWP/1401/98 rev. 1/ corr. London. Available at (last accessed 26 February 2012).
    • European Medicines Agency. Guideline on the investigation of bioequivalence, CPMP/EWP/QWP/1401/98 rev. 1/ corr. London. 2010. Available at http://www.emea.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Scientific_guideline/2010/01/WC500070039.pdf (last accessed 26 February 2012).
    • (2010)
  • 11
    • 84871161278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Food and Drug Administration. Bioequivalence recommendations for specific products. Available at (last accessed 24 May 2012).
    • Food and Drug Administration. Bioequivalence recommendations for specific products. 2012. Available at http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/Guidances/ucm075207.htm (last accessed 24 May 2012).
    • (2012)
  • 13
    • 70449463992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparing generic and innovator drugs: a review of 12 years of bioequivalence data from the United States Food and Drug Administration
    • Davit BM, Nwakama PE, Buehler GJ, Conner D, Haidar SH, Patel DT, Yang Y, Yu LX, Woodcock J. Comparing generic and innovator drugs: a review of 12 years of bioequivalence data from the United States Food and Drug Administration. Ann Pharmacol 2009; 43: 1583-97.
    • (2009) Ann Pharmacol , vol.43 , pp. 1583-1597
    • Davit, B.M.1    Nwakama, P.E.2    Buehler, G.J.3    Conner, D.4    Haidar, S.H.5    Patel, D.T.6    Yang, Y.7    Yu, L.X.8    Woodcock, J.9
  • 14
    • 0015379868 scopus 로고
    • Use of confidence intervals in analysis of comparative bioavailability trials
    • Westlake WJ. Use of confidence intervals in analysis of comparative bioavailability trials. J Pharm Sci 1972; 61: 1340-1.
    • (1972) J Pharm Sci , vol.61 , pp. 1340-1341
    • Westlake, W.J.1
  • 15
    • 0023615056 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of the two one-sided tests procedure and the power approach for assessing the equivalence of average bioavailability
    • Schuirmann DJ. A comparison of the two one-sided tests procedure and the power approach for assessing the equivalence of average bioavailability. J Pharmacokinet Biopharm 1987; 15: 657-80.
    • (1987) J Pharmacokinet Biopharm , vol.15 , pp. 657-680
    • Schuirmann, D.J.1
  • 16
    • 84871145708 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Generics in the centralised procedure. Progress and Current Issues. Available at (last accessed 26 February 2012).
    • Wade G. Generics in the centralised procedure. Progress and Current Issues. 2011. Available at http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/library/Presentation/2011/06/WC5001078document_72.pdf (last accessed 26 February 2012).
    • (2011)
    • Wade, G.1
  • 17
    • 84871132169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Medicines Agency. Notes for Guidance on the clinical requirements for locally applied locally acting products containing known constituents. CPMP/EWP/239/95. London, Available at (last accessed 26 February 2012).
    • European Medicines Agency. Notes for Guidance on the clinical requirements for locally applied locally acting products containing known constituents. CPMP/EWP/239/95. London, 1996. Available at http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Scientific_guideline/2009/09/WC500003687.pdf (last accessed 26 February 2012).
    • (1996)
  • 18
    • 84871145392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Medicines Agency. Points to consider on the requirements for clinical documentation for orally inhaled products (OIP), CPMP/EWP/4151/00. London, Available at (last accessed 26 February 2012).
    • European Medicines Agency. Points to consider on the requirements for clinical documentation for orally inhaled products (OIP), CPMP/EWP/4151/00. London, 2004. Available at http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Scientific_guideline/2009/09/WC500003558.pdf (last accessed 26 February 2012).
    • (2004)
  • 19
    • 84871108553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Medicines Agency. The guideline on the requirements for clinical documentation for orally inhaled products (OIP) including the requirements for demonstration of therapeutic equivalence between two inhaled products for use in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in adults and for use in the treatment of asthma in children and adolescents, CPMP/EWP/4151/00 Rev. 1. London, Available at (last accessed 26 February 2012).
    • European Medicines Agency. The guideline on the requirements for clinical documentation for orally inhaled products (OIP) including the requirements for demonstration of therapeutic equivalence between two inhaled products for use in the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in adults and for use in the treatment of asthma in children and adolescents, CPMP/EWP/4151/00 Rev. 1. London, 2009. Available at http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Scientific_guideline/2009/09/WC500003504.pdf (last accessed 26 February 2012).
    • (2009)
  • 20
    • 79960258278 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Meaningful placebos - controlling the uncontrollable
    • Moerman DE. Meaningful placebos - controlling the uncontrollable. N Engl J Med 2011; 365: 171-2.
    • (2011) N Engl J Med , vol.365 , pp. 171-172
    • Moerman, D.E.1
  • 21
    • 0032589109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhaled beclomethasone with non-CFC propellant (HFA 134a) is equivalent to BDP-CFC for the treatment of asthma
    • Milanowski J, Qualtrough J, Perrin VL. Inhaled beclomethasone with non-CFC propellant (HFA 134a) is equivalent to BDP-CFC for the treatment of asthma. Resp Med 1999; 93: 245-51.
    • (1999) Resp Med , vol.93 , pp. 245-251
    • Milanowski, J.1    Qualtrough, J.2    Perrin, V.L.3
  • 22
    • 0032763096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics of CFC & HFA MDIs of beclomethasone dipropionate
    • Lipworth BJ, Jackson CM. Pharmacokinetics of CFC & HFA MDIs of beclomethasone dipropionate. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1999; 48: 866-8.
    • (1999) Br J Clin Pharmacol , vol.48 , pp. 866-868
    • Lipworth, B.J.1    Jackson, C.M.2
  • 23
    • 0026799488 scopus 로고
    • Determination of the relative bioavailability of salbutamol to the lung following inhalation
    • Hindle M, Chrystyn H. Determination of the relative bioavailability of salbutamol to the lung following inhalation. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1992; 34: 311-5.
    • (1992) Br J Clin Pharmacol , vol.34 , pp. 311-315
    • Hindle, M.1    Chrystyn, H.2
  • 24
    • 0028359883 scopus 로고
    • Relative bioavailability of salbutamol to the lung following inhalation using metered dose inhalation methods and spacer devices
    • Hindle M, Chrystyn H. Relative bioavailability of salbutamol to the lung following inhalation using metered dose inhalation methods and spacer devices. Thorax 1994; 49: 549-53.
    • (1994) Thorax , vol.49 , pp. 549-553
    • Hindle, M.1    Chrystyn, H.2
  • 25
    • 0028935093 scopus 로고
    • Dry powder inhalers are bioequivalent to metered-dose inhalers: a study using a new urinary albuterol (salbutamol) assay technique
    • Hindle M, Newton DAG, Chrystyn H. Dry powder inhalers are bioequivalent to metered-dose inhalers: a study using a new urinary albuterol (salbutamol) assay technique. Chest 1995; 107: 629-33.
    • (1995) Chest , vol.107 , pp. 629-633
    • Hindle, M.1    Newton, D.A.G.2    Chrystyn, H.3
  • 26
    • 28244486426 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of different methods of inhalation from salbutamol metered dose inhalers by urinary drug excretion and methacholine challenge
    • Tomlinson HS, Corlett SA, Allen MB, Chrystyn H. Assessment of different methods of inhalation from salbutamol metered dose inhalers by urinary drug excretion and methacholine challenge. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2005; 60: 605-10.
    • (2005) Br J Clin Pharmacol , vol.60 , pp. 605-610
    • Tomlinson, H.S.1    Corlett, S.A.2    Allen, M.B.3    Chrystyn, H.4
  • 27
    • 0043031108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dose-response relationship and reproducibility of urinary salbutamol excretion during the first 30 min after an inhalation
    • Tomlinson HS, Corlett SA, Chrystyn H. Dose-response relationship and reproducibility of urinary salbutamol excretion during the first 30 min after an inhalation. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2003; 56: 225-7.
    • (2003) Br J Clin Pharmacol , vol.56 , pp. 225-227
    • Tomlinson, H.S.1    Corlett, S.A.2    Chrystyn, H.3
  • 28
    • 4644312908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intra-subject variability in lung dose in healthy volunteers using five conventional portable inhalers
    • Aswania O, Ritson S, Iqbal SM, Bhatt J, Rigby AS, Everard ML. Intra-subject variability in lung dose in healthy volunteers using five conventional portable inhalers. J Aerosol Med 2004; 17: 231-8.
    • (2004) J Aerosol Med , vol.17 , pp. 231-238
    • Aswania, O.1    Ritson, S.2    Iqbal, S.M.3    Bhatt, J.4    Rigby, A.S.5    Everard, M.L.6
  • 29
    • 34848928443 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determination of the relative bioavailability of salbutamol to the lungs following inhalation from dry powder inhaler formulations containing drug substance manufactured by supercritical fluids and micronization
    • Richardson CH, de Matas M, Hosker H, Mukherjee R, Wong I, Chrystyn H. Determination of the relative bioavailability of salbutamol to the lungs following inhalation from dry powder inhaler formulations containing drug substance manufactured by supercritical fluids and micronization. Pharm Res 2007; 24: 2008-17.
    • (2007) Pharm Res , vol.24 , pp. 2008-2017
    • Richardson, C.H.1    de Matas, M.2    Hosker, H.3    Mukherjee, R.4    Wong, I.5    Chrystyn, H.6
  • 30
    • 84871106153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MHRA. Public assessment report. Decentralised procedure. Neovent/Sereflo CFC-free inhaler 25 ug per actuation pressurised inhalation suspension (salmeterol xinafoate). Available at (last accessed 26 February 2012).
    • MHRA. Public assessment report. Decentralised procedure. Neovent/Sereflo CFC-free inhaler 25 ug per actuation pressurised inhalation suspension (salmeterol xinafoate). 2011. Available at http://www.mhra.gov.uk/home/groups/par/documents/websiteresources/con120337.pdf (last accessed 26 February 2012).
    • (2011)
  • 31
    • 80855148139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of AeroChamber Plus™ on the lung and systemic bioavailability of beclometasone dipropionate/formoterol pMDI
    • Singh D, Collarini S, Poli G, Acerbi D, Madasi A, Rusca A. Effect of AeroChamber Plus™ on the lung and systemic bioavailability of beclometasone dipropionate/formoterol pMDI. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2011; 72: 932-9.
    • (2011) Br J Clin Pharmacol , vol.72 , pp. 932-939
    • Singh, D.1    Collarini, S.2    Poli, G.3    Acerbi, D.4    Madasi, A.5    Rusca, A.6
  • 32
    • 33847172367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Salmeterol and fluticasone propionate and survival in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
    • Calverley PM, Anderson JA, Celli B etal. Salmeterol and fluticasone propionate and survival in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. NEJM 2007; 356: 775-89.
    • (2007) NEJM , vol.356 , pp. 775-789
    • Calverley, P.M.1    Anderson, J.A.2    Celli, B.3
  • 33
    • 84871156235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Food and Drug Administration. Critical path opportunities for generic grugs, Office of Generic Drugs, CDER, May 1, 2007, 4.3.1 Bioequivalence of Inhalation Products. Available at (last accessed 26 February 2012).
    • Food and Drug Administration. Critical path opportunities for generic grugs, Office of Generic Drugs, CDER, May 1, 2007, 4.3.1 Bioequivalence of Inhalation Products. 2007. Available at http://www.fda.gov/ScienceResearch/SpecialTopics/CriticalPathInitiative/CriticalPathOpportunitiesReports/ucm077250.htm (last accessed 26 February 2012).
    • (2007)
  • 34
    • 80053898113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitive studies with a significant dose-response curve for inhaled corticosteroids to investigate equivalent relative potency are feasible
    • Garcia-Arieta A. Sensitive studies with a significant dose-response curve for inhaled corticosteroids to investigate equivalent relative potency are feasible. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2011; 72: 832-3.
    • (2011) Br J Clin Pharmacol , vol.72 , pp. 832-833
    • Garcia-Arieta, A.1
  • 35
    • 80053925459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Guidelines to establish relative potency are not in touch with reality
    • Lipworth B, Clearie K. Guidelines to establish relative potency are not in touch with reality. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2012; 72: 834-5.
    • (2012) Br J Clin Pharmacol , vol.72 , pp. 834-835
    • Lipworth, B.1    Clearie, K.2
  • 36
    • 77952509288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lessons learned from biosimilar epoetins and insulins
    • Kuhlmann M, Marre M. Lessons learned from biosimilar epoetins and insulins. Br J Diabetes Vasc Dis 2010; 10: 90-7.
    • (2010) Br J Diabetes Vasc Dis , vol.10 , pp. 90-97
    • Kuhlmann, M.1    Marre, M.2
  • 37
    • 84871171656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FDA. Draft guidance for industry on quality considerations in demonstrating biosimilarity to a reference protein product. Available at (last accessed 30 April 2012).
    • FDA. Draft guidance for industry on quality considerations in demonstrating biosimilarity to a reference protein product. 2012. Available at http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/Guidances/default.htm (last accessed 30 April 2012).
    • (2012)
  • 38
    • 84871149814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Medicines Agency. Guideline on Similar Biological Medicinal Products. London, Available at (last accessed 26 February 2012).
    • European Medicines Agency. Guideline on Similar Biological Medicinal Products. London, 2005. Available at http://www.ema.europa.eu/pdfs/human/biosimilar/043704en.pdf (last accessed 26 February 2012).
    • (2005)
  • 39
    • 84871171512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Medicinces Agency. EPAR for omnitrope. London, Available at (last accessed 26 February 2012).
    • European Medicinces Agency. EPAR for omnitrope. London, 2006. Available at http://www.ema.europa.eu/humandocs/.../EPAR/omnitrope/omnitrope.htm (last accessed 26 February 2012).
    • (2006)
  • 40
    • 84871162257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Medicines Agency. Guideline on similar biological medicinal products containing monoclonal antibodies. London, EMA/CHMP/BMWP/403543/2010. Available at 2011. EMA/CHMP/BMWP/403543/2010. (last accessed 26 February 2012).
    • European Medicines Agency. Guideline on similar biological medicinal products containing monoclonal antibodies. London, 2010. EMA/CHMP/BMWP/403543/2010. Available at http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Scientific_guideline/2010/11/WC500099361.pdf 2011. EMA/CHMP/BMWP/403543/2010. (last accessed 26 February 2012).
    • (2010)
  • 41
    • 84871157442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Medicines Agency. Guideline on similar biological medicinal products 5 containing interferon beta. London, Available at (last accessed 26 February 2012).
    • European Medicines Agency. Guideline on similar biological medicinal products 5 containing interferon beta. London, 2012. Available at http://www.ema.europa.eu/docs/en_GB/document_library/Scientific_guideline/2012/01/WC500120652.pdf (last accessed 26 February 2012).
    • (2012)
  • 42
    • 84871176770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharma majors' multiple sclerosis drugs safe from EU competition for several years. Financial Times 3rd February
    • Smith-Parker J. Pharma majors' multiple sclerosis drugs safe from EU competition for several years. Financial Times 3rd February, 2012.
    • (2012)
    • Smith-Parker, J.1
  • 43
    • 84871175969 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • European Medicinces Agency. EPAR Rebif, interferon beta-1a. Available at (last accessed 6 June 2012).
    • European Medicinces Agency. EPAR Rebif, interferon beta-1a. 2009. Available at http://www.ema.europa.eu/ema/index.jsp?curl=pages/medicines/human/medicines/000136/human_med_001018.jsp&mid=WC0b01ac058001d124&jsenabled=true (last accessed 6 June 2012).
    • (2009)
  • 45
    • 84871131591 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FDA. Guidance for industry. Scientific considerations in demonstrating biosimilarity to a reference product. Available at (last accessed 26 February 2012).
    • FDA. Guidance for industry. Scientific considerations in demonstrating biosimilarity to a reference product. 2012. Available at http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/Guidances/default.htm (last accessed 26 February 2012).
    • (2012)


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.