Self-and informant-reported perspectives on symptoms of narcissistic personality disorder

Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment

Volumn 3, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 140-154

  Cooper, Luke D ^a   Balsis, Steve ^a   Oltmanns, Thomas F ^b  

^a TEXAS A AND M UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Informant report; narcissistic personality disorder; pathological narcissism; peerreport; self other agreement

Indexed keywords

AGED; ARTICLE; DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTICAL MANUAL OF MENTAL DISORDERS; FEMALE; HUMAN; INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PERSONALITY DISORDER; PERSONALITY TEST; SELF REPORT;

AGED; DIAGNOSTIC AND STATISTICAL MANUAL OF MENTAL DISORDERS; DISCLOSURE; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PERSONALITY DISORDERS; PERSONALITY INVENTORY; SELF REPORT;

EID: 84870929157     PISSN: 19492715     EISSN: 19492723     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1037/a0026576     Document Type: Article

References (68)

1. Achenbach, T. M., Krukowski, R. A., Dunenci, L., & Ivanova, M. Y. (2005). Assessment of adult psy-chopathology: Meta-analyses and implications of cross-informant correlations. Psychological Bulletin, 131, 361-382. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.131 .3.361 (Pubitemid 40688251)
2. American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed., text revision). Washington, DC: Author.
3. Bentler, P. M. (1990). Comparative fit indexes in structural models. Psychological Bulletin, 107, 238-246. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.107.2.238
4. Bernstein, D. P., Kasapis, C, Bergman, A., Weld, E., Mitropoulou, V., Horvath, T., . Siever, L. J. (1997). Assessing Axis II disorders by informant interview. Journal of Personality Disorders, 11, 158-167. doi:10.1521/pedi.1997. 11.2.158 (Pubitemid 27313777)
5. Cain, N. M., Pincus, A. L., & Ansell, E. B. (2008). Narcissism at the crossroads: Phenotypic description of pathological narcissism across clinical theory, social/personality psychology, and psychiatric diagnosis. Clinical Psychology Review, 28, 638-656. doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2007.09.006 (Pubitemid 351374604)
6. Campbell, W. K., Reeder, G. D., Sedikides, C, & Elliot, A. J. (2000). Narcissism and comparative self-enhancement strategies. Journal of Research in Personality, 34, 329-347. doi:10.1006/jrpe .2000.2282
7. Carlson, E. N., Vazire, S., & Oltmanns, T. F. (2011). You probably think this paper's about you: Narcissists' perceptions of their personality and reputation. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 101, 185-201. doi: 10.1037/a0023781
8. Clark, L. A., Livesley, W. J., & Morey, L. (1997). Personality disorder assessment: The challenge of construct validity. Journal of Personality Disorders, 11, 205-231. doi:10.1521/pedi.1997.11.3.205 (Pubitemid 27478017)
9. Clifton, A., Turkheimer, E., & Oltmanns, T. F. (2005). Self-and peer perspectives on pathological personality traits and interpersonal problems. Psychological Assessment, 17, 123-131. doi:10.1037/1040-3590.17.2.123 (Pubitemid 41023385)
10. Coid, J., Yang, M., Tyrer, P., Roberts, A., & Ullrich, S. (2006). Prevalence and correlates of personality disorder in Great Britain. British Journal of Psychiatry, 188, 423-431. doi:10.1192/bjp.188.5.423
11. Collins, D. R., & Stukas, A. A. (2008). Narcissism and self-presentation: The moderating effects of accountability and contingencies of self-worth. Journal of Research in Personality, 42, 1629-1634. doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2008.06.011
12. Coolidge, F. L., Burns, E. B., & Mooney, J. A. (1995). Reliability of observer ratings in the assessment of personality disorders: A preliminary study. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 51, 22-28. doi:10.1002/1097-4679(199501) 51:13.0.CO;2-9
13. Dowson, J. H. (1992). DSM-III-R narcissistic personality disorder evaluated by patients' and informants' self-report questionnaires: Relationships with other personality disorders and a sense of entitlement as an indicator of narcissism. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 33, 397-406. doi:10.1016/0010-440X(92) 90062-U
14. Dreessen, L., Hildebrand, M., & Arntz, A. (1998). Patient-informant concordance on the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R personality disorders (SCID-II). Journal of Personality Disorders, 12, 149-161. doi:10.1521/pedi.1998.12.2.149 (Pubitemid 28339853)
15. Ekselius, L., Tillfors, M., Furmark, T., & Fredrikson, M. (2001). Personality disorders in the general population: DSM-IV and ICD-10 defined prevalence as related to sociodemographic profile. Personality and Individual Differences, 30, 311-320. doi:10.1016/S0191-8869(00)00048-9 (Pubitemid 33379761)
16. Farwell, L., & Wohlwend-Lloyd, R. (1998). Narcissistic processes: Optimistic expectations, favorable self-evaluations, and self-enhancing attributions. Journal of Personality, 66, 65-83. doi:10.1111/1467-6494.00003 (Pubitemid 128471336)
17. Ferro, T., & Klein, D. N. (1997). Family history assessment of personality disorders: I. Concordance with direct interview and between pairs of informants. Journal of Personality Disorders, 11, 123-136. doi:10.1521/pedi. 1997.11.2.123 (Pubitemid 27313774)
18. Fiedler, E. R., Oltmanns, T. F., & Turkheimer, E. (2004). Traits associated with personality disorders and adjustment to military life: Predictive validity of self and peer reports. Military Medicine, 169, 207-211. (Pubitemid 38338184)
19. Fossati, A., Beauchanie, T. P., Grazioli, F., Carretta, I., Cortinovis, F., & Maffei, C. (2005). A latent structure analysis of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Narcissistic Personality Disorder criteria. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 46, 361-367. doi:10.1016/j. comppsych.2004.11.006 (Pubitemid 41196862)
20. Gabriel, M. T., Critelli, J. W., & Ee, J. S. (1994). Narcissistic illusions in self-evaluations of intelligence and attractiveness. Journal of Personality, 62, 143-155. doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1994 .tb00798.x
21. Ganellen, R. J. (2007). Assessing normal and abnormal personality functioning: Strengths and weaknesses of self-report, observer, and performance-based methods. Journal of Personality Assessment, 89, 30-40. doi:10.1080/00223890701356987 (Pubitemid 47237428)
22. Gosling, S. D., John, O. P., Craik, K. H., & Robins, R. W. (1998). Do people know how they behave? Self-reported act frequencies compared with online codings by observers. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74, 1337-1349. doi: 10.1037/0022-3514.74.5.1337 (Pubitemid 128656650)
23. Grove, W. M., & Tellegen, A. (1991). Problems in the classification of personality disorders. Journal of Personality Disorders, 5, 31-41. doi:10.1521/pedi.1991.5.1.31
24. Hambleton, R. K., Swaminathan, H., & Rogers, H. J. (1991). Fundamentals of item response theory. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.
25. Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1-55. doi:10.1080/10705519909540118
26. John, O. P., & Robins, R. W. (1994). Accuracy and bias in self-perception: Individual differences in self-enhancement and the role of narcissism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66, 206-219. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.66.1.206
27. Klein, D. N. (2003). Patients' versus informants' reports of personality disorders in predicting 71?2-year outcome in outpatients with depressive disorders. Psychological Assessment, 15, 216-222. doi: 10.1037/1040-3590.15.2. 216 (Pubitemid 36750530)
28. Klonsky, E. D., Oltmanns, T. F., & Turkheimer, E. (2002). Informant-reports of personality disorder: Relation to self-reports and future research directions. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 9, 300-311. 10.1093/clipsy.9.3.300 (Pubitemid 41288882)
29. Levy, K. N., Chauhan, P., Clarkin, J. F., Wasserman, R. H., & Reynoso, J. S. (2009). Narcissistic pathology: Empirical approaches. Psychiatric Annals, 39, 203-213. doi:10.3928/00485713-20090401-03
30. Mann, A. H., Jenkins, R., Cutting, J. C, & Cowen, P. J. (1981). The development and use of a standardized assessment of abnormal personality. Psychological Medicine: A Journal of Research in Psychiatry and the Allied Sciences, 11, 839-847. doi:10.1017/S0033291700041337 (Pubitemid 12215408)
31. McKeeman, J. L., & Erickson, M. T. (1997). Self and informant ratings of SCID-II personality disorder items for nonreferred college women: Effects of item and participant characteristics. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 53, 523-533. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4679(199710)53:63.0.CO;2-L (Pubitemid 27419347)
32. Meyer, G. J., Finn, S. E., Eyde, L. D., Kay, G. G, Moreland, K. L., Dies, R. R., . Reed, G. M. (2001). Psychological testing and psychological assessment: A review of evidence and issues. American Psychologist, 56, 128-165. doi:10.1037/0003-066X.56.2.128 (Pubitemid 33624315)
33. Miller, J. D., Pilkonis, P. A., & Clifton, A. (2005). Self-and other-reports of traits from the five-factor model: Relations to personality disorder. Journal of Personality Disorders, 19, 400-419. doi: 10.1521/pedi.2005.19.4.400 (Pubitemid 41382964)
34. Miller, J. D., Pilkonis, P. A., & Morse, J. Q. (2004). Five-factor model prototypes for personality disorders: The utility of self-reports and observer ratings. Assessment, 11, 127-138. doi:10.1177/1073191104264962 (Pubitemid 44526186)
35. Morf, C. C, & Rhodewalt, F. (2001). Unraveling the paradoxes of narcissism: A dynamic self-regulatory processing model. Psychological Inquiry, 12, 177-196. doi:10.1207/S15327965PLI1204-1
36. Muthen, L. K., & Muthen, B. O. (2007). Mplus (Version 5.2) [Computer software]. Los Angeles, CA: Muthen & Muthen.
37. Okada, M., & Oltmanns, T. F. (2009). Comparison of three self-report measures of personality pathology. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 31, 358-367. doi:10.1007/s10862-009-9130-8
38. Oldham, J. M., Skodol, A. E., Kellman, H. D., Hyler, S. E., Doidge, N., Rosnick, L., & Gallaher, P. E. (1995). Comorbidity of Axis I and Axis II disorders. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 152, 571-578.
39. Oldham, J. M. (2005). Personality disorders. Focus, 3, 372-382.
40. Oltmanns, T. F., Gleason, M. E. J., Klonsky, E. D., & Turkheimer, E. (2005). Meta-perception for pathological personality traits: Do we know when others think that we are difficult? Consciousness and Cognition: An International Journal, 14, 739-751. doi:10.1016/j.concog.2005.07.001 (Pubitemid 41735232)
41. Oltmanns, T. F., & Gleason, M. E. J. (2011). Personality, health, and social adjustment in later life. In L. B. Cottler (Ed.), Mental health in public health: The next 100 years (pp. 151-179). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
42. Oltmanns, T. F., Turkheimer, E., & Strauss, M. E. (1998). Peer assessment of personality traits and pathology in female college students. Assessment, 5, 53-65. doi:10.1177/107319119800500108 (Pubitemid 128457933)
43. Oltmanns, T. F., & Turkheimer, E. (2006). Perceptions of self and others regarding pathological personality traits. In R. F. Krueger, & J. L. Tackett (Eds.), Personality and psychopathology (pp. 71-111). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
44. Paris, J. (2010). Estimating the prevalence of personality disorders in the community. Journal of Personality Disorders, 24, 405-411. doi:10.1521/pedi.2010.24.4.405
45. Paulhus, D. L., & John, O. P. (1998). Egoistic and moralistic biases in self-perception: The interplay of self-deceptive styles with basic traits and motives. Journal of Personality, 66, 1025-1060. doi: 10.1111/1467-6494.00041 (Pubitemid 128469829)
46. Perry, J. C. (1992). Problems and considerations in the valid assessment of personality disorders. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 149, 1645-1653.
47. Peselow, E. D., Sanfilipo, M. P., & Fieve, R. R. (1994). Patients' and informants' reports of personality traits during and after major depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 103, 819-824. doi:10.1037/0021-843X.103.4.819 (Pubitemid 24349366)
48. Pilkonis, P. A., Heape, C. L., Ruddy, J., & Serrao, P. (1991). Validity in the diagnosis of personality disorders: The use of the LEAD standard. Psychological Assessment: A Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 3, 46-54. doi:10.1037/1040-3590.3.1.46
49. Raskin, R., Novacek, J., & Hogan, R. (1991). Narcissism, self-esteem, and defensive self-enhancement. Journal of Personality, 59, 19-38. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-6494.1991.tb00766.x
50. Raskin, R., & Terry, H. (1988). A principal-components analysis of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory and further evidence of its construct validity. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54, 890-902. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.54.5.890
51. Ready, R. E., Watson, D., & Clark, L. A. (2002). Psychiatric patient-and informant-reported personality: Predicting concurrent and future behavior. Assessment, 9, 361-372. doi:10.1177/1073191102238157
52. Riso, L. P., Klein, D. N., Anderson, R. L., Ouimette, P. C., & Lizardi, H. (1994). Concordance between patients and informants on the Personality Disorder Examination. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 151, 568-573. (Pubitemid 24115823)
53. Robins, R. W., & John, O. P. (1997). Effects of visual perspective and narcissism on self-perception: Is seeing believing? Psychological Science, 8, 37-42. doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.1997.tb00541.x
54. Samuels, J., Eaton, W. W., Bienvenu, O. J., III, Brown, C. H., Costa, P. T., Jr., & Nestadt, G. (2002). Prevalence and correlates of personality disorders in a community sample. British Journal of Psychiatry, 180, 536-542. doi:10.1192/bjp.180.6.536 (Pubitemid 34596805)
55. Sedikides, C. (1993). Assessment, enhancement, and verification determinants of the self-evaluation process. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 65, 317-338. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.65.2.317
56. Steiger, J. H., & Lind, J. C. (1980, May). Statistically based tests for the number of common factors. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Psychometric Society, Iowa City, IA.
57. Stinson, F. S., Dawson, D. A., Goldstein, R. B., Chou, S. P., Huang, B., Smith, S. M., Grant, B. F. (2008). Prevalence, correlates, disability, and comorbidity of DSM-IV narcissistic personality disorder: Results from the Wave 2 National Epi-demiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 69, 1033-1045. doi:10.4088/JCP.v69n0701 (Pubitemid 352031585)
58. Thissen, D., Chen, W.-H., & Bock, R. D. (2003). Multilog (Version 7) [Computer software]. Lincol-nwood, IN: Scientific Software, Inc.
59. Torgersen, S., Kringlen, E., & Cramer, V. (2001). The prevalence of personality disorders in a community sample. Archives of General Psychiatry, 58, 590-596. doi:10.1001/archpsyc.58.6.590 (Pubitemid 32523740)
60. Tucker, L. R., & Lewis, C. (1973). A reliability coefficient for maximum likelihood factor analysis. Psychometrika, 38, 1-10.
61. Walters, P., Moran, P., Choudhury, P., Lee, T., & Mann, A. (2004). Screening for personality disorder: A comparison of personality disorder assessment by patients and informants. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 13, 34-39. doi:10.1002/mpr.162 (Pubitemid 38868274)
62. Westen, D. (1997). Divergences between clinical and research methods for assessing personality disorders: Implications for research and the evolution of Axis II. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 154, 895-903. (Pubitemid 27274530)
63. Widiger, T. A., & Boyd, S. E. (2009). Personality disorder assessment instruments. In J. N. Butcher (Ed.), Oxford handbook of personality assessment (pp. 336-363). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
64. Widiger, T. A., & Frances, A. (1987). Interviews and inventories for the measurement of personality disorders. Clinical Psychology Review, 7, 49-75. doi: 10.1016/0272-7358(87)90004-3 (Pubitemid 17059086)
65. Wink, P. (1991). Two faces of narcissism. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61, 590-597. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.61.4.590
66. Zimmerman, M., Pfohl, B., Coryell, W., Stangl., D., & Corenthal, C. (1988). Diagnosing personality disorder in depressed patients: A comparison of patient and informant interviews. Archives of General Psychiatry, 45, 733-737.
67. Zimmerman, M., Pfohl, B., Stangl, D., & Corenthal., C. (1986). Assessment of DSM-III personality disorders: The importance of interviewing an informant. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 47, 261-263. (Pubitemid 16078416)
68. Zimmerman, M. (1994). Diagnosing personality disorders: A review of issues and research methods. Archives of General Psychiatry, 51, 225-245. (Pubitemid 24081511)