Geology and geochemistry of the Spuhler peak metamorphic suite

Special Paper of the Geological Society of America

Volumn 377, Issue , 2004, Pages 47-70

  Burger, H Robert ^a   Peck, William H ^b   Johnson, Kathleen E ^c,j   Tierney, Kara A ^d   Poulsen, Chris J ^e   Cady, Pamela ^f   Lowell, Josh ^f   MacFarlane, William A ^f   Sincock, M Jennifer ^g   Archuleta, LeAndra L ^h   Pufall, Ann ^a   Cox, M Jason ⁱ  

^a SMITH COLLEGE   (United States)

^b Center for Language and Brain   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF NEW ORLEANS   (United States)

^d AMHERST COLLEGE   (United States)

^e CARLETON COLLEGE   (United States)

^f University of Colorado College of Nursing   (United States)

^g FRANKLIN AND MARSHALL COLLEGE   (United States)

^h POMONA COLLEGE   (United States)

ⁱ WASHINGTON AND LEE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^j NONE   (United States)

more..

Author keywords

Amphibolite; Archean; Hydro thermal alteration; Oxygen isotopes; Tobacco Root Mountains

Indexed keywords

CLAY ALTERATION; EXPLORATORY GEOCHEMISTRY; GARNETS; MAGNESIA; MAGNESITE; RARE EARTHS; SEDIMENTARY ROCKS; TOBACCO; VOLCANIC ROCKS; VOLCANOES;

AMPHIBOLITE; ARCHEAN; DISCRIMINATION DIAGRAM; HYDROTHERMAL ALTERATIONS; METASEDIMENTARY ROCKS; OXYGEN ISOTOPES; TECTONO-THERMAL EVENT; THERMAL ALTERATION;

METAMORPHIC ROCKS;

AMPHIBOLITE; ARCHEAN; GARNET; GEOCHEMICAL SURVEY; GEOLOGICAL MAPPING; HYDROTHERMAL ALTERATION; METAMORPHIC ROCK; METAMORPHISM; OXYGEN ISOTOPE;

MONTANA; ROCKY MOUNTAINS; TOBACCO ROOT MOUNTAINS;

EID: 84871093742     PISSN: 00721077     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1130/0-8137-2377-9.47     Document Type: Article

References (71)

1. Araujo, S.M., Scott, S.D., and Longstaffe, F.J., 1996, Oxygen isotope composition of alteration zones of highly metamorphosed volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits, Geco, Canada, and Palmeirópolis, Brazil: Economic Geology, v. 91, p. 697-712.
2. Archuleta, L.L., 1994, The mineralogy and petrology of garnet-amphibole rocks from the Spuhler Peak Formation along Thompson Peak ridge, Tobacco Root Mountains, SW Montana [senior thesis]: Claremont, California, Pomona College, 84 p.
3. Arndt, N.T., and Nisbet, E.G., 1982, What is a komatiite?, in Arndt, N.T., and Nisbet, E.G., eds., Komatiites: London, George Allen & Unwin, p. 19-27.
4. Bachinski, D.J., 1978, Sulfur isotopic composition of thermally metamorphosed cupriferous iron sulfide ores associated with cordierite- anthophyllite rocks, Gull Pond, Newfoundland: Economic Geology, v. 73, p. 64-72.
5. Barley, M.E., Dunlop, J.S.R., Glover, J.E., and Groves, D.I., 1979, Sedimentary evidence for an Archaean shallow-water volcanic-sedimentary facies, eastern Pilbara block, western Australia: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 43, p. 74-84.
6. 39Ar ages of metamorphic rocks from the Tobacco Root Mountains region, Montana, in Brady, J.B. et al, eds., Precambrian geology of the Tobacco Root Mountains, Montana: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America Special Paper 377, p. 131-149 (this volume).
7. Burger, H.R., 1966, Structure, petrology, and economic geology of the Sheridan district, Madison County, Montana [Ph.D. thesis]: Bloomington, Indiana University, 156 p.
8. Burger, H.R., 1967, Bedrock geology of the Sheridan district, Madison County, Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Memoir 41, 22 p.
9. Burger, H.R., 1969, Structural evolution of the southwestern Tobacco Root Mountains, Montana: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 80, p. 1329-1342.
10. Burger, H.R., 2004, General geology and tectonic setting of the Tobacco Root Mountains, Montana, in Brady, J.B., et al., eds., Precambrian geology of the Tobacco Root Mountains, Montana: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America Special Paper 377, p. 1-14 (this volume).
11. Cady, P., 1994, Petrographic and geochemical analysis of amphibolites from the Tobacco Root Mountains, Montana [senior thesis]: Colorado Springs, Colorado College, 86 p.
12. Cattell, A.C., and Taylor, R.N., 1990, Archaean basic magmas, in Hall, R.P., and Hughes, D.J., eds., Early Precambrian basic magmatism: Glasgow and London, Blackie & Son, p. 36-37.
13. Cheney, J.T., Brady, J.B., Tierney, K.A., DeGraff, K.A., Mohlman, H.K., Frisch, J.D., Hatch, C.E., Steiner, M.L., Carmichael, S.K., Fisher, R.G.M., Tuit, C.B., Steffen, K.J., Cady, P., Lowell, J., Archuleta, L.L., Hirst, J., Wegmann, K.W, and Monteleone, B., 2004a, Proterozoic metamorphism of the Tobacco Root Mountains, Montana, in Brady, J.B. et al., eds., Precambrian geology of the Tobacco Root Mountains, Montana: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America Special Paper 377, p. 105-129 (this volume, Chapter 6).
14. 206Pb dating of monazite from Precambrian metamorphic suites, Tobacco Root Mountains, Montana, in Brady, J.B., et al., eds., Precambrian geology of the Tobacco Root Mountains, Montana: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America Special Paper 377, p. 151-179 (this volume).
15. Cole, D.R., Mottl, M.J., and Ohmoto, H., 1987, Isotope exchange in mineral-fluid systems, II: Oxygen and hydrogen isotopic investigation of the basalt-seawater system: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 51, p. 1523-1538.
16. Condie, K.C., 1990, Geochemical characteristics of Precambrian basaltic greenstones, in Hall, R.P., and Hughes, D.J., eds., Early Precambrian basic magmatism: Glasgow and London, Blackie & Son, p. 45.
17. Cox, M.J., 1996, Geochemistry and petrography of amphibolites from the Spuhler Peak Metamorphic Suite near the Branham Lakes area, Tobacco Root Mountains, southwestern Montana [senior thesis]: Lexington, Virginia, Washington and Lee University, 64 p.
18. Cummings, M.L., and McCulloch, W.R., 1992, Geochemistry and origin of amphibolite and ultramafic rocks, Branham Lakes area, Tobacco Root Mountains, southwestern Montana, in Bartholomew, M.J., et al., eds., Basement tectonics 8: Characterization and comparison of ancient and Mesozoic continental margins - Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Basement Tectonics (Butte, Montana, 1988): Dordrecht, Netherlands, Kluwer Academic Publishers, p., p. 323-340. (Pubitemid 23390020)
19. Dymek, R.F., and Smith, M.S., 1990, Geochemistry and origin of Archaean quartz-cordierite gneisses from the Gothåbsfjord region, West Greenland: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 105, p. 715-730.
20. Friberg, N., 1976, Petrology of a metamorphic sequence of upper-amphibolite facies in the central Tobacco Root Mountains, southwestern Montana [Ph.D. thesis]: Bloomington, Indiana University, 146 p.
21. Gillmeister, N.M., 1971, Petrology of Precambrian rocks in the central Tobacco Root Mountains, Madison Country, Montana [Ph.D. thesis]: Cambridge, Massachusetts, Harvard University, 210 p.
22. Gillmeister, N.M., 1972, Cherry Creek Group-Pony Group relationship in the central Tobacco Root Mountains, Madison County, Montana: Northwest Geology, v. 1, p. 21-24.
23. Giral, S., Savin, S.M., Girard, J.P., and Nohon, D.B., 1993, The oxygen isotope geochemistry of kaolinites from lateritic profiles: Implications for pedology and paleoclimatology: Chemical Geology, v. 107, p. 237-240.
24. Green, G.R., Ohmoto, H., Date, J., and Takahashi, T., 1983, Whole-rock oxygen isotope distribution in the Fukazawa-Kosaka area, Hokuroku District, Japan, and its potential application to mineral exploration, in Ohmoto, H., and Skinner, B.J., eds., eds., The Kuroko and related volcanogenic massive sulfide deposits: Economic Geology Monograph, v. 5, p. 395-411.
25. Hajash, A., and Chandler, G.W., 1981, An experimental investigation of high-temperature interactions between seawater and rhyolite, andesite, basalt and peridotite: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 78, p. 240-254.
26. Harms, T.A., Brady, J.B., Burger, H.R., and Cheney, J.T., 2004, Advances in the geology of the Tobacco Root Mountains, Montana, and their implications for the history of the northern Wyoming province, in Brady, J.B., et al., eds., Precambrian geology of the Tobacco Root Mountains, Montana: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America Special Paper 377, p. 227-243 (this volume).
27. Herzberg, C.T., 1993, Lithosphere peridotites of the Kaapvaal craton: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 120, p. 13-29. (Pubitemid 24421166)
28. Irvine, T.N., and Baragar, W.R.A., 1971, A guide to the chemical classification of the common volcanic rocks: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 8, p. 523-548.
29. Jensen, L.S., 1976, A new cation plot for classifying subalkalic volcanic rocks: Ontario Division Mines Miscellaneous Paper 66, 22 p.
30. Johnson, K.E., Brady, J.B., MacFarlane, W.A., Thomas, R.B., Poulsen, C., and Sincock, M.J., 2004, Precambrian meta-ultramafic rocks from the Tobacco Root Mountains, Montana, in Brady, J.B., et al., eds., Precambrian geology of the Tobacco Root Mountains, Montana: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America Special Paper 377, p. 71-87 (this volume).
31. 18O-buffered ocean: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 60, p. 3347.
32. Leake, B.E., 1964, The chemical distinction between ortho-and para-amphibolites: Journal of Petrology, v. 5, p. 238
33. Leake, B.E., 1964, The chemical distinction between ortho- and para-amphibolites: Journal of Petrology, v. 5, p. 238
34. LeBas, M.J., LeMaitre, R.W., Streckeisen, A., and Zanettin, B., 1986, A chemical classification of volcanic rocks based on the total alkali silica diagram: Journal of Petrology, v. 27, p. 745-750.
35. Lowell, J., 1994, A metamorphic and deformational history of the Spuhler Peak Formation, Tobacco Root Mountains, Montana [senior thesis]: Colorado Springs, Colorado College, 100 p.
36. MacFarlane, W.A., 1996, A geochemical and petrographic analysis of the metaultramafic rocks in the Tobacco Root Mountains, southwest Montana [senior thesis]: Colorado Springs, Colorado College, 132 p.
37. Mertzman, S.A., 2000, K-Ar results from the southern Oregon-northern California Cascade Range: Oregon Geology, v. 62, no. 4, p. 99-122.
38. Middlemost, E.A.K., 1975, The basalt clan: Earth Science Reviews, v. 11, p. 337-364.
39. 18O history of seawater, in Valley, J.W., et al., eds., Stable isotopes in high temperature geological processes: Reviews in Mineralogy, v. 16, p. 425-444.
40. Mueller, P.A., Burger, H.R., Wooden, J.L., Heatherington, A.L., Mogk, D.W., and D'Arcy, K., 2004, Age and evolution of the Precambrian crust of the Tobacco Root Mountains, Montana, in Brady, J.B., et al., eds., Precambrian geology of the Tobacco Root Mountains, Montana: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America Special Paper 377, p. 181-202 (this volume).
41. 5: A minor element discriminant for basaltic rocks of oceanic environments and its implications for petrogenesis: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 62, p. 53-62.
42. Pan, Y., and Fleet, M.E., 1995, Geochemistry and origin of cordierite-orthoam-phibole gneiss and associated rocks at an Archean volcanogenic massive sulphide camp, Manitouwadge, Ontario, Canada: Precambrian Research, v. 74, p. 73-89.
43. Pearce, J.A., 1983, Role of sub-continental lithosphere in magma genesis at active continental margins, in Hawkesworth, C.J., and Norry, M.J., eds., Continental basalts and mantle xenoliths: Nantwich, UK, Shiva, p. 230-249.
44. Pearce, J.A., 1996, A user's guide to basalt discrimination diagrams, in Wyman, D.A., ed., Trace element geochemistry of volcanic rocks: Applications for massive sulfide exploration: Geological Association of Canada Short Course Notes, v. 12, p. 79-114.
45. Pearce, J.A., and Cann, J.R., 1973, Tectonic setting of basic volcanic rocks determined using trace element analyses: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 19, p. 290-300.
46. Peck, W.H., 1994, Geochemistry and petrology of Ca-poor amphibolites, Tobacco Root Mountains, southwestern Montana, [senior thesis]: Beloit, Wisconsin, Beloit College, 43 p.
47. Peck, W.H., and Valley, J.W., 1996, The Fiskenaesset Anorthosite Complex: Stable isotope evidence for shallow emplacement into Archean ocean crust: Geology, v. 24, p. 523-526.
48. Peck, W.H., and Valley, J.W., 2000, Genesis of cordierite-gedrite gneisses, Central Metasedimentary Belt boundary thrust zone, Grenville Province, Ontario, Canada: Canadian Mineralogist, v. 38, p. 511-524.
49. Poulsen, C.J., 1994, Origin, metamorphic history, and tectonic setting of Archean rocks from the Spuhler Peak Assemblage, Tobacco Root Mountains, Montana [senior thesis]: Northfield, Minnesota, Carleton College, 54 p.
50. Pufall, A., 1996, Geochemistry of the Spuhler Peak and Pony-Middle Mountain Metamorphic Suites, Tobacco Root Mountains, Montana, in Mendelson, C.V., and Mankiewicz, C., eds., Ninth Keck research symposium in geology: Williamstown, Massachusetts, Williams College, p. 118-121.
51. Reid, R.R., 1957, Bedrock geology of the north end of the Tobacco Root Mountains, Madison County, Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Memoir 36, 25 p.
52. Reinhardt, J., 1987, Cordierite-anthophyllite rocks from northwest Queensland, Australia: metamorphosed magnesian pelites: Journal of Metamorphic Geology, v. 5, p. 451-472.
53. Rhodes, J.M., 1996, Geochemical stratigraphy of lava flows sampled by the Hawaiian Scientific Drilling Project: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 101, p. 11, 729-11, 746.
54. Schumacher, J.C., 1988, Stratigraphy and geochemistry of the Ammonoosuc volcanics, central Massachusetts and southwestern New Hampshire: American Journal of Science, v. 288, p. 619-663.
55. Seki, Y., 1957, Petrological study of hornfelses in the central part of the median zone of the Kitakami Mountainland, Iwate Prefecture: Scientific Reports Saitama University, Series B, v. 2, p. 307-373.
56. Shandl, E., Gorton, M.P., and Wasteneys, H.A., 1995, Rare earth element geochemistry of the metamorphosed volcanogenic massive sulphide deposits of the Manitouwadge mining camp, Superior Province, Canada: A potential exploration tool?: Economic Geology, v. 90, p. 1217-1236. (Pubitemid 26460916)
57. Shiraki, R., Sakai, H., Endoh, M., and Kishima, N., 1987, Experimental studies on rhyolite- and andesite-seawater interactions at 300 °C and 1000 bars: Geochemical Journal, v. 21, p. 139-148.
58. Sincock, M.J., 1994, Structural and metamorphic history of an intensely deformed zone, lower Branham Lake, southern Tobacco Root Mountains, Montana [senior thesis]: Lancaster, Pennsylvania, Franklin and Marshall College, 31 p.
59. Smith, J.V., 1974, Feldspar minerals, Volume 2: Chemical and textural properties: New York, Springer Verlag, 690 p.
60. Smith, M.S., Dymek, R.F., and Chadwick, B., 1992a, Petrogenesis of Archaean Malene supracrustal rocks, NW Buksefjorden region, West Greenland: Geochemical evidence for highly evolved Archaean crust: Precambrian Research, v. 57, p. 49-90.
61. Smith, M.S., Dymek, R.F., and Schneiderman, J.S., 1992b, Implications of trace element geochemistry for the origin of cordierite-orthoamphibole rocks from Orijärvi, SW Finland: Journal of Geology, v. 100, p. 545-559. (Pubitemid 23385471)
62. Spicuzza, M.J., Valley, J.W., and McConnell, V.S., 1998, Oxygen isotope analysis of whole rock via laser fluorination: An air-lock approach: Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs, v. 30, no. 7, p. 80.
63. Sun, S.S., 1980, Lead isotopic study of young volcanic rocks from midocean ridges, ocean islands and island arcs: Royal Society of London Philosophical Transactions, ser. A: Mathematical and Physical Sciences, v. 297, p. 409-445.
64. Tansley, W., Schafer, P.A., and Hart, L.H., 1933, A geological reconnaissance of the Tobacco Root Mountains, Madison County, Montana: Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Memoir 9, 57 p.
65. Thompson, G., 1991, Metamorphic and hydrothermal processes: basalt-seawater interaction, in Floyd, P.A., ed., Oceanic basalts: New York, Van Nostrand Reinhold, p. 149-171.
66. Tierney, K.A., 1994, The origin and evolution of the Spuhler Peak Formation along the western ridge of Thompson Peak, Tobacco Root Mountains, Montana [senior thesis]: Amherst, Massachusetts, Amherst College, 87 p.
67. Vallance, T.G., 1967, Mafic rock alteration and isochemical development of some cordierite-anthophyllite rocks: Journal of Petrology, v. 8, p. 84-96.
68. Valley, J.W., Kitchen, N., Kohn, M.J., Niendorf, C.R., and Spicuzza, M.J., 1995, UWG-2, a garnet standard for oxygen isotope ratios: Strategies for high precision and accuracy with laser heating: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 59, p. 5523-5531.
69. Warren, R.G., 1979, Sapphirine-bearing rocks with sedimentary and volcanogenic protoliths from the Arunta Block: Nature, v. 278, p. 159-161.
70. 18O depletion in some Precambrian granulites of Australia: Precambrian Research, v. 23, p. 33-56.
71. Zaleski, E., and Peterson, V.L., 1995, Depositional setting and deformation of massive sulphide deposits, iron-formation, and associated alteration in the Manitouwadge Greenstone Belt, Superior Province, Ontario: Economic Geology, v. 90, p. 2244-2261. (Pubitemid 26481660)