The ophiolite-oceanic lithosphere analogue: New insights from the Northern Apennines (Italy)

Special Paper of the Geological Society of America

Volumn 349, Issue , 2000, Pages 21-34

  Rampone, Elisabetta ^a,c   Piccardo, Giovanni B ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MILAN   (Italy)

^b UNIVERSITY OF GENOA   (Italy)

^c UNIVERSITY OF MILANO BICOCCA   (Italy)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

GASOLINE; LITHOLOGY; OCEANOGRAPHY;

CONTINENTAL CRUSTS; CONTINENTAL LITHOSPHERE; LITHOSPHERIC EXTENSION; MID-OCEANIC-RIDGE BASALTS; OCEANIC LITHOSPHERE; SPATIAL ASSOCIATIONS; SUB-CONTINENTAL LITHOSPHERIC MANTLES; SUBCONTINENTAL MANTLE;

STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY;

ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; JURASSIC; OCEANIC LITHOSPHERE; OPHIOLITE; PALEOZOIC; PETROLOGY; SEAFLOOR SPREADING; TECTONIC EVOLUTION; TETHYS;

APENNINES; ITALY;

EID: 84870976571     PISSN: 00721077     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1130/0-8137-2349-3.21     Document Type: Article

References (103)

1. Abbate, E., Bortolotti, V., Passerini, P., Principi, G., and Treves, B., 1994, Oceanisation processes and sedimentary evolution of the Northern Apennine ophiolite suite: A discussion: Memorie della Società Geologica Italiana, v. 48, p. 117-136.
2. Anders, E., and Ebihara, M., 1982, Solar system abundances of the elements: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 46, p. 2363-2380.
3. Barrett, J.J., and Spooner, E.F.C., 1977, Ophiolitic breccias associated with allochtonous oceanic crustal rocks in the East Ligurian Apennines, Italy: A comparison with observations from rifted oceanic ridges: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 35, p. 79-91.
4. Beccaluva, L., and Piccardo, G.B., 1978, Petrology of the Northern Apennine ophiolites and their significance in the Western Mediterranean area, in Closs, H., Roeder, D., and Schmidt, K., eds., Alps, Apennines, Hellenides: Inter-Union Commission on Geodynamics Scientific Report 38, E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart, p. 243-254.
5. Beccaluva, L., Macciotta, G., Piccardo, G.B., and Zeda, O., 1984, Petrology of lherzolitic rocks from the Northern Apennine ophiolites: Lithos, v. 17, p. 299-316.
6. Bigazzi, G., Ferrara, G., and Innocenti, F., 1972, Fission track ages of gabbros from Northern Apennines ophiolites: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 14, p. 242-244.
7. Bigazzi, G., Bonadonna, F.P., Ferrara, G., and Innocenti, F., 1973, Fission track ages of zircons and apatites from Northern Apennine ophiolites: Fortschritte der Mineralogie, v. 50, p. 51-53.
8. Bodinier, J.L., 1988, Geochemistry and petrogenesis of the Lanzo peridotite body, western Alps: Tectonophysics, v. 149, p. 67-88.
9. Bodinier, J.L., Menzies, M.A., and Thirwall, M.F., 1991, Continental to oceanic mantle transition: REE and Sr-Nd isotopic geochemistry of the Lanzo Lherzolite Massif, in Menzies, M.A., Dupuy, C., and Nicolas, A., eds., Orogenic lherzolites and mantle processes: Journal of Petrology, Special Lherzolite Issue, p. 191-210.
10. Bohannon, R.G., Naeser, C.W., Schmidt, D.L., and Zimmermann, R.A., 1989, The timing of uplift, volcanism, and rifting peripheral to the Red Sea: A case for passive rifting?: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 94, p. 1683-1701.
11. Boillot, G., Grimaud, S., Mauffret, A., Mougenot, D., Mergoil-Daniel, J., Kornprobst, J., and Torrent, G., 1980, Ocean-continent boundary off the Iberian margin: A serpentinite diapir west of the Galicia bank: Earth and Planentary Science Letters: v. 48, p. 23-34.
12. Boillot, G., Girardeau, J., and Kornprobst, J., 1988, Rifting of the Galicia margin: Crustal thinning and emplacement of mantle rocks on the seafloor, in Boillot, G., Winterer, E.L., et al., Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results: College Station, Texas, Ocean Drilling Program, v. 103, p. 741-756.
13. Bonatti, E., Hamlyn, P.R., and Ottonello, G., 1981, The upper mantle beneath a young oceanic rift: Peridotites from the island of Zabargad (Red Sea): Geology, v. 9, p. 474-491.
14. Bonatti, E., Ottonello, G., and Hamlyn, P.R., 1986, Peridotites from the Island of Zabargad (St. John's), Red Sea: Petrology and geochemistry: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 21, p. 559-631.
15. Borsi, L., Scharer, U., Gaggero, L., and Crispini, L., 1996, Age, origin, and geodynamic significance of plagiogranites in lherzolites and gabbros of the Piedmont-Ligurian ocean basin: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 140, p. 227-241.
16. Bortolotti, V., Cellai, D., Vaggelli, G., and Villa, I.M., 1991, 40Ar/39Ar dating of Apenninic ophiolites: 2. Basalts from the Aiola sequence, Southern Tuscany: Ofioliti, v. 16, p. 37-42.
17. Bortolotti, V., Cellai, D., Chiari, M., Vaggelli, G., and Villa, I.M., 1995, 40Ar/39Ar dating of Apenninic ophiolites: 3. Plagiogranites from Sasso di Castro, Northern Tuscany, Italy: Ofioliti, v. 20, p. 55-65. (Pubitemid 26468646)
18. Boudier, F., Nicolas, A., Kiénast, J.R., and Mével, C., 1988, The gneiss of Zabargad Island: Deep crust of a rift: Tectonophysics, v. 150, p. 209-227.
19. Brueckner, H.K., Zindler, A., Seyler, M., and Bonatti, E., 1988, Zabargad and the isotopic evolution of the sub-Red Sea mantle and crust: Tectonophysics, v. 150, p. 163-176.
20. Brueckner, H.K., Elhaddad, M.A., Hamelin, B., Hemming, S., Kröner, A., Reiberg, L., and Seyler, M., 1995, A Pan African origin and uplift for the gneisses and peridotites of Zabargad Island, Red Sea: A Nd, Sr, Pb, and Os study: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 100 (B11), p. 22283-22297.
21. Brun, J.P., and Beslier, M.O., 1996, Mantle exumation at passive margins: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 142, p. 161-173.
22. Burnham, O.M., Rogers, N.W., Pearson, D.G., Van Calsteren, P.W., and Hawkesworth, C.J., 1998, The petrogenesis of the Eastern Pyrenean peridotites: An integrated study of their whole-rock geochemistry and Re-Os isotope composition: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 62, p. 2293-2310. (Pubitemid 29114614)
23. Carpena, J., and Caby, R., 1984, Fission-track evidence for Late Triassic oceanic crust in the French Occidental Alps: Geology, v. 12, p. 108-111.
24. Costa, S., and Caby, J., 1997, Evolution of the Ligurian Tethys in the Western Alps: REE study and Sm-Nd and U-Pb geochronology of the Montgenevre ophiolites (Southeast of France): Terra Nova 9, Abstract Supplement 1, p. 510.
25. Dal Piaz, G.V., 1993, Evolution of Austroalpine and upper Pennine basement in the North-Western Alps from Variscan convergence to post-Variscan extension, in Von Raumer, J.F., and Neubauer, F., eds., Pre-Mesozoic geology in the Alps: Berlin, Heidelberg, and New York, Springer-Verlag, p. 327-344.
26. Dal Piaz, G.V., and Lombardo, B., 1985, Review of radiometric dating in the Western Italian Alps: Rendiconti della Società Italiana di Mineralogia e Petrologia, v. 40, p. 125-138.
27. Decandia, F.A., and Elter, P., 1969, Riflessioni sul problema delle ofioliti nell'Appennino Settentrionale (nota preliminare): Atti della Società Toscana di Scienze Naturali, v. 75, p. 1-9.
28. Decandia, F.A., and Elter, P., 1972, La zona ofiolitifera del Bracco nel settore compreso fra Levanto e la Val Graveglia (Appennino Ligure): Memorie della Società Geologica Italiana, v. 11, p. 503-530.
29. De Wever, P., and Caby, R., 1981, Datation de la base des Schistes Lustrés postophiolitiques par des radiolaires (Oxfordien Supérieur-Kimmeridgien Moyen) dans les Alpes Cottiennes (Saint-Veran, France): Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences, Paris, v. 292, p. 467-472.
30. Dick, H.J.B., 1989, Abyssal peridotites, very slow spreading ridge and ocean ridge magmatism, in Saunders, A.D., and Norry, M.J., eds., Magmatism in the ocean basins: Geological Society of London Special Publication 42, p. 71- 106.
31. Downes, H., Bodinier, J.L., Thirwall, M.F., Lorand, J.P., and Fabries, J., 1991, REE and Sr-Nd isotopic geochemistry of the Eastern Pyrenean peridotite massifs: Subcontinental lithospheric mantle modified by continental magmatism, in Menzies, M.A., Dupuy, C., and Nicolas, A., eds., Orogenic lherzolites and mantle processes: Journal of Petrology, Special Lherzolite Issue, p. 97-116.
32. Dupuy, C., Mevel, C., Bodinier, J.-L., and Savoyant, L., 1991, Zabargad peridotite: Evidence for multistage metasomatism during Red Sea rifting: Geology, v. 19, p. 722-725.
33. Eberhardt, P., Ferrara, G., and Tongiorgi, E., 1962, Determination de l'age de granites allochtones de l'Apennin septentrional: Bulletin de la Societé Geologique de France, v. 4, p. 666-667.
34. Elter, P., 1972, La zona ofiolitica del Bracco nel quadro dell'Appennino Settentrionale: Introduzione alla geologia delle Liguridi: Pacini, Pisa, 668 Congresso della Società Geologica Italiana, Guida alle Escursioni, p. 5-35.
35. Elthon, D., Stewart, M., and Ross, D.K., 1992, Compositional trends of minerals in oceanic cumulates: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 97, p. 15189-15199.
36. Ernst, W.G., and Piccardo, G.B., 1979, Petrogenesis of some Ligurian peridotites: I. Mineral and bulk rock chemistry: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 43, p. 219-237.
37. Evans, C., and Girardeau, J., 1988, Galicia margin peridotites: Undepleted abyssal peridotites from the North Atlantic, in Boillot, G., Winterer, E.L., et al., eds., Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results: College Station, Texas, Ocean Drilling Program, v. 103, p. 195-207.
38. Ferrara, G., and Tonarini, S., 1985, Radiometric geochronology in Tuscany: Results and problems: Rendiconti della Società Italiana di Mineralogia e Petrologia, v. 40, p. 111-124.
39. Ferrara, G., Innocenti, F., Ricci, C.A., and Serri, G., 1976, Ocean-floor affinity of basalts from Northern Apennine ophiolites: Geochemical evidence: Chemical Geology, v. 17, p. 101-111.
40. Gianelli, G., and Principi, G., 1977, Northern Apennine ophiolite: An ancient transcurrent fault zone: Bollettino della Società Geologica Italiana, v. 96, p. 53-58.
41. Girardeau, J., Evans, C., and Beslier, M.O., 1988, Structural analyses of plagioclasebearing peridotites emplaced at the end of continental rifting: Hole 637A, ODP Leg 103 on the Galicia margin, in Boillot, G., Winterer, E.L., et al., eds., Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, v. 103: College Station, Texas, Ocean Drilling Program, v. 103, p. 209-223.
42. Hart, S.R., and Dunn, T., 1993, Experimental cpx/melt partitioning of 24 trace elements: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 113, p. 1-8. (Pubitemid 23388969)
43. Hebert, R., Serri, G., and Hekinian, R., 1989, Mineral chemistry of ultramafic tectonites and ultramafic to gabbroic cumulates from the major oceanic basins and Northern Apennine ophiolites (Italy): A comparison: Chemical Geology, v. 77, p. 183-207.
44. Henjes-Kunst, F., Altherr, R., and Baumann, A., 1990, Evolution and composition of the lithospheric mantle underneath the Western Arabian peninsula: Constraints from Sr-Nd isotope systematics of mantle xenoliths: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 105, p. 460-472.
45. Hofmann, A.W., 1988, Chemical differentiation of the earth: The relationships between mantle, continental crust, and oceanic crust: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 90, p. 297-314.
46. Hofmann, A.W., 1997, Mantle geochemistry: The message from oceanic volcanism: Nature, v. 385, 219-229. (Pubitemid 27256656)
47. Hoogerduijn Strating, E.H., Piccardo, G.B., Rampone, E., Scambelluri, M., Vissers, R.L.M., 1990, The structure and petrology of the Erro-Tobbio peridotite (Voltri Massif, Ligurian Alps): A two day excursion with emphasis on processes in the upper mantle: Ofioliti, v. 15, p. 119-184.
48. Hoogerduijn Strating, E.H., Rampone, E., Piccardo, G.B., Drury, M.R., and Vissers, R.L.M., 1993, Subsolidus emplacement of mantle peridotites during incipient oceanic rifting and opening of the Mesozoic Tethys (Voltri Massif, NW Italy): Journal of Petrology, v. 34, p. 901-927. (Pubitemid 24420654)
49. Ionov, D., Griffin, W.L., and O'Reilly, S., 1997, Volatile-bearing minerals and lithophile trace elements in the upper mantle: Chemical Geology, v. 141, p. 153-184. (Pubitemid 127410164)
50. Jagoutz, E., Palme, H., Baddenhausen, H., Blum, K., Cendales, M., Dreibus, G., Spettel, B., Lorenz, V., and Wanke, H., 1979, The abundance of major, minor, and trace elements in the earth's mantle derived from ultramafic nodules: Proceedings of Lunar and Planetary Science Conference, 10th, p. 2031-2050.
51. Kornprobst, J., and Tabit, A., 1988, Plagioclase-bearing ultramafic tectonites from the Galicia margin (Leg 103, Site 637): Comparison of their origin and evolution with low pressure ultramafic bodies in western Europe, in Boillot, G., Winterer, E.L., et al., eds., Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results: College Station, Texas, Ocean Drilling Program, v. 103, p. 253-263.
52. Lagabrielle, Y., and Cannat, M., 1990, Alpine Jurassic ophiolites resemble the modern Central Atlantic basement: Geology, v. 18, p. 319-322.
53. Lagabrielle, Y., and Lemoine, M., 1997, Alpine, Corsican and Apennine ophiolites: The slow-spreading ridge model: Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences, Paris, v. 325, p. 909-920.
54. Lancelot, J., and Bosch, D., 1990, A Pan-African age for the lower continental crust on Zabargad Island and implications for the development of the Red Sea rift, Colloquium of African Geology, 15th, Nancy, France, Abstract, p. 154.
55. Lemoine, M., 1980, Serpentinites, gabbros, and ophicalcites in the Piemont-Ligurian domain of the Western Alps: Possible indicators of oceanic fracture zones and of associated serpentinite protrusions in the Jurassic-Cretaceous Tethys: Geneva, Archives des Sciences, v. 33, 103-115.
56. Lemoine, M., 1983, Serpentinite oceanic bottom in south Queyras ophiolite (French Western Alps): Record of the incipient oceanic opening of the Mesozoic Ligurian Tethys: Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae, v. 76, p. 611-629.
57. Lemoine, M., Tricart, P., and Boillot, G., 1987, Ultramafic and gabbroic ocean floor of the Ligurian Tethys (Alps, Corsica, Apennines): In search of a genetic model: Geology, v. 15, p. 622-625.
58. Lugovic, B., Altherr, R., Raczek, I., Hofmann, A.W., and Majer, V., 1991, Geochemistry of peridotites and mafic igneous rocks from the Central Dinaric Ophiolite Belt, Yugoslavia: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 106, p. 201-216.
59. Marcucci, M., and Passerini, P., 1991, Radiolarian-bearing siliceous sediments in the Mesozoic of the Northern and Central Apennines: Ofioliti, v. 16, p. 121-126.
60. Marroni, M., and Tribuzio, R., 1996, Gabbro-derived granulites from External Liguride Units (Northern Apennine, Italy): Implications for the rifting processes in the western Tethys: Geologische Rundschau, v. 85, p. 239-249.
61. Marroni, M., Molli, G., Montanini, A., and Tribuzio, R., 1998, The association of continental crust rocks with ophiolites in the Northern Apennines (Italy): Implications for the continent-ocean transition in the Western Tethys: Tectonophysics, v. 292, p. 43-66. (Pubitemid 28469752)
62. McGuire, A.V., 1988, The mantle beneath the Red Sea margin: Xenoliths from western Saudi Arabia: Tectonophysics, v. 150, p. 101-119.
63. Meli, S., Montanini, A., Thoni, M., and Frank, W., 1996, Age of mafic granulite blocks from the External Liguride Units (Northern Apennine, Italy): Padova, Memorie di Scienze Geologiche, v. 48, p. 65-72.
64. Menzies, M.A., and Murthy, V.R., 1980, Nd and Sr isotope geochemistry of hydrous mantle nodules and their host alkali basalts: Implications for local heterogeneities in metasomatically veined mantle: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 46, p. 323-334.
65. Molli, G., 1994, Microstructural features of high temperature shear zones in gabbros of the Northern Apennine ophiolites: Journal of Structural Geology, v. 16, p. 1535-1541.
66. Mukasa, S.B., Shervais, J.W., Wilshire, H.G., and Nielson, J.E., 1991, Intrinsic Nd, Pb and Sr isotopic heterogeneities exhibited by the Lherz alpine peridotite massif, French Pyrenees, in Menzies, M.A., Dupuy, C., and Nicolas, A., eds., Orogenic lherzolites and mantle processes: Journal of Petrology, Special Lherzolite Issue, p. 97-116.
67. Nicolas, A., Boudier, F., and Montigny, R., 1987, Structure of Zabargad Island and the early rifting of the Red Sea: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 92, p. 461-474.
68. Ohnenstetter, M., Ohnenstetter, D., Vidal, Ph., Cornichet, J., Hermitte D., and Mace, J., 1981, Crystallization and age of zircon from Corsican ophiolitic albitites: Consequences for oceanic expansion in Jurassic times: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 54, p. 397-408.
69. Ottonello, G., Piccardo, G.B., and Joron, J.L., 1984, Rare earth and 3rd transition element geochemistry of peridotitic rock. II. Ligurian peridotites and associated basalts: Journal of Petrology, v. 25, p. 379-393.
70. Petrini, R., Joron, J.L., Ottonello, G., Bonatti, E., and Seyler, M., 1988, Basaltic dykes from Zabargad Island, Red Sea: Petrology and geochemistry: Tectonophysics, v. 150, p. 229-248.
71. Piccardo, G.B., 1976, Petrologia del massiccio lherzolitico di Suvero (La Spezia): Ofioliti, v. 1, p. 279-317.
72. Piccardo, G.B., 1995, Ophiolites, in Ranalli, G., ed., Plate tectonics: The first twenty- five years: Proceedings of the VIII Summer School Earth and Planetary Sciences, Siena, Italy, Tipografica Senese, p. 267-296.
73. Piccardo, G.B., Messiga, B., and Vannucci, R., 1988, The Zabargad peridotitepyroxenite association: Petrological constraints on its evolution: Tectonophysics, v. 150, p. 135-162.
74. Piccardo, G.B., Rampone, E., and Vannucci, R., 1990, Upper mantle evolution during continental rifting and ocean formation: Evidence from peridotite bodies of the Western Alpine-Northern Apennine system: Memoires de la Société Geologique de France, v. 156, p. 323-333.
75. Piccardo, G.B., Rampone, E., Vannucci, R., 1992, Ligurian peridotites and ophiolites: From rift to ocean formation in the Jurassic Ligure-Piemontese basin: Acta Vulcanologica, v. 2, p. 313-325.
76. Piccardo, G.B., Rampone, E., Vannucci, R., Shimizu, N., Ottolini, L., Bottazzi, P., 1993, Mantle processes in the subcontinental lithosphere: The case study on the rifted sp-lherzolites from Zabargad (Red Sea): European Journal of Mineralogy, v. 5, p. 1039-1056. (Pubitemid 24421167)
77. Piccardo, G.B., Rampone, E., Vannucci, R., and Cimmino, F., 1994, Upper mantle evolution of ophiolitic peridotites from the Northern Apennine: Petrological constraints to the geodynamic processes: Memorie della Società Geologica Italiana, v. 48, p. 137-148.
78. Rampone, E., Piccardo, G.B., Vannucci, R., Bottazzi, P., and Ottolini, L., 1993, Subsolidus reactions monitored by trace element partitioning: The spinelto plagioclase-facies transition in mantle peridotites: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 115, p. 1-17. (Pubitemid 24421937)
79. Rampone, E., Hofmann, A.W., Piccardo, G.B., Vannucci, R., Bottazzi, P., and Ottolini, L., 1995, Petrology, mineral, and isotope geochemistry of the External Liguride peridotites (Northern Apennine, Italy): Journal of Petrology, v. 36, p. 81-105.
80. Rampone, E., Hofmann, A.W., Piccardo, G.B., Vannucci, R., Bottazzi, P., and Ottolini, L., 1996, Trace element and isotope geochemistry of depleted peridotites from an N-MORB type ophiolite (Internal Liguride, N. Italy): Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 123, p. 61-76. (Pubitemid 126578214)
81. Rampone, E., Piccardo, G.B., Vannucci, R., and Bottazzi, P., 1997, Chemistry and origin of trapped melts in ophiolitic peridotites: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 61, p. 4557-4569.
82. Rampone, E., Hofmann, A.W., and Raczek, I., 1998, Isotopic contrasts within the Internal Liguride ophiolite (N. Italy): The lack of a genetic mantle-crust link: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 163, p. 175-189. (Pubitemid 29094459)
83. Reisberg, L., and Lorand, J.-P., 1995, Longevity of sub-continental mantle lithosphere from osmium isotope systematics in orogenic peridotite massifs: Nature, v. 376, p. 159-162.
84. Reisberg, L., Zindler, A., and Jagoutz, E., 1989, Further Sr and Nd isotopic results from peridotites of the Ronda Ultramafic Complex: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 96, p. 161-180.
85. Serri, G., 1980, Chemistry and petrology of gabbroic complexes from the Northern Apennine ophiolites, in Panayiotou, A., ed., Ophiolites, Nicosia, Cyprus Geological Survey Department, p. 296-313.
86. Seyler, M., and Bonatti, E., 1988, Petrology of a gneiss-amphibolite lower crustal unit from Zabargad Island, Red Sea: Tectonophysics, v. 150, p. 177-208.
87. Snow, J.E., and Schmidt, G., 1998, Pre-Pan African melting in the Zabargad peridotites: Os isotopic evidence: Terra Nova, v. 11, p. 45-50. (Pubitemid 30039598)
88. Snow, J.E., Hart, S.R., and Dick, H.J.B., 1994, Nd and Sr isotope evidence linking mid-ocean ridge basalts and abyssal peridotites: Nature, v. 371, 57-60. (Pubitemid 24278269)
89. Snow, J.E., Schmidt, G., and Rampone, E., 2000, Os isotopes and highly siderophile elements (HSE) in the Ligurian ophiolites, Italy: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 175, p. 119-132. (Pubitemid 30166429)
90. Stampfli, G.M., Marcoux, J., and Baud, A., 1991, Tethyan margins in space and time: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 87, p. 373-409.
91. Styles, P., and Gerdes, K.D., 1983, St. John's Island (Red Sea): A new geophysical model and its implications for the emplacement of ultramafic rocks in fracture zones and at continental margins: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 65, p. 353-368.
92. Tiepolo, M., Tribuzio, R., and Vannucci, R., 1997, Mg- and Fe-gabbroids from Northern Apennine ophiolites: Parental liquids and igneous differentiation processes: Ofioliti, v. 22, p. 57-69.
93. Tribuzio, R., Tiepolo, M., Vannucci, R., and Bottazzi, P., 1999, Trace element distribution within the olivine-bearing gabbros from the Northern Apennine ophiolites (Italy): Evidence for post-cumulus crystallization in MOR-type gabbroic rocks: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 134, p. 123-133.
94. Trommsdorff, V., Piccardo, G.B., and Montrasio, A., 1993, From magmatism through metamorphism to sea-floor emplacement of sub-continental Adria lithosphere during pre-Alpine rifting (Malenco, Italy): Schweizerische Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen, v. 73, p. 191-203. (Pubitemid 24419347)
95. Vannucci, R., Rampone, E., Piccardo, G.B., Ottolini, L., and Bottazzi, P., 1993a, Ophiolitic magmatism in the Ligurian Tethys: An ion microprobe study of basaltic clinopyroxenes: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 115, p. 123-137. (Pubitemid 24422963)
96. Vannucci, R., Shimizu, N., Piccardo, G.B., Ottolini, L., and Bottazzi, P., 1993b, Distribution of trace elements during breakdown of mantle garnets: An example from Zabargad: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 113, p. 437-449. (Pubitemid 23391770)
97. Vannucci, R., Piccardo, G.B., Rivalenti, G., Zanetti, A., Rampone, E., Ottolini, L., Oberti, R., Mazzucchelli, M., and Bottazzi, P., 1995, Origin of LREE-depleted amphiboles in the subcontinental mantle: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 59, p. 1763-1771.
98. Venturelli, G., Thorpe, R.S., and Potts, P.J., 1981, Rare earth and trace element characteristics of ophiolitic metabasalts from the Alpine-Apennine belt: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 53, p. 109-123.
99. Vissers, R.L.M., Drury, M.R., Hoogerduijn Strating, E.H., and van der Wal, D., 1991, Shear zones in the upper mantle: A case study in an Alpine lherzolite massif: Geology, v. 19, p. 990-993.
100. Voggenreiter, W., Hotzl, H., and Mechie, J., 1988, Low-angle detachment origin for the Red Sea rift system?: Tectonophysics, v. 150, p. 51-75.
101. Voshage, H., Sinigoi, S., Mazzucchelli, M., Demarchi, G., Rivalenti, G., and Hofmann, A.W., 1988, Isotopic constraints on the origin of ultramafic and mafic dykes in the Balmuccia peridotite (Ivrea Zone): Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology, v. 100, p. 261-267.
102. Weissert, H.J., and Bernoulli, D., 1985, A transform margin in the Mesozoic Tethys: Evidence from the Swiss Alps: Geologische Rundschau, v. 74, p. 665-679.
103. Wernicke, B., 1985, Uniform sense normal simple shear of the continental lithosphere: Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, v. 22, p. 108-125.