메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn , Issue , 2008, Pages 79-129

Diagnostic Criteria for Cerebrovascular Ultrasound

Author keywords

Autoregulation; Cerebrovascular studies; Flow patterns; Stenosis; Ultrasound

Indexed keywords

FLOW PATTERNS;

EID: 84870926086     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1002/9780470752883.ch6     Document Type: Chapter
Times cited : (14)

References (311)
  • 2
    • 4944226304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic criteria for transcranial Doppler sonography: a model for quality assurance and laboratory accreditation
    • Alexandrov AV, Tegeler CH. Diagnostic criteria for transcranial Doppler sonography: a model for quality assurance and laboratory accreditation. Vasc Ultrasound Today 1999; 4: 1-24.
    • (1999) Vasc Ultrasound Today , vol.4 , pp. 1-24
    • Alexandrov, A.V.1    Tegeler, C.H.2
  • 4
    • 53249150889 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Principles and models of hemodynamics
    • Hennerici M, Meairs S, eds, Cambridge:Cambridge University Press
    • Liepsch D. Principles and models of hemodynamics. In: Hennerici M, Meairs S, eds. Cerebrovascular Ultrasound:Theory, Practice, and Future Developments. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press, 2001: 27-8.
    • (2001) Cerebrovascular Ultrasound:Theory, Practice, and Future Developments. , pp. 27-28
    • Liepsch, D.1
  • 7
    • 0041819101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Computational principles and models of hemodynamics
    • Hennerici M, Meairs S, eds, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Perktold K, Karner G. Computational principles and models of hemodynamics. In: Hennerici M, Meairs S, eds. Cerebrovascular Ultrasound: Theory, Practice, and Future Developments. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001: 63-76.
    • (2001) Cerebrovascular Ultrasound: Theory, Practice, and Future Developments. , pp. 63-76
    • Perktold, K.1    Karner, G.2
  • 10
    • 0022375995 scopus 로고
    • Assessment of intracranial hemodynamics in carotid artery disease by transcranial Doppler ultrasound
    • Lindegaard KF, Bakke SJ, Grolimund P, Aaslid R, Huber P, Nornes H. Assessment of intracranial hemodynamics in carotid artery disease by transcranial Doppler ultrasound. J Neurosurg 1985; 63: 89-8.
    • (1985) J Neurosurg , vol.63 , pp. 88-89
    • Lindegaard, K.F.1    Bakke, S.J.2    Grolimund, P.3    Aaslid, R.4    Huber, P.5    Nornes, H.6
  • 11
    • 0023235985 scopus 로고
    • Transcranial Doppler ultrasound for the assessment of intracranial arterial flow velocityaPart I. Examination technique and normal values
    • Hennerici M, Rautenberg W, Schwartz A. Transcranial Doppler ultrasound for the assessment of intracranial arterial flow velocityaPart I. Examination technique and normal values. Surg Neurol 1987; 27: 439-48.
    • (1987) Surg Neurol , vol.27 , pp. 439-448
    • Hennerici, M.1    Rautenberg, W.2    Schwartz, A.3
  • 12
    • 0026724041 scopus 로고
    • Transcranial Doppler correlation with cerebral angiography in sickle cell disease
    • Adams RJ, Nichols FT, Figueroa R, McKie V, Lott T. Transcranial Doppler correlation with cerebral angiography in sickle cell disease. Stroke 1992; 23: 1073-7.
    • (1992) Stroke , vol.23 , pp. 1073-1077
    • Adams, R.J.1    Nichols, F.T.2    Figueroa, R.3    McKie, V.4    Lott, T.5
  • 13
    • 0003095060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The transcranial Doppler examination: principles and applications of transcranial Doppler sonography
    • Tegeler CH, Babikian VL, Gomez CR, eds, St Louis: Mosby
    • Otis SM, Ringelstein EB. The transcranial Doppler examination: principles and applications of transcranial Doppler sonography. In: Tegeler CH, Babikian VL, Gomez CR, eds. Neurosonology. St Louis: Mosby, 1996:140-55.
    • (1996) Neurosonology , pp. 140-155
    • Otis, S.M.1    Ringelstein, E.B.2
  • 15
    • 0009352401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transcranial Doppler indices of intracranial hemodynamics
    • Tegeler CH, Babikian VL, Gomez CR, eds, St Louis:Mosby
    • Bragoni M, Feldmann E. Transcranial Doppler indices of intracranial hemodynamics. In: Tegeler CH, Babikian VL, Gomez CR, eds. Neurosonology. St Louis:Mosby, 1996: 129-39.
    • (1996) Neurosonology , pp. 129-139
    • Bragoni, M.1    Feldmann, E.2
  • 16
    • 84970520838 scopus 로고
    • Arterial assessment by Dopplershift ultrasound
    • Gosling RG, King DH. Arterial assessment by Dopplershift ultrasound. Proc R Soc Med 1974; 67: 447-9.
    • (1974) Proc R Soc Med , vol.67 , pp. 447-449
    • Gosling, R.G.1    King, D.H.2
  • 17
    • 0000982004 scopus 로고
    • Applications cliniques de l'examen Doppler transcutane. Les colloques de l'institute national de la santé et de la recherche medicale
    • Pourcellot L. Applications cliniques de l'examen Doppler transcutane. Les colloques de l'institute national de la santé et de la recherche medicale. INSERM 1974:213-40.
    • (1974) INSERM , pp. 213-240
    • Pourcellot, L.1
  • 18
    • 0032076467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gosling's pulsatility index revisited
    • Michel E, Zernikow B. Gosling's pulsatility index revisited. Ultrasound Med Biol 1998; 24: 597-9.
    • (1998) Ultrasound Med Biol , vol.24 , pp. 597-599
    • Michel, E.1    Zernikow, B.2
  • 19
    • 0032892456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frontal bone windows for transcranial color-coded duplex sonography
    • Stolz E, Kaps M, Kern A, Dorndorf W. Frontal bone windows for transcranial color-coded duplex sonography. Stroke 1999; 30 (4): 814-20.
    • (1999) Stroke , vol.30 , Issue.4 , pp. 814-820
    • Stolz, E.1    Kaps, M.2    Kern, A.3    Dorndorf, W.4
  • 20
    • 0025734372 scopus 로고
    • Beneficial effect of carotid endarterectomy in symptomatic patients with highgrade carotid stenosis
    • North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial Collaborators. Beneficial effect of carotid endarterectomy in symptomatic patients with highgrade carotid stenosis. N Engl J Med 1991; 325:445-53.
    • (1991) N Engl J Med , vol.325 , pp. 445-453
  • 21
    • 0032499446 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomised trial of endarterectomy for recently symptomatic carotid stenosis: final results of the MRC European Carotid Surgery Trial (ECST)
    • European Carotid Surgery Trialists' Collaborative Group. Randomised trial of endarterectomy for recently symptomatic carotid stenosis: final results of the MRC European Carotid Surgery Trial (ECST). Lancet 1998; 351: 1379-87.
    • (1998) Lancet , vol.351 , pp. 1379-1387
  • 22
    • 0028938324 scopus 로고
    • Endarterectomy for asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis
    • Executive Committee of the Asymptomatic Carotid Atherosclerosis Study. Endarterectomy for asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis. JAMA 1995; 273: 1421-8.
    • (1995) JAMA , vol.273 , pp. 1421-1428
  • 23
    • 0034156925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carotid angioplasty and stenting: new horizons
    • Gomez CR. Carotid angioplasty and stenting: new horizons. Curr Atheroscler Rep 2000; 2: 151-9.
    • (2000) Curr Atheroscler Rep , vol.2 , pp. 151-159
    • Gomez, C.R.1
  • 26
    • 0028814571 scopus 로고
    • Assessment of carotid artery stenosis by ultrasonography, conventional angiography, and magnetic resonance angiography: correlation with ex vivo measurement of plaque stenosis
    • Pan XM, Saloner D, Reilly LM, Bowersox JC, Murray SP, Anderson CM, Gooding GA, Rapp JH. Assessment of carotid artery stenosis by ultrasonography, conventional angiography, and magnetic resonance angiography: correlation with ex vivo measurement of plaque stenosis. J Vasc Surg 1995; 21: 82-8.
    • (1995) J Vasc Surg , vol.21 , pp. 82-88
    • Pan, X.M.1    Saloner, D.2    Reilly, L.M.3    Bowersox, J.C.4    Murray, S.P.5    Anderson, C.M.6    Gooding, G.A.7    Rapp, J.H.8
  • 27
    • 0027463917 scopus 로고
    • How to measure carotid stenosis?
    • Fox AJ. How to measure carotid stenosis? Radiology 1993; 186: 316-8.
    • (1993) Radiology , vol.186 , pp. 316-318
    • Fox, A.J.1
  • 29
    • 0028081401 scopus 로고
    • Equivalence of measurements of carotid stenosis. A comparison of three methods on 1001 angiograms. European Carotid Surgery Trialists' Collaborative Group
    • Rothwell PM, Gibson RJ, Slattery J, Sellar RJ, Warlow CP. Equivalence of measurements of carotid stenosis. A comparison of three methods on 1001 angiograms. European Carotid Surgery Trialists' Collaborative Group. Stroke 1994; 25: 2435-9.
    • (1994) Stroke , vol.25 , pp. 2435-2439
    • Rothwell, P.M.1    Gibson, R.J.2    Slattery, J.3    Sellar, R.J.4    Warlow, C.P.5
  • 31
    • 0023476807 scopus 로고
    • Predicting the normal dimensions of the internal and external carotid arteries from the diameter of the common carotid artery
    • Williams MA, Nicolaides AN. Predicting the normal dimensions of the internal and external carotid arteries from the diameter of the common carotid artery. Eur J Vasc Surg 1986; 1: 91-6.
    • (1986) Eur J Vasc Surg , vol.1 , pp. 91-96
    • Williams, M.A.1    Nicolaides, A.N.2
  • 32
    • 0031036613 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Correlation of peak systolic velocity and angiographic measurement of carotid stenosis revisited
    • Alexandrov AV, Brodie DS, McLean A, Murphy J, Hamilton P, Burns PN. Correlation of peak systolic velocity and angiographic measurement of carotid stenosis revisited. Stroke 1997; 28: 339-42.
    • (1997) Stroke , vol.28 , pp. 339-342
    • Alexandrov, A.V.1    Brodie, D.S.2    McLean, A.3    Murphy, J.4    Hamilton, P.5    Burns, P.N.6
  • 35
    • 85077347668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How should we estimate carotid stenosis using magnetic resonance angiography?
    • Fox AJ. How should we estimate carotid stenosis using magnetic resonance angiography? Neuroradiology 1997; 39: 532-3.
    • (1997) Neuroradiology , vol.39 , pp. 532-533
    • Fox, A.J.1
  • 36
    • 0028016307 scopus 로고
    • Carotid artery stenosis: a prospective comparison of CT angiography and conventional angiography
    • Cumming MJ, Morrow IM. Carotid artery stenosis: a prospective comparison of CT angiography and conventional angiography. AJR 1994; 163: 517-23.
    • (1994) AJR , vol.163 , pp. 517-523
    • Cumming, M.J.1    Morrow, I.M.2
  • 37
    • 0029818138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical significance of the flow gap in carotid magnetic resonance angiography
    • Heiserman JE, Zabramnski JM, Drayer BP, Keller PJ. Clinical significance of the flow gap in carotid magnetic resonance angiography. J Neurosurg 1996; 85: 384-7.
    • (1996) J Neurosurg , vol.85 , pp. 384-387
    • Heiserman, J.E.1    Zabramnski, J.M.2    Drayer, B.P.3    Keller, P.J.4
  • 39
    • 0029021391 scopus 로고
    • Perioperative imaging strategies for carotid endarterectomy. An analysis of morbidity and cost-effectiveness in symptomatic patients
    • Kent KC, Kuntz KM, Patel MR, Kim D, Klufas RA, Whittemore AD, Polak JF, Skillman JJ, Edelman RR. Perioperative imaging strategies for carotid endarterectomy. An analysis of morbidity and cost-effectiveness in symptomatic patients. JAMA 1995; 274: 888-93.
    • (1995) JAMA , vol.274 , pp. 888-893
    • Kent, K.C.1    Kuntz, K.M.2    Patel, M.R.3    Kim, D.4    Klufas, R.A.5    Whittemore, A.D.6    Polak, J.F.7    Skillman, J.J.8    Edelman, R.R.9
  • 40
    • 0030014577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relative contributions of carotid duplex scanning, magnetic resonance angiography, and cerebral arteriography to clinical decision making: a prospective study in patients with carotid occlusive disease
    • Erdoes LS, Marek JM, Mills JL, Berman SS, Whitehill T, Hunter GC, Feinberg W, Krupski W. The relative contributions of carotid duplex scanning, magnetic resonance angiography, and cerebral arteriography to clinical decision making: a prospective study in patients with carotid occlusive disease. J Vasc Surg 1996; 23:950-6.
    • (1996) J Vasc Surg , vol.23 , pp. 950-956
    • Erdoes, L.S.1    Marek, J.M.2    Mills, J.L.3    Berman, S.S.4    Whitehill, T.5    Hunter, G.C.6    Feinberg, W.7    Krupski, W.8
  • 41
    • 0029145137 scopus 로고
    • Computed tomographic angiography for the evaluation of carotid artery disease
    • Leclerc X, Godefroy O, Pruvo JP, Leys D. Computed tomographic angiography for the evaluation of carotid artery disease. Stroke 1995; 26: 1577-81.
    • (1995) Stroke , vol.26 , pp. 1577-1581
    • Leclerc, X.1    Godefroy, O.2    Pruvo, J.P.3    Leys, D.4
  • 43
    • 0031029616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Common carotid bifurcation: preliminary results of CT angiography and color-coded duplex sonography compared with digital subtraction angiography
    • Link J, Brossman J, Panselin V, Gluer CC, Heller M. Common carotid bifurcation: preliminary results of CT angiography and color-coded duplex sonography compared with digital subtraction angiography. AJR 1997; 168: 361-5.
    • (1997) AJR , vol.168 , pp. 361-365
    • Link, J.1    Brossman, J.2    Panselin, V.3    Gluer, C.C.4    Heller, M.5
  • 44
    • 0009657469 scopus 로고
    • Benefits from carotid surgery? Yes, but
    • Bousser MG. Benefits from carotid surgery? Yes, but . . . Cerebrovasc Dis 1992; 2: 122-6.
    • (1992) Cerebrovasc Dis , vol.2 , pp. 122-126
    • Bousser, M.G.1
  • 45
    • 0034074733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Critical appraisal of the design and reporting of studies of imaging and measurement of carotid stenosis
    • Rothwell PM, Pendlebury ST, Wardlaw J, Warlow CP. Critical appraisal of the design and reporting of studies of imaging and measurement of carotid stenosis. Stroke 2000; 31: 1444-50.
    • (2000) Stroke , vol.31 , pp. 1444-1450
    • Rothwell, P.M.1    Pendlebury, S.T.2    Wardlaw, J.3    Warlow, C.P.4
  • 46
    • 0019440771 scopus 로고
    • Real-time B-mode carotid imaging in diagnosis of cerebrovascular disease
    • Comerota AJ, Cranley JJ, Cook SE. Real-time B-mode carotid imaging in diagnosis of cerebrovascular disease. Surgery 1981; 89: 718-29.
    • (1981) Surgery , vol.89 , pp. 718-729
    • Comerota, A.J.1    Cranley, J.J.2    Cook, S.E.3
  • 47
    • 41749102147 scopus 로고
    • Quantitation of atheromatous stenosis in the extracranial internal carotid artery
    • deBray JM, Glatt B. Quantitation of atheromatous stenosis in the extracranial internal carotid artery. Cerebrovasc Dis 1995; 5: 414-26.
    • (1995) Cerebrovasc Dis , vol.5 , pp. 414-426
    • deBray, J.M.1    Glatt, B.2
  • 48
  • 50
    • 0023460168 scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis of symptomatic plaque in the carotid arteries of patients with neurologic ischemia symptoms
    • in German
    • Ruthlein VM, Spengel FA. Diagnosis of symptomatic plaque in the carotid arteries of patients with neurologic ischemia symptoms. Bildebung 1987-89; 56: 19-22 [in German].
    • (1987) Bildebung , vol.56 , pp. 19-22
    • Ruthlein, V.M.1    Spengel, F.A.2
  • 52
    • 0024240033 scopus 로고
    • Carotid artery atheroma: comparison of preoperative B-mode ultrasound appearance with carotid endarterectomy specimen pathology
    • Gray-Weale AC, Graham JC, Burnett JR, Byrne K, Lusby RJ. Carotid artery atheroma: comparison of preoperative B-mode ultrasound appearance with carotid endarterectomy specimen pathology. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino) 1988; 29: 676-81.
    • (1988) J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino) , vol.29 , pp. 676-681
    • Gray-Weale, A.C.1    Graham, J.C.2    Burnett, J.R.3    Byrne, K.4    Lusby, R.J.5
  • 54
    • 0027385190 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid plaques using high-resolution real-time ultrasonography
    • Geroulakos G, Ramaswami G, Nicolaides A, James K, Labropoulos N, Belcaro G, Holloway M. Characterization of symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid plaques using high-resolution real-time ultrasonography. Br J Surg 1993; 80: 1274-7.
    • (1993) Br J Surg , vol.80 , pp. 1274-1277
    • Geroulakos, G.1    Ramaswami, G.2    Nicolaides, A.3    James, K.4    Labropoulos, N.5    Belcaro, G.6    Holloway, M.7
  • 55
    • 0031752671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypoechoic plaque at US of the carotid artery: an independent risk factor for incident stroke in adults aged 65 years or older. Cardiovascular Health Study
    • Polak JF, Shemanski L, O'Leary DH et al. Hypoechoic plaque at US of the carotid artery: an independent risk factor for incident stroke in adults aged 65 years or older. Cardiovascular Health Study. Radiology 1998; 208: 649-54.
    • (1998) Radiology , vol.208 , pp. 649-654
    • Polak, J.F.1    Shemanski, L.2    O'Leary, D.H.3
  • 59
    • 3142680692 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carotid plaque morphology in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients
    • Caplan LR, Shifrin EG, Nicolaides AN, Moore WS, eds, London:Med-Orion
    • Fisher M. Carotid plaque morphology in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. In: Caplan LR, Shifrin EG, Nicolaides AN, Moore WS, eds. Cerebrovascular Ischemia: Investigation and Management. London:Med-Orion, 1996: 19-24.
    • (1996) Cerebrovascular Ischemia: Investigation and Management , pp. 19-24
    • Fisher, M.1
  • 61
    • 0021016992 scopus 로고
    • Ultrasonic tissue characterization of atheromatous plaques using a high resolution real time scanner
    • Wolverson MK, Bashiti HM, Peterson GJ. Ultrasonic tissue characterization of atheromatous plaques using a high resolution real time scanner. Ultrasound Med Biol 1983; 9: 599-609.
    • (1983) Ultrasound Med Biol , vol.9 , pp. 599-609
    • Wolverson, M.K.1    Bashiti, H.M.2    Peterson, G.J.3
  • 62
    • 0023097443 scopus 로고
    • Carotid bifurcation disease: prediction of ulceration with B-mode US
    • O'Leary DH, Holen J, Ricotta JJ, Roe S, Schenk EA. Carotid bifurcation disease: prediction of ulceration with B-mode US. Radiology 1987; 162: 523-5.
    • (1987) Radiology , vol.162 , pp. 523-525
    • O'Leary, D.H.1    Holen, J.2    Ricotta, J.J.3    Roe, S.4    Schenk, E.A.5
  • 63
    • 0023837324 scopus 로고
    • The identification of ulcerative plaque with high resolution duplex carotid scanning
    • Bluth EI, McVay LV, Merritt CR, Sullivan MA. The identification of ulcerative plaque with high resolution duplex carotid scanning. J Ultrasound Med 1988; 7:73-6.
    • (1988) J Ultrasound Med , vol.7 , pp. 73-76
    • Bluth, E.I.1    McVay, L.V.2    Merritt, C.R.3    Sullivan, M.A.4
  • 65
    • 0026529637 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of flow disturbances in small carotid atheroma using a multigate pulsed Doppler and Doppler color flow imaging
    • Steinke W, Els T, Hennerici M. Comparison of flow disturbances in small carotid atheroma using a multigate pulsed Doppler and Doppler color flow imaging. Ultrasound Med Biol 1992; 18: 11-8.
    • (1992) Ultrasound Med Biol , vol.18 , pp. 11-18
    • Steinke, W.1    Els, T.2    Hennerici, M.3
  • 66
    • 0026541571 scopus 로고
    • Symptomatic and asymptomatic high-grade carotid stenoses in Doppler color-flow imaging
    • Steinke W, Hennerici M, Rautenberg W, Mohr JP. Symptomatic and asymptomatic high-grade carotid stenoses in Doppler color-flow imaging. Neurology 1992; 42: 131-8.
    • (1992) Neurology , vol.42 , pp. 131-138
    • Steinke, W.1    Hennerici, M.2    Rautenberg, W.3    Mohr, J.P.4
  • 67
    • 0030030191 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sonographic assessment of carotid artery stenosis. Comparison of power Doppler imaging and color Doppler flow imaging
    • Steinke W, Meairs S, Reis S, Hennerici M. Sonographic assessment of carotid artery stenosis. Comparison of power Doppler imaging and color Doppler flow imaging. Stroke 1996; 27: 91-4.
    • (1996) Stroke , vol.27 , pp. 91-94
    • Steinke, W.1    Meairs, S.2    Reis, S.3    Hennerici, M.4
  • 68
    • 0029878519 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Color-flow Dopplerassisted duplex imaging fails to detect ulceration in high grade internal carotid artery stenosis
    • Sitzer M, Muller W, Rademacher J, Seibler M, Hort W, Kniemeyer HW, Steinmetz H. Color-flow Dopplerassisted duplex imaging fails to detect ulceration in high grade internal carotid artery stenosis. J Vasc Surg 1996; 23: 461-5.
    • (1996) J Vasc Surg , vol.23 , pp. 461-465
    • Sitzer, M.1    Muller, W.2    Rademacher, J.3    Seibler, M.4    Hort, W.5    Kniemeyer, H.W.6    Steinmetz, H.7
  • 69
    • 0030832294 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of ultrasonic and histopathological features of carotid artery stenosis
    • Droste DW, Karl M, Bohle RM, Kaps M. Comparison of ultrasonic and histopathological features of carotid artery stenosis. Neurol Res 1997; 19: 380-4.
    • (1997) Neurol Res , vol.19 , pp. 380-384
    • Droste, D.W.1    Karl, M.2    Bohle, R.M.3    Kaps, M.4
  • 70
    • 0033936514 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Threedimensional ultrasound observation of carotid artery plaque ulceration
    • Schminke U, Motsch L, Hilker L, Kessler C. Threedimensional ultrasound observation of carotid artery plaque ulceration. Stroke 2000; 31: 1651-15.
    • (2000) Stroke , vol.31 , pp. 1615-1651
    • Schminke, U.1    Motsch, L.2    Hilker, L.3    Kessler, C.4
  • 71
    • 0032864119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Four-dimensional ultrasonographic characterization of plaque surface motion in patients with symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis
    • Meairs S, Hennerici M. Four-dimensional ultrasonographic characterization of plaque surface motion in patients with symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis. Stroke 1999; 30: 1807-13.
    • (1999) Stroke , vol.30 , pp. 1807-1813
    • Meairs, S.1    Hennerici, M.2
  • 72
    • 0026353822 scopus 로고
    • The value of duplex sonography in cerebral ischemia
    • in German
    • Sliwka U, Rother J, Steinke W, Hennerici M. The value of duplex sonography in cerebral ischemia. Bildebung 1991; 58: 182-91 [in German].
    • (1991) Bildebung , vol.58 , pp. 182-191
    • Sliwka, U.1    Rother, J.2    Steinke, W.3    Hennerici, M.4
  • 73
    • 0025985476 scopus 로고
    • Color-coded duplex sonography of the extracranial arteries supplying the brain:diagnostic significance and sources of error compared in comparison with i.a. DSA
    • Tschammler A, Landwehr P, Hohmann M, Moll R, Wittenberg G, Lackner K. Color-coded duplex sonography of the extracranial arteries supplying the brain:diagnostic significance and sources of error compared in comparison with i.a. DSA. Rofo Fortschr Geb Roentgenstr Neuen Bildgeb Verfahr 1991; 155: 452-9.
    • (1991) Rofo Fortschr Geb Roentgenstr Neuen Bildgeb Verfahr , vol.155 , pp. 452-459
    • Tschammler, A.1    Landwehr, P.2    Hohmann, M.3    Moll, R.4    Wittenberg, G.5    Lackner, K.6
  • 74
    • 0028967115 scopus 로고
    • Color Doppler and duplex sonography and angiography of the carotid bifurcations. Prospective, double-blind study
    • Bray JM, Galland F, Lhoste P, Nicolau S, Dubas F, Emile J, Pillet J. Color Doppler and duplex sonography and angiography of the carotid bifurcations. Prospective, double-blind study. Neuroradiology 1995; 37: 219-24.
    • (1995) Neuroradiology , vol.37 , pp. 219-224
    • Bray, J.M.1    Galland, F.2    Lhoste, P.3    Nicolau, S.4    Dubas, F.5    Emile, J.6    Pillet, J.7
  • 75
    • 0027674370 scopus 로고
    • Color-coded duplex ultrasound in pre-occlusive stenoses of the internal carotid artery
    • in German
    • Hetzel A, Eckenweber B, Trummer B, Wernz M, von Reutern GM. Color-coded duplex ultrasound in pre-occlusive stenoses of the internal carotid artery. Ultraschall Med 1993; 14: 240-6 [in German].
    • (1993) Ultraschall Med , vol.14 , pp. 240-246
    • Hetzel, A.1    Eckenweber, B.2    Trummer, B.3    Wernz, M.4    von Reutern, G.M.5
  • 76
    • 0030720336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Power Doppler imaging of carotid stenosis. Comparison with color Doppler flow imaging and angiography
    • Steinke W, Reis S, Artemius N, Schwartz A, Hennerici M. Power Doppler imaging of carotid stenosis. Comparison with color Doppler flow imaging and angiography. Stroke 1997; 28: 1981-7.
    • (1997) Stroke , vol.28 , pp. 1981-1987
    • Steinke, W.1    Reis, S.2    Artemius, N.3    Schwartz, A.4    Hennerici, M.5
  • 77
    • 0018425964 scopus 로고
    • Quantitation of carotid stenosis with continuous wave (C-W) Doppler ultrasound
    • Spencer MP, Reid JM. Quantitation of carotid stenosis with continuous wave (C-W) Doppler ultrasound. Stroke 1979; 10: 793-8.
    • (1979) Stroke , vol.10 , pp. 793-798
    • Spencer, M.P.1    Reid, J.M.2
  • 78
    • 0028006823 scopus 로고
    • Hemodynamics of arterial narrowing and occlusion
    • Bendick PJ. Hemodynamics of arterial narrowing and occlusion. J Vasc Technol 1994; 18: 235-40.
    • (1994) J Vasc Technol , vol.18 , pp. 235-240
    • Bendick, P.J.1
  • 79
    • 0022706824 scopus 로고
    • Morphologic and Doppler sonographic criteria for determining the degree of stenosis of the internal carotid artery
    • in German
    • Widder B, von Reutern GM, Neuerburg-Heusler D. Morphologic and Doppler sonographic criteria for determining the degree of stenosis of the internal carotid artery. Ultraschall Med 1986; 7: 70-5 [in German].
    • (1986) Ultraschall Med , vol.7 , pp. 70-75
    • Widder, B.1    von Reutern, G.M.2    Neuerburg-Heusler, D.3
  • 80
    • 0029558236 scopus 로고
    • Effect of contra-lateral severe stenosis or carotid occlusion on duplex criteria of ipsilateral stenoses: comparative study of various duplex parameters
    • AbuRhama AF, Richmond BK, Robinson PA, Khan S, Pollack JA, Alberts S. Effect of contra-lateral severe stenosis or carotid occlusion on duplex criteria of ipsilateral stenoses: comparative study of various duplex parameters. J Vasc Surg 1995; 22: 751-61.
    • (1995) J Vasc Surg , vol.22 , pp. 751-761
    • AbuRhama, A.F.1    Richmond, B.K.2    Robinson, P.A.3    Khan, S.4    Pollack, J.A.5    Alberts, S.6
  • 82
    • 0027410697 scopus 로고
    • Correlation of North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial (NASCET) angiographic definition of 70-99% internal carotid stenosis with duplex scanning
    • Moneta GL, Edwards JM, Chitwood RW, Taylor LM, Lee RW, Cummings CA, Porter JM. Correlation of North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial (NASCET) angiographic definition of 70-99% internal carotid stenosis with duplex scanning. J Vasc Surg 1993; 17: 152-7.
    • (1993) J Vasc Surg , vol.17 , pp. 152-157
    • Moneta, G.L.1    Edwards, J.M.2    Chitwood, R.W.3    Taylor, L.M.4    Lee, R.W.5    Cummings, C.A.6    Porter, J.M.7
  • 83
    • 0027475543 scopus 로고
    • Detection and quantification of carotid artery stenosis:efficacy of various Doppler velocity parameters
    • Hunink MG, Polak JF, Barlan MM, O'Leary DH. Detection and quantification of carotid artery stenosis:efficacy of various Doppler velocity parameters. Am J Roentgenol 1993; 160: 619-25.
    • (1993) Am J Roentgenol , vol.160 , pp. 619-625
    • Hunink, M.G.1    Polak, J.F.2    Barlan, M.M.3    O'Leary, D.H.4
  • 84
    • 0032959127 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The value of internal carotid systolic velocity ratio for assessing carotid artery stenosis with Doppler sonography
    • Soulez G, Therasse E, Robillard P, Fontaine A, Denbow N, Bourgouin P, Oliva VL. The value of internal carotid systolic velocity ratio for assessing carotid artery stenosis with Doppler sonography. Am J Roentgenol 1999; 172: 207-12.
    • (1999) Am J Roentgenol , vol.172 , pp. 207-212
    • Soulez, G.1    Therasse, E.2    Robillard, P.3    Fontaine, A.4    Denbow, N.5    Bourgouin, P.6    Oliva, V.L.7
  • 86
    • 0035120755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Duplex criteria for determination of 50% or greater carotid stenosis
    • Neschis DG, Lexa FJ, Davis JT, Carpenter JP. Duplex criteria for determination of 50% or greater carotid stenosis. J Ultrasound Med 2001; 20 (3): 207-15.
    • (2001) J Ultrasound Med , vol.20 , Issue.3 , pp. 207-215
    • Neschis, D.G.1    Lexa, F.J.2    Davis, J.T.3    Carpenter, J.P.4
  • 87
    • 0033943283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of contralateral disease on duplex measurements of internal carotid artery stenosis
    • Ray SA, Lockhart SJ, Dourado R, Irvine AT, Burnand KG. Effect of contralateral disease on duplex measurements of internal carotid artery stenosis. Br J Surg 2000; 87: 1057-62.
    • (2000) Br J Surg , vol.87 , pp. 1057-1062
    • Ray, S.A.1    Lockhart, S.J.2    Dourado, R.3    Irvine, A.T.4    Burnand, K.G.5
  • 88
    • 0000123717 scopus 로고
    • Overestimation of velocity and frequency values by multielement linear array Dopplers
    • Daigle RJ, Stavros AT, Lee RM. Overestimation of velocity and frequency values by multielement linear array Dopplers. J Vasc Technol 1990; 14: 206-13.
    • (1990) J Vasc Technol , vol.14 , pp. 206-213
    • Daigle, R.J.1    Stavros, A.T.2    Lee, R.M.3
  • 90
    • 0022375995 scopus 로고
    • Assessment of intracranial hemodynamics in carotid artery disease by transcranial Doppler ultrasound
    • Lindegaard K, Bakke S, Grolimund P, Aaslid R, Huber P, Nornes H. Assessment of intracranial hemodynamics in carotid artery disease by transcranial Doppler ultrasound. J Neurosurg 1985; 63: 890-8.
    • (1985) J Neurosurg , vol.63 , pp. 890-898
    • Lindegaard, K.1    Bakke, S.2    Grolimund, P.3    Aaslid, R.4    Huber, P.5    Nornes, H.6
  • 91
    • 0023950494 scopus 로고
    • Effect of internal carotid artery occlusion on intracranial hemodynamics: transcranial Doppler evaluation and clinical correlation
    • Schneider P, Rossman M, Bernstein E, Torem S, Ringelstein E, Otis S. Effect of internal carotid artery occlusion on intracranial hemodynamics: transcranial Doppler evaluation and clinical correlation. Stroke 1988; 19: 589-93.
    • (1988) Stroke , vol.19 , pp. 589-593
    • Schneider, P.1    Rossman, M.2    Bernstein, E.3    Torem, S.4    Ringelstein, E.5    Otis, S.6
  • 92
    • 0025322566 scopus 로고
    • Correlation of transcranial Doppler and noninvasive tests with angiography in the evaluation of extracranial carotid disease
    • Cantelmo N, Babikian V, Johnson W, Samaraweera R, Hyde C, Pochay V. Correlation of transcranial Doppler and noninvasive tests with angiography in the evaluation of extracranial carotid disease. J Vasc Surg 1990; 11:786-92.
    • (1990) J Vasc Surg , vol.11 , pp. 786-792
    • Cantelmo, N.1    Babikian, V.2    Johnson, W.3    Samaraweera, R.4    Hyde, C.5    Pochay, V.6
  • 94
    • 0031035202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transcranial Doppler ultrasound battery reliably identifies severe internal carotid artery stenosis
    • Wilterdink JL, Feldmann E, Furie KL, Bragoni M, Benavides JG. Transcranial Doppler ultrasound battery reliably identifies severe internal carotid artery stenosis. Stroke 1997; 28: 133-6.
    • (1997) Stroke , vol.28 , pp. 133-136
    • Wilterdink, J.L.1    Feldmann, E.2    Furie, K.L.3    Bragoni, M.4    Benavides, J.G.5
  • 95
    • 0030726776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transcranial Doppler ultrasound criteria for hemodynamically significant internal carotid artery stenosis based on residual lumen diameter calculated from en bloc endarterectomy specimens
    • Can U, Furie KL, Suwanwela N, Southern JF, Macdonald NR, Ogilvy CS, Buonanno FS, Koroshetz WJ, Kistler JP. Transcranial Doppler ultrasound criteria for hemodynamically significant internal carotid artery stenosis based on residual lumen diameter calculated from en bloc endarterectomy specimens. Stroke 1997; 28: 1966-71.
    • (1997) Stroke , vol.28 , pp. 1966-1971
    • Can, U.1    Furie, K.L.2    Suwanwela, N.3    Southern, J.F.4    Macdonald, N.R.5    Ogilvy, C.S.6    Buonanno, F.S.7    Koroshetz, W.J.8    Kistler, J.P.9
  • 96
    • 0034929987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accuracy parameters of a broad diagnostic battery for bedside transcranial Doppler to detect flow changes with internal carotid artery stenosis or occlusion
    • Christou I, Felberg RA, Demchuk AM, Grotta JC, Burgin WS, Malkoff M, Alexandrov AV. Accuracy parameters of a broad diagnostic battery for bedside transcranial Doppler to detect flow changes with internal carotid artery stenosis or occlusion. J Neuroimaging 2001; 11: 236-42.
    • (2001) J Neuroimaging , vol.11 , pp. 236-242
    • Christou, I.1    Felberg, R.A.2    Demchuk, A.M.3    Grotta, J.C.4    Burgin, W.S.5    Malkoff, M.6    Alexandrov, A.V.7
  • 97
    • 0036142322 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ophthalmic artery flow direction on color flow duplex imaging is highly specific for severe carotid stenosis
    • Reynolds PS, Greenberg JP, Lien LM, Meads DC, Myers LG, Tegeler CH. Ophthalmic artery flow direction on color flow duplex imaging is highly specific for severe carotid stenosis. J Neuroimaging 2002; 12: 5-8.
    • (2002) J Neuroimaging , vol.12 , pp. 5-8
    • Reynolds, P.S.1    Greenberg, J.P.2    Lien, L.M.3    Meads, D.C.4    Myers, L.G.5    Tegeler, C.H.6
  • 100
    • 0029558236 scopus 로고
    • Effect of contralateral severe stenosis or carotid occlusion on duplex criteria of ipsilateral stenoses: comparative study of various duplex parameters
    • AbuRahma AF, Richmond BK, Robinson PA, Khan S, Pollack JA, Alberts S. Effect of contralateral severe stenosis or carotid occlusion on duplex criteria of ipsilateral stenoses: comparative study of various duplex parameters. J Vasc Surg 1995; 22: 751-61.
    • (1995) J Vasc Surg , vol.22 , pp. 751-761
    • AbuRahma, A.F.1    Richmond, B.K.2    Robinson, P.A.3    Khan, S.4    Pollack, J.A.5    Alberts, S.6
  • 102
    • 0018896417 scopus 로고
    • Resolving siphon stenosis following endarterectomy
    • Day AL, Rhoton AL, Quisling RG. Resolving siphon stenosis following endarterectomy. Stroke 1980; 11:278-81.
    • (1980) Stroke , vol.11 , pp. 278-281
    • Day, A.L.1    Rhoton, A.L.2    Quisling, R.G.3
  • 103
    • 0033762380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hemodynamics of in-tandem stenosis of the internal carotid artery: when is carotid endarterectomy indicated?
    • Guppy KH, Charbel FT, Loth F, Ausman JI. Hemodynamics of in-tandem stenosis of the internal carotid artery: when is carotid endarterectomy indicated? Surg Neurol 2000; 54: 145-52.
    • (2000) Surg Neurol , vol.54 , pp. 145-152
    • Guppy, K.H.1    Charbel, F.T.2    Loth, F.3    Ausman, J.I.4
  • 104
    • 0027958577 scopus 로고
    • Usefulness of an intravenous contrast medium in the characterization of high-grade internal carotid stenosis with color Doppler-assisted duplex imaging
    • Sitzer M, Furst G, Siebler M, Steinmetz H. Usefulness of an intravenous contrast medium in the characterization of high-grade internal carotid stenosis with color Doppler-assisted duplex imaging. Stroke 1994; 25 (2):385-9.
    • (1994) Stroke , vol.25 , Issue.2 , pp. 385-389
    • Sitzer, M.1    Furst, G.2    Siebler, M.3    Steinmetz, H.4
  • 107
    • 0142142905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • B-flow and contrast medium-enhanced power Doppler (Optison (R))apreoperative diagnosis of high-grade stenosis of the internal carotid artery
    • in German
    • Jung EM, Kubale R, Clevert DA, Lutz R, Rupp N. B-flow and contrast medium-enhanced power Doppler (Optison (R))apreoperative diagnosis of high-grade stenosis of the internal carotid artery. Rofo Fortschr Geb Rontgenstr Neuen Bildgeb Verfahr 2002; 174: 62-9 [in German].
    • (2002) Rofo Fortschr Geb Rontgenstr Neuen Bildgeb Verfahr , vol.174 , pp. 62-69
    • Jung, E.M.1    Kubale, R.2    Clevert, D.A.3    Lutz, R.4    Rupp, N.5
  • 108
    • 0014745044 scopus 로고
    • Internal carotid artery occlusion diagnosed by Doppler ultrasound
    • Maroon JC, Campbell RL, Dyken ML. Internal carotid artery occlusion diagnosed by Doppler ultrasound. Stroke 1970; 1: 122-7.
    • (1970) Stroke , vol.1 , pp. 122-127
    • Maroon, J.C.1    Campbell, R.L.2    Dyken, M.L.3
  • 109
    • 0015385062 scopus 로고
    • The diagnosis of internal carotid artery occlusion by directional Doppler sonography of the ophthalmic artery
    • Muller HR. The diagnosis of internal carotid artery occlusion by directional Doppler sonography of the ophthalmic artery. Neurology 1972; 22: 816-23.
    • (1972) Neurology , vol.22 , pp. 816-823
    • Muller, H.R.1
  • 110
    • 0023147235 scopus 로고
    • Noninvasive differentiation of carotid artery occlusion from high-grade stenosis
    • Hill SL, Christie A, McDannald ER, Donato AT, Martin D. Noninvasive differentiation of carotid artery occlusion from high-grade stenosis. Am Surg 1987; 53: 84-93.
    • (1987) Am Surg , vol.53 , pp. 84-93
    • Hill, S.L.1    Christie, A.2    McDannald, E.R.3    Donato, A.T.4    Martin, D.5
  • 112
    • 0021021774 scopus 로고
    • The pathogenesis of strokes from internal carotid artery occlusion. Diagnostic and therapeutical implications
    • Ringelstein EB, Zeumer H, Angelou D. The pathogenesis of strokes from internal carotid artery occlusion. Diagnostic and therapeutical implications. Stroke 1983; 14: 867-75.
    • (1983) Stroke , vol.14 , pp. 867-875
    • Ringelstein, E.B.1    Zeumer, H.2    Angelou, D.3
  • 113
    • 0022602872 scopus 로고
    • Effect of internal carotid artery occlusion on middle cerebral artery blood flow at rest and in response to hypercapnia
    • Bishop CC, Powell S, Insall M, Rutt D, Browse NL. Effect of internal carotid artery occlusion on middle cerebral artery blood flow at rest and in response to hypercapnia. Lancet 1986; 1: 710-2.
    • (1986) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 710-712
    • Bishop, C.C.1    Powell, S.2    Insall, M.3    Rutt, D.4    Browse, N.L.5
  • 114
    • 0023950494 scopus 로고
    • Effect of internal carotid artery occlusion on intracranial hemodynamics. Transcranial Doppler evaluation and clinical correlation
    • Schneider PA, Rossman ME, Bernstein EF, Torem S, Ringelstein EB, Otis SM. Effect of internal carotid artery occlusion on intracranial hemodynamics. Transcranial Doppler evaluation and clinical correlation. Stroke 1988; 19: 589-93.
    • (1988) Stroke , vol.19 , pp. 589-593
    • Schneider, P.A.1    Rossman, M.E.2    Bernstein, E.F.3    Torem, S.4    Ringelstein, E.B.5    Otis, S.M.6
  • 115
    • 0025319167 scopus 로고
    • Transcranial Doppler ultrasound as a guide to graded therapeutic occlusion of the carotid artery
    • Giller CA, Steig P, Batjer HH, Samson D, Purdy P. Transcranial Doppler ultrasound as a guide to graded therapeutic occlusion of the carotid artery. Neurosurgery 1990; 26: 307-11.
    • (1990) Neurosurgery , vol.26 , pp. 307-311
    • Giller, C.A.1    Steig, P.2    Batjer, H.H.3    Samson, D.4    Purdy, P.5
  • 117
    • 0026609215 scopus 로고
    • Ultrasonic evaluation of the site of carotid axis occlusion in patients with acute cardioembolic stroke
    • Yasaka M, Omae T, Tsuchiya T, Yamaguchi T. Ultrasonic evaluation of the site of carotid axis occlusion in patients with acute cardioembolic stroke. Stroke 1992; 23: 420-2.
    • (1992) Stroke , vol.23 , pp. 420-422
    • Yasaka, M.1    Omae, T.2    Tsuchiya, T.3    Yamaguchi, T.4
  • 118
    • 0026882751 scopus 로고
    • Comparison between carotid duplex sonography and angiography in the diagnosis of extracranial internal carotid artery occlusion
    • Lee TH, Ryu SJ, Chen ST, Tseng KJ. Comparison between carotid duplex sonography and angiography in the diagnosis of extracranial internal carotid artery occlusion. J Formos Med Assoc 1992; 91: 575-9.
    • (1992) J Formos Med Assoc , vol.91 , pp. 575-579
    • Lee, T.H.1    Ryu, S.J.2    Chen, S.T.3    Tseng, K.J.4
  • 119
    • 0027674370 scopus 로고
    • Color-coded duplex ultrasound in pre-occlusive stenoses of the internal carotid artery
    • in German
    • Hetzel A, Eckenweber B, Trummer B, Wernz M, von Reutern GM. Color-coded duplex ultrasound in pre-occlusive stenoses of the internal carotid artery. Ultraschall Med 1993; 14 (5): 240-6 [in German].
    • (1993) Ultraschall Med , vol.14 , Issue.5 , pp. 240-246
    • Hetzel, A.1    Eckenweber, B.2    Trummer, B.3    Wernz, M.4    von Reutern, G.M.5
  • 120
    • 0028878788 scopus 로고
    • Transcranial Doppler ultrasound in the evaluation of collateral blood flow in patients with internal carotid artery occlusion: correlation with cerebral angiography
    • Muller M, Hermes M, Bruckmann H, Schimrigk K. Transcranial Doppler ultrasound in the evaluation of collateral blood flow in patients with internal carotid artery occlusion: correlation with cerebral angiography. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1995; 16: 195-202.
    • (1995) AJNR Am J Neuroradiol , vol.16 , pp. 195-202
    • Muller, M.1    Hermes, M.2    Bruckmann, H.3    Schimrigk, K.4
  • 121
    • 0030867992 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The reliability of color duplex ultrasound in diagnosing total carotid artery occlusion
    • AbuRahma AF, Pollack JA, Robinson PA, Mullins D. The reliability of color duplex ultrasound in diagnosing total carotid artery occlusion. Am J Surg 1997; 174: 185-7.
    • (1997) Am J Surg , vol.174 , pp. 185-187
    • AbuRahma, A.F.1    Pollack, J.A.2    Robinson, P.A.3    Mullins, D.4
  • 122
    • 0027183452 scopus 로고
    • Carotid ultrasonographic findings in intracranial internal carotid artery occlusion
    • Lee TH, Ryu SJ, Chen ST, Chan JL. Carotid ultrasonographic findings in intracranial internal carotid artery occlusion. Angiology 1993; 44: 607-13.
    • (1993) Angiology , vol.44 , pp. 607-613
    • Lee, T.H.1    Ryu, S.J.2    Chen, S.T.3    Chan, J.L.4
  • 123
    • 0031231005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Duplex carotid sonography in distinguishing acute unilateral atherothrombotic from cardioembolic carotid artery occlusion
    • Kimura K, Yonemura K, Terasaki T, Hashimoto Y, Uchino M. Duplex carotid sonography in distinguishing acute unilateral atherothrombotic from cardioembolic carotid artery occlusion. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1997; 18 (8): 1447-52.
    • (1997) AJNR Am J Neuroradiol , vol.18 , Issue.8 , pp. 1447-1452
    • Kimura, K.1    Yonemura, K.2    Terasaki, T.3    Hashimoto, Y.4    Uchino, M.5
  • 124
    • 0030943625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Source of cerebral microembolic signals in occlusion of the internal carotid artery
    • Delcker A, Diener HC, Wilhelm H. Source of cerebral microembolic signals in occlusion of the internal carotid artery. J Neurol 1997; 244 (5): 312-7.
    • (1997) J Neurol , vol.244 , Issue.5 , pp. 312-317
    • Delcker, A.1    Diener, H.C.2    Wilhelm, H.3
  • 125
    • 0032191935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oscillating thromboemboli within the extracranial internal carotid artery demonstrated by ultrasonography in patients with acute cardioembolic stroke
    • Kimura K, Yasaka M, Minematsu K, Wada K, Uchino M, Yonemura K, Ogata J, Yamaguchi T. Oscillating thromboemboli within the extracranial internal carotid artery demonstrated by ultrasonography in patients with acute cardioembolic stroke. Ultrasound Med Biol 1998; 24 (8): 1121-4.
    • (1998) Ultrasound Med Biol , vol.24 , Issue.8 , pp. 1121-1124
    • Kimura, K.1    Yasaka, M.2    Minematsu, K.3    Wada, K.4    Uchino, M.5    Yonemura, K.6    Ogata, J.7    Yamaguchi, T.8
  • 126
    • 0034492829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Floating thrombus in the carotid
    • in French
    • Eudo M, de Bray JM. Floating thrombus in the carotid. J Radiol 2000; 81: 1713-4 [in French].
    • (2000) J Radiol , vol.81 , pp. 1713-1714
    • Eudo, M.1    de Bray, J.M.2
  • 128
    • 0024400476 scopus 로고
    • Highresistance Doppler flow pattern in extracranial carotid dissection
    • Hennerici M, Steinke W, Rautenberg W. Highresistance Doppler flow pattern in extracranial carotid dissection. Arch Neurol 1989; 46 (6): 670-2.
    • (1989) Arch Neurol , vol.46 , Issue.6 , pp. 670-672
    • Hennerici, M.1    Steinke, W.2    Rautenberg, W.3
  • 129
    • 0025269065 scopus 로고
    • Intracranial haemodynamics in patients with spontaneous carotid dissection. Transcranial Doppler ultrasound follow-up studies
    • Kaps M, Dorndorf W, Damian MS, Agnoli L. Intracranial haemodynamics in patients with spontaneous carotid dissection. Transcranial Doppler ultrasound follow-up studies. Eur Arch Psychiatry Neurol Sci 1990; 239 (4):246-56.
    • (1990) Eur Arch Psychiatry Neurol Sci , vol.239 , Issue.4 , pp. 246-256
    • Kaps, M.1    Dorndorf, W.2    Damian, M.S.3    Agnoli, L.4
  • 130
    • 0025200941 scopus 로고
    • Doppler color flow imaging of common carotid artery dissection
    • Steinke W, Schwartz A, Hennerici M. Doppler color flow imaging of common carotid artery dissection. Neuroradiology 1990; 32 (6): 502-5.
    • (1990) Neuroradiology , vol.32 , Issue.6 , pp. 502-505
    • Steinke, W.1    Schwartz, A.2    Hennerici, M.3
  • 131
    • 0025941426 scopus 로고
    • Ultrasound findings in spontaneous carotid artery dissection. The value of duplex sonography
    • Sturzenegger M. Ultrasound findings in spontaneous carotid artery dissection. The value of duplex sonography. Arch Neurol 1991; 48 (10): 1057-63.
    • (1991) Arch Neurol , vol.48 , Issue.10 , pp. 1057-1063
    • Sturzenegger, M.1
  • 132
    • 0028500876 scopus 로고
    • Ultrasonic features of extracranial carotid dissections:47 cases studied by angiography
    • de Bray JM, Lhoste P, Dubas F, Emile J, Saumet JL. Ultrasonic features of extracranial carotid dissections:47 cases studied by angiography. J Ultrasound Med 1994; 13 (9): 659-64.
    • (1994) J Ultrasound Med , vol.13 , Issue.9 , pp. 659-664
    • de Bray, J.M.1    Lhoste, P.2    Dubas, F.3    Emile, J.4    Saumet, J.L.5
  • 133
    • 0028294888 scopus 로고
    • Noninvasive monitoring of internal carotid artery dissection
    • Steinke W, Rautenberg W, Schwartz A, Hennerici M. Noninvasive monitoring of internal carotid artery dissection. Stroke 1994; 25 (5): 998-1005.
    • (1994) Stroke , vol.25 , Issue.5 , pp. 998-1005
    • Steinke, W.1    Rautenberg, W.2    Schwartz, A.3    Hennerici, M.4
  • 134
    • 0029561292 scopus 로고
    • Dissection of the internal carotid artery: aetiology, symptomatology, clinical and neurosonological follow-up, and treatment in 60 consecutive cases
    • Desfontaines P, Despland PA. Dissection of the internal carotid artery: aetiology, symptomatology, clinical and neurosonological follow-up, and treatment in 60 consecutive cases. Acta Neurol Belg 1995; 95 (4): 226-34.
    • (1995) Acta Neurol Belg , vol.95 , Issue.4 , pp. 226-234
    • Desfontaines, P.1    Despland, P.A.2
  • 135
    • 0028918988 scopus 로고
    • Ultrasound findings in carotid artery dissection: analysis of 43 patients
    • Sturzenegger M, Mattle HP, Rivoir A, Baumgartner RW. Ultrasound findings in carotid artery dissection: analysis of 43 patients. Neurology 1995; 45 (4): 691-8.
    • (1995) Neurology , vol.45 , Issue.4 , pp. 691-698
    • Sturzenegger, M.1    Mattle, H.P.2    Rivoir, A.3    Baumgartner, R.W.4
  • 136
    • 0030561005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebral microembolism and extracranial internal carotid artery dissection
    • Babikian VL, Forteza AM, Gavrilescu T, Samaraweera R. Cerebral microembolism and extracranial internal carotid artery dissection. J Ultrasound Med 1996; 15 (12): 863-6.
    • (1996) J Ultrasound Med , vol.15 , Issue.12 , pp. 863-866
    • Babikian, V.L.1    Forteza, A.M.2    Gavrilescu, T.3    Samaraweera, R.4
  • 137
    • 0029934382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transcranial Doppler in the evaluation of internal carotid artery dissection
    • Srinivasan J, Newell DW, Sturzenegger M, Mayberg MR, Winn HR. Transcranial Doppler in the evaluation of internal carotid artery dissection. Stroke 1996; 27 (7): 1226-30.
    • (1996) Stroke , vol.27 , Issue.7 , pp. 1226-1230
    • Srinivasan, J.1    Newell, D.W.2    Sturzenegger, M.3    Mayberg, M.R.4    Winn, H.R.5
  • 138
    • 0029784705 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recurrence of cervical artery dissection. A prospective study of 81 patients
    • Bassetti C, Carruzzo A, Sturzenegger M, Tuncdogan E. Recurrence of cervical artery dissection. A prospective study of 81 patients. Stroke 1996; 27 (10): 1804-7.
    • (1996) Stroke , vol.27 , Issue.10 , pp. 1804-1807
    • Bassetti, C.1    Carruzzo, A.2    Sturzenegger, M.3    Tuncdogan, E.4
  • 139
    • 0030798254 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microemboli on transcranial Doppler in patients with spontaneous carotid artery dissection
    • Koennecke HC, Trocio SH Jr, Mast H, Mohr JP. Microemboli on transcranial Doppler in patients with spontaneous carotid artery dissection. J Neuroimaging 1997; 7 (4): 217-20.
    • (1997) J Neuroimaging , vol.7 , Issue.4 , pp. 217-220
    • Koennecke, H.C.1    Trocio, S.H.2    Mast, H.3    Mohr, J.P.4
  • 140
    • 0031449458 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stroke in children under 16 years of age. Clinical and etiological difference with adults
    • Giroud M, Lemesle M, Madinier G, Manceau E, Osseby GV, Dumas R. Stroke in children under 16 years of age. Clinical and etiological difference with adults. Acta Neurol Scand 1997; 96 (6): 401-6.
    • (1997) Acta Neurol Scand , vol.96 , Issue.6 , pp. 401-406
    • Giroud, M.1    Lemesle, M.2    Madinier, G.3    Manceau, E.4    Osseby, G.V.5    Dumas, R.6
  • 141
    • 0033029197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carotid and vertebral artery injury following severe head or cervical spine trauma
    • Rommel O, Niedeggen A, Tegenthoff M, Kiwitt P, Botel U, Malin J. Carotid and vertebral artery injury following severe head or cervical spine trauma. Cerebrovasc Dis 1999; 9 (4): 202-9.
    • (1999) Cerebrovasc Dis , vol.9 , Issue.4 , pp. 202-209
    • Rommel, O.1    Niedeggen, A.2    Tegenthoff, M.3    Kiwitt, P.4    Botel, U.5    Malin, J.6
  • 142
    • 0034090837 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Moyamoya disease mimicking a spontaneous internal carotid artery dissection on Doppler ultrasound
    • Sidhu PS, Chauduri KR, Khaw KT. Moyamoya disease mimicking a spontaneous internal carotid artery dissection on Doppler ultrasound. Eur Radiol 2000; 10 (1):149-53.
    • (2000) Eur Radiol , vol.10 , Issue.1 , pp. 149-153
    • Sidhu, P.S.1    Chauduri, K.R.2    Khaw, K.T.3
  • 144
    • 0021365913 scopus 로고
    • Spontaneous cervical cephalic arterial dissection and its residuum: angiographic spectrum
    • Houser OW, Mokri B, Sundt TM Jr, Baker HL Jr, Reese DF. Spontaneous cervical cephalic arterial dissection and its residuum: angiographic spectrum. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1984; 5 (1): 27-34.
    • (1984) AJNR Am J Neuroradiol , vol.5 , Issue.1 , pp. 27-34
    • Houser, O.W.1    Mokri, B.2    Sundt, T.M.3    Baker, H.L.4    Reese, D.F.5
  • 145
    • 0022636015 scopus 로고
    • Spontaneous dissection of the cervical internal carotid artery
    • Mokri B, Sundt TM Jr, Houser OW, Piepgras DG. Spontaneous dissection of the cervical internal carotid artery. Ann Neurol 1986; 19 (2): 126-38.
    • (1986) Ann Neurol , vol.19 , Issue.2 , pp. 126-138
    • Mokri, B.1    Sundt, T.M.2    Houser, O.W.3    Piepgras, D.G.4
  • 147
    • 18044368639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spontaneous dissection of the carotid and vertebral arteries
    • Beletsky V, Norris JW. Spontaneous dissection of the carotid and vertebral arteries. N Engl J Med 2001; 345 (6): 467.
    • (2001) N Engl J Med , vol.345 , Issue.6 , pp. 467
    • Beletsky, V.1    Norris, J.W.2
  • 148
    • 0018833692 scopus 로고
    • Spontaneous bilateral recanalization in bilateral internal carotid artery occlusion
    • Markwalder TM, Starrett RW, Mumenthaler M. Spontaneous bilateral recanalization in bilateral internal carotid artery occlusion. Stroke 1980; 11 (1):95-8.
    • (1980) Stroke , vol.11 , Issue.1 , pp. 95-98
    • Markwalder, T.M.1    Starrett, R.W.2    Mumenthaler, M.3
  • 149
    • 0021678997 scopus 로고
    • Spontaneous dissecting aneurysms of the internal carotid artery. Prospective evaluation of the prognosis and arterial repermeation in 14 cases
    • in French
    • Bogousslavsky J, Regli F, Despland PA. Spontaneous dissecting aneurysms of the internal carotid artery. Prospective evaluation of the prognosis and arterial repermeation in 14 cases. Rev Neurol (Paris) 1984; 140 (11): 625-36 [in French].
    • (1984) Rev Neurol (Paris) , vol.140 , Issue.11 , pp. 625-636
    • Bogousslavsky, J.1    Regli, F.2    Despland, P.A.3
  • 150
    • 0030691021 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnetic resonance angiography demonstrates vascular healing of carotid and vertebral artery dissections
    • Kasner SE, Hankins LL, Bratina P, Morgenstern LB. Magnetic resonance angiography demonstrates vascular healing of carotid and vertebral artery dissections. Stroke 1997; 28 (10): 1993-7.
    • (1997) Stroke , vol.28 , Issue.10 , pp. 1993-1997
    • Kasner, S.E.1    Hankins, L.L.2    Bratina, P.3    Morgenstern, L.B.4
  • 151
    • 0033724744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term follow-up after extracranial internal carotid artery dissection
    • Engelter ST, Lyrer PA, Kirsch EC, Steck AJ. Long-term follow-up after extracranial internal carotid artery dissection. Eur Neurol 2000; 44 (4): 199-204.
    • (2000) Eur Neurol , vol.44 , Issue.4 , pp. 199-204
    • Engelter, S.T.1    Lyrer, P.A.2    Kirsch, E.C.3    Steck, A.J.4
  • 152
    • 0020592331 scopus 로고
    • Angiologic and prognostic evaluation of brain stem injuries. Clinical, Doppler-sonographic and neuroradiological findings
    • in German
    • Ringelstein EB, Zeumer H, Hundgen R, Meya U. Angiologic and prognostic evaluation of brain stem injuries. Clinical, Doppler-sonographic and neuroradiological findings. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 1983; 108 (43):1625-31 [in German].
    • (1983) Dtsch Med Wochenschr , vol.108 , Issue.43 , pp. 1625-1631
    • Ringelstein, E.B.1    Zeumer, H.2    Hundgen, R.3    Meya, U.4
  • 153
    • 0023029670 scopus 로고
    • A prospective comparison of duplex sonography vs angiography of the vertebral arteries
    • Davis PC, Nilsen B, Braun IF, Hoffman JC Jr. A prospective comparison of duplex sonography vs angiography of the vertebral arteries. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1986; 7 (6): 1059-64.
    • (1986) AJNR Am J Neuroradiol , vol.7 , Issue.6 , pp. 1059-1064
    • Davis, P.C.1    Nilsen, B.2    Braun, I.F.3    Hoffman, J.C.4
  • 155
    • 0023832264 scopus 로고
    • Duplex scanning in extracranial vertebral artery dissection
    • Touboul PJ, Mas JL, Bousser MG, Laplane D. Duplex scanning in extracranial vertebral artery dissection. Stroke 1988; 19 (1): 116-21.
    • (1988) Stroke , vol.19 , Issue.1 , pp. 116-121
    • Touboul, P.J.1    Mas, J.L.2    Bousser, M.G.3    Laplane, D.4
  • 156
    • 0024408639 scopus 로고
    • Transcranial Doppler ultrasonic examination in vertebro-basilar circulatory pathology
    • in French
    • De Bray JM, Blard JM, Tachot C, Ledemeney M, Davinroy M. Transcranial Doppler ultrasonic examination in vertebro-basilar circulatory pathology. Mal Vasc 1989; 14 (3): 202-5 [in French].
    • (1989) Mal Vasc , vol.14 , Issue.3 , pp. 202-205
    • De Bray, J.M.1    Blard, J.M.2    Tachot, C.3    Ledemeney, M.4    Davinroy, M.5
  • 157
    • 0025837092 scopus 로고
    • The value of color duplex for sonography of the vertebral artery
    • in German
    • Delcker A, Diener HC. The value of color duplex for sonography of the vertebral artery. Vasa Suppl 1991; 33:204-5 [in German].
    • (1991) Vasa Suppl , vol.33 , pp. 204-205
    • Delcker, A.1    Diener, H.C.2
  • 158
    • 0025857638 scopus 로고
    • Duplex sonography of the vertebral arteries. 2. Clinical application
    • in German
    • Bartels E. Duplex sonography of the vertebral arteries. 2. Clinical application. Ultraschall Med 1991; 12 (2): 63-9 [in German].
    • (1991) Ultraschall Med , vol.12 , Issue.2 , pp. 63-69
    • Bartels, E.1
  • 161
    • 0026608389 scopus 로고
    • Duplex ultrasonography of vertebral arteries: examination, technique, normal values, and clinical applications
    • Bartels E, Fuchs HH, Flugel KA. Duplex ultrasonography of vertebral arteries: examination, technique, normal values, and clinical applications. Angiology 1992; 43 (3 Part 1): 169-80.
    • (1992) Angiology , vol.43 , Issue.3 PART. 1 , pp. 169-180
    • Bartels, E.1    Fuchs, H.H.2    Flugel, K.A.3
  • 162
    • 0027412912 scopus 로고
    • The role of vertebral and internal carotid artery disease in the pathogenesis of vertebrobasilar transient ischemic attacks
    • Delcker A, Diener HC, Timmann D, Faustmann P. The role of vertebral and internal carotid artery disease in the pathogenesis of vertebrobasilar transient ischemic attacks. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 1993; 242 (4): 179-83.
    • (1993) Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci , vol.242 , Issue.4 , pp. 179-183
    • Delcker, A.1    Diener, H.C.2    Timmann, D.3    Faustmann, P.4
  • 163
    • 0027432907 scopus 로고
    • Ultrasound findings in spontaneous extracranial vertebral artery dissection
    • Sturzenegger M, Mattle HP, Rivoir A, Rihs F, Schmid C. Ultrasound findings in spontaneous extracranial vertebral artery dissection. Stroke 1993; 24 (12): 1910-21.
    • (1993) Stroke , vol.24 , Issue.12 , pp. 1910-1921
    • Sturzenegger, M.1    Mattle, H.P.2    Rivoir, A.3    Rihs, F.4    Schmid, C.5
  • 164
    • 0030064668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of extracranial vertebral artery dissection with duplex color-flow imaging
    • Bartels E, Flugel KA. Evaluation of extracranial vertebral artery dissection with duplex color-flow imaging. Stroke 1996; 27 (2): 290-5.
    • (1996) Stroke , vol.27 , Issue.2 , pp. 290-295
    • Bartels, E.1    Flugel, K.A.2
  • 165
    • 0031103863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of vertebrobasilar intracranial stenoses: transcranial Doppler sonography versus angiography
    • de Bray JM, Missoum A, Dubas F, Emile J, Lhoste P. Detection of vertebrobasilar intracranial stenoses: transcranial Doppler sonography versus angiography. J Ultrasound Med 1997; 16 (3): 213-8.
    • (1997) J Ultrasound Med , vol.16 , Issue.3 , pp. 213-218
    • de Bray, J.M.1    Missoum, A.2    Dubas, F.3    Emile, J.4    Lhoste, P.5
  • 166
  • 171
    • 0035139964 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of internal carotid artery occlusion on vertebral artery blood flow: a duplex ultrasonographic evaluation
    • Nicolau C, Gilabert R, Garcia A, Blasco J, Chamorro A, Bru C. Effect of internal carotid artery occlusion on vertebral artery blood flow: a duplex ultrasonographic evaluation. Ultrasound Med 2001; 20 (2): 105-11.
    • (2001) Ultrasound Med , vol.20 , Issue.2 , pp. 105-111
    • Nicolau, C.1    Gilabert, R.2    Garcia, A.3    Blasco, J.4    Chamorro, A.5    Bru, C.6
  • 172
    • 0031830912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypoplasia, stenosis and other alterations of the vertebral artery: does impaired blood rheology manifest a hidden disease?
    • Oder B, Oder W, Lang W, Marschnigg E, Deecke L. Hypoplasia, stenosis and other alterations of the vertebral artery: does impaired blood rheology manifest a hidden disease? Acta Neurol Scand 1998; 97 (6):398-403.
    • (1998) Acta Neurol Scand , vol.97 , Issue.6 , pp. 398-403
    • Oder, B.1    Oder, W.2    Lang, W.3    Marschnigg, E.4    Deecke, L.5
  • 173
    • 0019480160 scopus 로고
    • Disabling segmental occlusion of the vertebral artery. Surgical treatment using a venous bypass from the external carotid to the C1-C2 portion of the vertebral artery (2 cases)
    • in French
    • Besson G, Vallee B, Mimassi N, Person H, Garre H. Disabling segmental occlusion of the vertebral artery. Surgical treatment using a venous bypass from the external carotid to the C1-C2 portion of the vertebral artery (2 cases). Neurochirurgie 1981; 27 (1): 59-64 [in French].
    • (1981) Neurochirurgie , vol.27 , Issue.1 , pp. 59-64
    • Besson, G.1    Vallee, B.2    Mimassi, N.3    Person, H.4    Garre, H.5
  • 176
    • 0025188160 scopus 로고
    • Noninvasive detection of occlusive disease of the carotid siphon and middle cerebral artery
    • Ley-Pozo J, Ringelstein EB. Noninvasive detection of occlusive disease of the carotid siphon and middle cerebral artery. Ann Neurol 1990; 28: 640-7.
    • (1990) Ann Neurol , vol.28 , pp. 640-647
    • Ley-Pozo, J.1    Ringelstein, E.B.2
  • 178
    • 0000155972 scopus 로고
    • Middle cerebral artery stenoses: assessment by magnetic resonance angiography and transcranial Doppler ultrasound
    • Rother J, Schwartz A, Rautenberg W, Hennerici M. Middle cerebral artery stenoses: assessment by magnetic resonance angiography and transcranial Doppler ultrasound. Cerebrovasc Dis 1994; 4: 273-9.
    • (1994) Cerebrovasc Dis , vol.4 , pp. 273-279
    • Rother, J.1    Schwartz, A.2    Rautenberg, W.3    Hennerici, M.4
  • 179
    • 0028206121 scopus 로고
    • Intracranial blood flow velocities in acute ischemic stroke
    • Alexandrov AV, Bladin CF, Norris JW. Intracranial blood flow velocities in acute ischemic stroke. Stroke 1994; 25: 1378-83.
    • (1994) Stroke , vol.25 , pp. 1378-1383
    • Alexandrov, A.V.1    Bladin, C.F.2    Norris, J.W.3
  • 180
    • 0036163385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progression of middle cerebral artery occlusive disease and its relationship with further vascular events after stroke
    • Wong KS, Li H, Lam WW, Chan YL, Kay R. Progression of middle cerebral artery occlusive disease and its relationship with further vascular events after stroke. Stroke 2002; 33 (2): 532-6.
    • (2002) Stroke , vol.33 , Issue.2 , pp. 532-536
    • Wong, K.S.1    Li, H.2    Lam, W.W.3    Chan, Y.L.4    Kay, R.5
  • 182
    • 0035207973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Progression and clinical recurrence of symptomatic middle cerebral artery stenosis: a long-term follow-up transcranial Doppler ultrasound study
    • Arenillas JF, Molina CA, Montaner J, Abilleira S, Gonzalez-Sanchez MA, Alvarez-Sabin J. Progression and clinical recurrence of symptomatic middle cerebral artery stenosis: a long-term follow-up transcranial Doppler ultrasound study. Stroke 2001; 32 (12): 2898-904.
    • (2001) Stroke , vol.32 , Issue.12 , pp. 2898-2904
    • Arenillas, J.F.1    Molina, C.A.2    Montaner, J.3    Abilleira, S.4    Gonzalez-Sanchez, M.A.5    Alvarez-Sabin, J.6
  • 183
    • 0036140744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Screening for intracranial stenosis with transcranial Doppler: the accuracy of mean flow velocity thresholds
    • Felberg RA, Christou I, Demchuk AM, Malkoff M, Alexandrov AV. Screening for intracranial stenosis with transcranial Doppler: the accuracy of mean flow velocity thresholds. J Neuroimaging 2002; 12 (1): 9-14.
    • (2002) J Neuroimaging , vol.12 , Issue.1 , pp. 9-14
    • Felberg, R.A.1    Christou, I.2    Demchuk, A.M.3    Malkoff, M.4    Alexandrov, A.V.5
  • 184
    • 0023905938 scopus 로고
    • Transcranial Doppler sonographic findings in middle cerebral artery disease
    • Mattle H, Grolimund P, Huber P, Sturzenegger M, Zurbrugg HR. Transcranial Doppler sonographic findings in middle cerebral artery disease. Arch Neurol 1988; 45 (3): 289-95.
    • (1988) Arch Neurol , vol.45 , Issue.3 , pp. 289-295
    • Mattle, H.1    Grolimund, P.2    Huber, P.3    Sturzenegger, M.4    Zurbrugg, H.R.5
  • 185
    • 0024819528 scopus 로고
    • Anterior cerebral artery velocity changes in disease of the middle cerebral artery stem
    • Brass LM, Duterte DL, Mohr JP. Anterior cerebral artery velocity changes in disease of the middle cerebral artery stem. Stroke 1989; 20 (12): 1737-40.
    • (1989) Stroke , vol.20 , Issue.12 , pp. 1737-1740
    • Brass, L.M.1    Duterte, D.L.2    Mohr, J.P.3
  • 186
    • 0029002612 scopus 로고
    • Validation of transcranial Doppler ultrasound with a stereotactic neurosurgical technique
    • Monsein LH, Razumovsky AY, Ackerman SJ, Nauta HJ, Hanley DF. Validation of transcranial Doppler ultrasound with a stereotactic neurosurgical technique. J Neurosurg 1995; 82 (6): 972-5.
    • (1995) J Neurosurg , vol.82 , Issue.6 , pp. 972-975
    • Monsein, L.H.1    Razumovsky, A.Y.2    Ackerman, S.J.3    Nauta, H.J.4    Hanley, D.F.5
  • 189
    • 0026558470 scopus 로고
    • The use of transcranial ultrasonography to predict stroke in sickle cell disease
    • Adams RJ, McKie V, Nichols F et al. The use of transcranial ultrasonography to predict stroke in sickle cell disease. N Engl J Med 1992; 326: 605-10.
    • (1992) N Engl J Med , vol.326 , pp. 605-610
    • Adams, R.J.1    McKie, V.2    Nichols, F.3
  • 190
    • 0032776054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Yield of transcranial Doppler in acute cerebral ischemia
    • Alexandrov AV, Demchuk AM, Wein TH, Grotta JC. Yield of transcranial Doppler in acute cerebral ischemia. Stroke 1999; 30 (8): 1604-9.
    • (1999) Stroke , vol.30 , Issue.8 , pp. 1604-1609
    • Alexandrov, A.V.1    Demchuk, A.M.2    Wein, T.H.3    Grotta, J.C.4
  • 191
    • 0033964516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intracranial clot dissolution is associated with embolic signals on transcranial Doppler
    • Alexandrov AV, Demchuk AM, Felberg RA, Grotta JC, Krieger DW. Intracranial clot dissolution is associated with embolic signals on transcranial Doppler. J Neuroimaging 2000; 10 (1): 27-32.
    • (2000) J Neuroimaging , vol.10 , Issue.1 , pp. 27-32
    • Alexandrov, A.V.1    Demchuk, A.M.2    Felberg, R.A.3    Grotta, J.C.4    Krieger, D.W.5
  • 192
    • 0023268462 scopus 로고
    • Transcranial Doppler ultrasound for the assessment of intracranial arterial flow velocityaPart 2. Evaluation of intracranial arterial disease
    • Hennerici M, Rautenberg W, Schwartz A. Transcranial Doppler ultrasound for the assessment of intracranial arterial flow velocityaPart 2. Evaluation of intracranial arterial disease. Surg Neurol 1987; 27 (6): 523-32.
    • (1987) Surg Neurol , vol.27 , Issue.6 , pp. 523-532
    • Hennerici, M.1    Rautenberg, W.2    Schwartz, A.3
  • 193
    • 0033958289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Specific transcranial Doppler flow findings related to the presence and site of arterial occlusion with transcranial Doppler
    • Demchuk AM, Christou I, Wein TH, Felberg RA, Malkoff M, Grotta JC, Alexandrov AV. Specific transcranial Doppler flow findings related to the presence and site of arterial occlusion with transcranial Doppler. Stroke 2000; 31: 140-6.
    • (2000) Stroke , vol.31 , pp. 140-146
    • Demchuk, A.M.1    Christou, I.2    Wein, T.H.3    Felberg, R.A.4    Malkoff, M.5    Grotta, J.C.6    Alexandrov, A.V.7
  • 194
    • 0030678090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of infarction in the superficial posterior cerebral artery territory
    • Steinke W, Mangold J, Schwartz A, Hennerici M. Mechanisms of infarction in the superficial posterior cerebral artery territory. J Neurol 1997; 244 (9): 571-8.
    • (1997) J Neurol , vol.244 , Issue.9 , pp. 571-578
    • Steinke, W.1    Mangold, J.2    Schwartz, A.3    Hennerici, M.4
  • 195
    • 0034017747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of posterior cerebral artery flow velocity by transcranial color-coded real-time sonography
    • Kimura K, Minematsu K, Yasaka M, Wada K, Yamaguchi T. Evaluation of posterior cerebral artery flow velocity by transcranial color-coded real-time sonography. Ultrasound Med Biol 2000; 26 (2): 195-9.
    • (2000) Ultrasound Med Biol , vol.26 , Issue.2 , pp. 195-199
    • Kimura, K.1    Minematsu, K.2    Yasaka, M.3    Wada, K.4    Yamaguchi, T.5
  • 196
    • 0022258292 scopus 로고
    • Ultrasonic diagnosis of the vertebrobasilar system. II. Transnuchal diagnosis of intracranial vertebrobasilar stenoses using a novel pulsed Doppler system
    • in German
    • Ringelstein EB. Ultrasonic diagnosis of the vertebrobasilar system. II. Transnuchal diagnosis of intracranial vertebrobasilar stenoses using a novel pulsed Doppler system. Ultraschall Med 1985; 6 (2): 60-7 [in German].
    • (1985) Ultraschall Med , vol.6 , Issue.2 , pp. 60-67
    • Ringelstein, E.B.1
  • 197
    • 0023322834 scopus 로고
    • Identification of the basilar artery with transcranial Doppler sonography
    • in German
    • Budingen HJ, Staudacher T. Identification of the basilar artery with transcranial Doppler sonography. Ultraschall Med 1987; 8 (2): 95-101 [in German].
    • (1987) Ultraschall Med , vol.8 , Issue.2 , pp. 95-101
    • Budingen, H.J.1    Staudacher, T.2
  • 198
    • 0023776454 scopus 로고
    • Transcranial Dopplersonography of the vertebro-basilar system
    • Volc D, Possnigg G, Grisold W, Neuhold A. Transcranial Dopplersonography of the vertebro-basilar system. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 1988; 90 (3-4): 136-8.
    • (1988) Acta Neurochir (Wien) , vol.90 , Issue.3-4 , pp. 136-138
    • Volc, D.1    Possnigg, G.2    Grisold, W.3    Neuhold, A.4
  • 199
    • 4944226304 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic criteria for transcranial Doppler sonography: a model for quality assurance and laboratory accreditation
    • Alexandrov AV, Tegeler CH. Diagnostic criteria for transcranial Doppler sonography: a model for quality assurance and laboratory accreditation. Vasc Ultrasound Today 1999; 4: 1-24.
    • (1999) Vasc Ultrasound Today , vol.4 , pp. 1-24
    • Alexandrov, A.V.1    Tegeler, C.H.2
  • 201
    • 77949869596 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Powerbased versus conventional transcranial color-coded duplex sonography in the assessment of the vertebrobasilarposterior system
    • Postert T, Federlein J, Przuntek H, Büttner T. Powerbased versus conventional transcranial color-coded duplex sonography in the assessment of the vertebrobasilarposterior system. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 1997; 6:398-404.
    • (1997) J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis , vol.6 , pp. 398-404
    • Postert, T.1    Federlein, J.2    Przuntek, H.3    Büttner, T.4
  • 202
    • 0032589710 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of ≥?50% and ??50% intracranial stenoses by transcranial color-coded duplex sonography
    • Baumgartner RW, Mattle HP, Schroth G. Assessment of ≥?50% and ??50% intracranial stenoses by transcranial color-coded duplex sonography. Stroke 1999; 30 (1):87-92.
    • (1999) Stroke , vol.30 , Issue.1 , pp. 87-92
    • Baumgartner, R.W.1    Mattle, H.P.2    Schroth, G.3
  • 204
    • 0009350690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transcranial Doppler monitoring of vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage
    • Tegeler CH, Babikian VL, Gomez CR, St Louis:Mosby
    • Sloan MA. Transcranial Doppler monitoring of vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage. In: Tegeler CH, Babikian VL, Gomez CR. Neurosonology. St Louis:Mosby, 1996: 156-71.
    • (1996) Neurosonology , pp. 156-171
    • Sloan, M.A.1
  • 205
    • 0023706485 scopus 로고
    • Cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid haemorrhage investigated by means of transcranial Doppler ultrasound
    • P81-4
    • Lindegaard KF, Nornes H, Bakke SJ, Sorteberg W, Nakstad P. Cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid haemorrhage investigated by means of transcranial Doppler ultrasound. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 1988; 42 (Suppl.): P81-4.
    • (1988) Acta Neurochir (Wien) , vol.42
    • Lindegaard, K.F.1    Nornes, H.2    Bakke, S.J.3    Sorteberg, W.4    Nakstad, P.5
  • 206
    • 0025179207 scopus 로고
    • Distribution of angiographic vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage: implications for diagnosis by transcranial Doppler ultrasonography
    • Newell DW, Grady MS, Eskridge JM, Winn HR. Distribution of angiographic vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage: implications for diagnosis by transcranial Doppler ultrasonography. Neurosurgery 1990; 27: 574-7.
    • (1990) Neurosurgery , vol.27 , pp. 574-577
    • Newell, D.W.1    Grady, M.S.2    Eskridge, J.M.3    Winn, H.R.4
  • 207
    • 0023176053 scopus 로고
    • Clinical vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage: response to hypervolemic hemodilution and arterial hypertension
    • Awad IA, Carter LP, Spetzler RF, Medina M, Williams FC. Clinical vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage: response to hypervolemic hemodilution and arterial hypertension. Stroke 1987; 18: 365-72.
    • (1987) Stroke , vol.18 , pp. 365-372
    • Awad, I.A.1    Carter, L.P.2    Spetzler, R.F.3    Medina, M.4    Williams, F.C.5
  • 208
    • 0024546198 scopus 로고
    • Validity of cerebral arterial blood flow calculations from velocity measurements
    • Kontos HA. Validity of cerebral arterial blood flow calculations from velocity measurements. Stroke 1989; 20: 1-3.
    • (1989) Stroke , vol.20 , pp. 1-3
    • Kontos, H.A.1
  • 209
    • 0028218789 scopus 로고
    • Serial transcranial Doppler flow velocity and cerebral blood flow measurements for evaluation of cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage
    • Mizuno M, Nakajima S, Sampei T, Nishimura H, Hadeishi H, Suzuki A, Yasui N, Nathal-Vera E. Serial transcranial Doppler flow velocity and cerebral blood flow measurements for evaluation of cerebral vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 1994; 34 (3): 164-71.
    • (1994) Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) , vol.34 , Issue.3 , pp. 164-171
    • Mizuno, M.1    Nakajima, S.2    Sampei, T.3    Nishimura, H.4    Hadeishi, H.5    Suzuki, A.6    Yasui, N.7    Nathal-Vera, E.8
  • 210
    • 0024853614 scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity and specificity of transcranial Doppler ultrasonography in the diagnosis of vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage
    • Sloan MA, Haley EC Jr, Kassell NF, Henry ML, Stewart SR, Beskin RR, Sevilla EA, Torner JC. Sensitivity and specificity of transcranial Doppler ultrasonography in the diagnosis of vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurology 1989; 39 (11): 1514-8.
    • (1989) Neurology , vol.39 , Issue.11 , pp. 1514-1518
    • Sloan, M.A.1    Haley, E.C.2    Kassell, N.F.3    Henry, M.L.4    Stewart, S.R.5    Beskin, R.R.6    Sevilla, E.A.7    Torner, J.C.8
  • 211
    • 0025405758 scopus 로고
    • Transcranial Doppler in cerebral vasospasm
    • Newell DW, Winn HR. Transcranial Doppler in cerebral vasospasm. Neurosurg Clin N Am 1990; 1 (2):319-28.
    • (1990) Neurosurg Clin N Am , vol.1 , Issue.2 , pp. 319-328
    • Newell, D.W.1    Winn, H.R.2
  • 212
    • 0032602248 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of transcranial Doppler in the management of patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage:a review
    • Lindegaard KF. The role of transcranial Doppler in the management of patients with subarachnoid haemorrhage:a review. Acta Neurochir Suppl 1999; 72: 59-71.
    • (1999) Acta Neurochir Suppl , vol.72 , pp. 59-71
    • Lindegaard, K.F.1
  • 213
    • 0034793576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transcranial Doppler versus angiography in patients with vasospasm due to a ruptured cerebral aneurysm: a systematic review
    • Lysakowski C, Walder B, Costanza MC, Tramer MR. Transcranial Doppler versus angiography in patients with vasospasm due to a ruptured cerebral aneurysm: a systematic review. Stroke 2001; 32 (10): 2292-8.
    • (2001) Stroke , vol.32 , Issue.10 , pp. 2292-2298
    • Lysakowski, C.1    Walder, B.2    Costanza, M.C.3    Tramer, M.R.4
  • 214
    • 0029986360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of vasospasm by transcranial Doppler sonography. The challenges of the anterior and posterior cerebral arteries
    • Wozniak MA, Sloan MA, Rothman MI, Burch CM, Rigamonti D, Permutt T, Numaguchi Y. Detection of vasospasm by transcranial Doppler sonography. The challenges of the anterior and posterior cerebral arteries. J Neuroimaging 1996; 6 (2): 87-93.
    • (1996) J Neuroimaging , vol.6 , Issue.2 , pp. 87-93
    • Wozniak, M.A.1    Sloan, M.A.2    Rothman, M.I.3    Burch, C.M.4    Rigamonti, D.5    Permutt, T.6    Numaguchi, Y.7
  • 215
    • 84885564373 scopus 로고
    • Reliable prediction of grade of angiographic vasospasm by transcranial Doppler sonography
    • abstract
    • Piepgras A, Hagen T, Schmiadek P. Reliable prediction of grade of angiographic vasospasm by transcranial Doppler sonography. Stroke 1994; 25: 260 [abstract].
    • (1994) Stroke , vol.25 , pp. 260
    • Piepgras, A.1    Hagen, T.2    Schmiadek, P.3
  • 216
    • 0031977966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimation of vessel flow and diameter during cerebral vasospasm using transcranial Doppler indices
    • Giller CA, Hatab MR, Giller AM. Estimation of vessel flow and diameter during cerebral vasospasm using transcranial Doppler indices. Neurosurgery 1998; 42 (5):1076-81.
    • (1998) Neurosurgery , vol.42 , Issue.5 , pp. 1076-1081
    • Giller, C.A.1    Hatab, M.R.2    Giller, A.M.3
  • 217
    • 0023259885 scopus 로고
    • Cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome: a cause of neurologic dysfunction after carotid endarterectomy
    • Reigel MM, Hollier LH, Sundt TM Jr, Piepgras DG, Sharbrough FW, Cherry KJ. Cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome: a cause of neurologic dysfunction after carotid endarterectomy. J Vasc Surg 1987; 5 (4): 628-34.
    • (1987) J Vasc Surg , vol.5 , Issue.4 , pp. 628-634
    • Reigel, M.M.1    Hollier, L.H.2    Sundt, T.M.3    Piepgras, D.G.4    Sharbrough, F.W.5    Cherry, K.J.6
  • 218
    • 0025316106 scopus 로고
    • Hyperperfusion syndrome after carotid endarterectomy: a transcranial Doppler evaluation
    • Powers AD, Smith RR. Hyperperfusion syndrome after carotid endarterectomy: a transcranial Doppler evaluation. Neurosurgery 1990; 26 (1): 56-9.
    • (1990) Neurosurgery , vol.26 , Issue.1 , pp. 56-59
    • Powers, A.D.1    Smith, R.R.2
  • 219
    • 0031028971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cerebral hyperperfusion injury after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of extracranial arteries
    • Schoser BG, Heesen C, Eckert B, Thie A. Cerebral hyperperfusion injury after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of extracranial arteries. J Neurol 1997; 244 (2): 101-4.
    • (1997) J Neurol , vol.244 , Issue.2 , pp. 101-104
    • Schoser, B.G.1    Heesen, C.2    Eckert, B.3    Thie, A.4
  • 220
    • 0033199908 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transcranial Doppler monitoring during carotid endarterectomy helps to identify patients at risk of postoperative hyperperfusion
    • Dalman JE, Beenakkers IC, Moll FL, Leusink JA, Ackerstaff RG. Transcranial Doppler monitoring during carotid endarterectomy helps to identify patients at risk of postoperative hyperperfusion. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 1999; 18 (3): 222-7.
    • (1999) Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg , vol.18 , Issue.3 , pp. 222-227
    • Dalman, J.E.1    Beenakkers, I.C.2    Moll, F.L.3    Leusink, J.A.4    Ackerstaff, R.G.5
  • 221
    • 0030932286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transcranial Doppler monitoring and causes of stroke from carotid endarterectomy
    • Spencer MP. Transcranial Doppler monitoring and causes of stroke from carotid endarterectomy. Stroke 1997; 28 (4): 685-91.
    • (1997) Stroke , vol.28 , Issue.4 , pp. 685-691
    • Spencer, M.P.1
  • 222
    • 0022590843 scopus 로고
    • Transcranial measurement of blood velocities in the basal cerebral arteries using pulsed Doppler ultrasound: a method of assessing the Circle of Willis
    • Padayachee TS, Kirkham FJ, Lewis RR, Gillard J, Hutchinson MC, Gosling RG. Transcranial measurement of blood velocities in the basal cerebral arteries using pulsed Doppler ultrasound: a method of assessing the Circle of Willis. Ultrasound Med Biol 1986; 12 (1):5-14.
    • (1986) Ultrasound Med Biol , vol.12 , Issue.1 , pp. 5-14
    • Padayachee, T.S.1    Kirkham, F.J.2    Lewis, R.R.3    Gillard, J.4    Hutchinson, M.C.5    Gosling, R.G.6
  • 223
    • 0025668760 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of transcranial and cervical continuouswave Doppler in the evaluation of intracranial collateral circulation
    • Bass A, Krupski WC, Dilley RB, Bernstein EF, Otis SM. Comparison of transcranial and cervical continuouswave Doppler in the evaluation of intracranial collateral circulation. Stroke 1990; 21 (11): 1584-8.
    • (1990) Stroke , vol.21 , Issue.11 , pp. 1584-1588
    • Bass, A.1    Krupski, W.C.2    Dilley, R.B.3    Bernstein, E.F.4    Otis, S.M.5
  • 224
    • 0006003237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vascular Surgical Society of Great Britain and Ireland: transcranial Doppler ultrasonography as a predictor of haemodynamically significant carotid stenosis
    • Byrd S, Wolfe J, Nicolaides A, Stansby G, Cheshire N, Thomas D, Mansfield A. Vascular Surgical Society of Great Britain and Ireland: transcranial Doppler ultrasonography as a predictor of haemodynamically significant carotid stenosis. Br J Surg 1999; 86 (5): 692-3.
    • (1999) Br J Surg , vol.86 , Issue.5 , pp. 692-693
    • Byrd, S.1    Wolfe, J.2    Nicolaides, A.3    Stansby, G.4    Cheshire, N.5    Thomas, D.6    Mansfield, A.7
  • 225
    • 0026022667 scopus 로고
    • Noninvasive assessment of cerebral collateral blood supply through the ophthalmic artery
    • Schneider PA, Rossman ME, Bernstein EF, Ringelstein EB, Otis SM. Noninvasive assessment of cerebral collateral blood supply through the ophthalmic artery. Stroke 1991; 22 (1): 31-6.
    • (1991) Stroke , vol.22 , Issue.1 , pp. 31-36
    • Schneider, P.A.1    Rossman, M.E.2    Bernstein, E.F.3    Ringelstein, E.B.4    Otis, S.M.5
  • 226
    • 0033858794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A longitudinal study of collateral flow patterns in the circle of Willis and the ophthalmic artery in patients with a symptomatic internal carotid artery occlusion
    • Rutgers DR, Klijn CJ, Kappelle LJ, van Huffelen AC, van der Grond J. A longitudinal study of collateral flow patterns in the circle of Willis and the ophthalmic artery in patients with a symptomatic internal carotid artery occlusion. Stroke 2000; 31 (8): 1913-20.
    • (2000) Stroke , vol.31 , Issue.8 , pp. 1913-1920
    • Rutgers, D.R.1    Klijn, C.J.2    Kappelle, L.J.3    van Huffelen, A.C.4    van der Grond, J.5
  • 227
    • 0014519438 scopus 로고
    • Experiments on decompression bubbles in the circulation using ultrasonic and electromagnetic flowmeters
    • Spencer MP, Campbell SD, Sealey JL, Henry FC, Lindbergh J. Experiments on decompression bubbles in the circulation using ultrasonic and electromagnetic flowmeters. J Occup Med 1969; 11 (5): 238-44.
    • (1969) J Occup Med , vol.11 , Issue.5 , pp. 238-244
    • Spencer, M.P.1    Campbell, S.D.2    Sealey, J.L.3    Henry, F.C.4    Lindbergh, J.5
  • 228
    • 0024149380 scopus 로고
    • Ultrasound detection of micro-emboli in the middle cerebral artery during cardiopulmonary bypass surgery
    • Deverall PB, Padayachee TS, Parsons S, Theobold R, Battistessa SA. Ultrasound detection of micro-emboli in the middle cerebral artery during cardiopulmonary bypass surgery. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 1988; 2 (4): 256-60.
    • (1988) Eur J Cardiothorac Surg , vol.2 , Issue.4 , pp. 256-260
    • Deverall, P.B.1    Padayachee, T.S.2    Parsons, S.3    Theobold, R.4    Battistessa, S.A.5
  • 229
    • 0025317321 scopus 로고
    • Detection of middle cerebral artery emboli during carotid endarterectomy using transcranial Doppler ultrasonography
    • Spencer MP, Thomas GI, Nicholls SC, Sauvage LR. Detection of middle cerebral artery emboli during carotid endarterectomy using transcranial Doppler ultrasonography. Stroke 1990; 21 (3): 415-23.
    • (1990) Stroke , vol.21 , Issue.3 , pp. 415-423
    • Spencer, M.P.1    Thomas, G.I.2    Nicholls, S.C.3    Sauvage, L.R.4
  • 230
    • 0009879257 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Background and principles
    • Tegeler CH, Babikian VL, Gomez CR, St Louis: Mosby
    • Brucher R, Russel D. . In:Tegeler CH, Babikian VL, Gomez CR. Neurosonology. St Louis: Mosby, 1996: 231-4.
    • (1996) Neurosonology , pp. 231-234
    • Brucher, R.1    Russel, D.2
  • 232
    • 0034055199 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuromonitoring and neurocognitive outcome in off-pump versus conventional coronary bypass operation
    • Diegeler A, Hirsch R, Schneider F, Schilling LO, Falk V, Rauch T, Mohr FW. Neuromonitoring and neurocognitive outcome in off-pump versus conventional coronary bypass operation. Ann Thorac Surg 2000; 69 (4): 1162-6.
    • (2000) Ann Thorac Surg , vol.69 , Issue.4 , pp. 1162-1166
    • Diegeler, A.1    Hirsch, R.2    Schneider, F.3    Schilling, L.O.4    Falk, V.5    Rauch, T.6    Mohr, F.W.7
  • 233
    • 0027315668 scopus 로고
    • Continuous transcranial Doppler ultrasonography and electroencephalography during carotid endarterectomy: a multimodal monitoring system to detect intraoperative ischemia
    • Jansen C, Moll FL, Vermeulen FE, van Haelst JM, Ackerstaff RG. Continuous transcranial Doppler ultrasonography and electroencephalography during carotid endarterectomy: a multimodal monitoring system to detect intraoperative ischemia. Ann Vasc Surg 1993; 7 (1): 95-101.
    • (1993) Ann Vasc Surg , vol.7 , Issue.1 , pp. 95-101
    • Jansen, C.1    Moll, F.L.2    Vermeulen, F.E.3    van Haelst, J.M.4    Ackerstaff, R.G.5
  • 234
    • 0029054874 scopus 로고
    • The significance of microemboli detection by means of transcranial Doppler ultrasonography monitoring in carotid endarterectomy
    • Ackerstaff RG, Jansen C, Moll FL, Vermeulen FE, Hamerlijnck RP, Mauser HW. The significance of microemboli detection by means of transcranial Doppler ultrasonography monitoring in carotid endarterectomy. J Vasc Surg 1995; 21 (6): 963-9.
    • (1995) J Vasc Surg , vol.21 , Issue.6 , pp. 963-969
    • Ackerstaff, R.G.1    Jansen, C.2    Moll, F.L.3    Vermeulen, F.E.4    Hamerlijnck, R.P.5    Mauser, H.W.6
  • 235
  • 236
    • 0027958481 scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and characteristics of intracranial microemboli signals in patients with different types of prosthetic cardiac valves
    • Georgiadis D, Grosset DG, Kelman A, Faichney A, Lees KR. Prevalence and characteristics of intracranial microemboli signals in patients with different types of prosthetic cardiac valves. Stroke 1994; 25 (3): 587-92.
    • (1994) Stroke , vol.25 , Issue.3 , pp. 587-592
    • Georgiadis, D.1    Grosset, D.G.2    Kelman, A.3    Faichney, A.4    Lees, K.R.5
  • 237
    • 0028079933 scopus 로고
    • Incidence of transcranial Doppler-detected cerebral microemboli in patients referred for echocardiography
    • Tong DC, Bolger A, Albers GW. Incidence of transcranial Doppler-detected cerebral microemboli in patients referred for echocardiography. Stroke 1994; 25 (11):2138-41.
    • (1994) Stroke , vol.25 , Issue.11 , pp. 2138-2141
    • Tong, D.C.1    Bolger, A.2    Albers, G.W.3
  • 238
    • 0029114978 scopus 로고
    • Transcranial Doppler-detected microemboli in patients with acute stroke
    • Tong DC, Albers GW. Transcranial Doppler-detected microemboli in patients with acute stroke. Stroke 1995; 26 (9): 1588-92.
    • (1995) Stroke , vol.26 , Issue.9 , pp. 1588-1592
    • Tong, D.C.1    Albers, G.W.2
  • 239
    • 0029930310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical relevance of intracranial microembolic signals in patients with left ventricular assist devices. A prospective study
    • Nabavi DG, Georgiadis D, Mumme T, Schmid C, Mackay TG, Scheld HH, Ringelstein EB. Clinical relevance of intracranial microembolic signals in patients with left ventricular assist devices. A prospective study. Stroke 1996; 27 (5): 891-6.
    • (1996) Stroke , vol.27 , Issue.5 , pp. 891-896
    • Nabavi, D.G.1    Georgiadis, D.2    Mumme, T.3    Schmid, C.4    Mackay, T.G.5    Scheld, H.H.6    Ringelstein, E.B.7
  • 240
    • 0031017655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and time course of microembolic signals in patients with acute stroke. A prospective study
    • Sliwka U, Lingnau A, Stohlmann WD, Schmidt P, Mull M, Diehl RR, Noth J. Prevalence and time course of microembolic signals in patients with acute stroke. A prospective study. Stroke 1997; 28 (2): 358-63.
    • (1997) Stroke , vol.28 , Issue.2 , pp. 358-363
    • Sliwka, U.1    Lingnau, A.2    Stohlmann, W.D.3    Schmidt, P.4    Mull, M.5    Diehl, R.R.6    Noth, J.7
  • 241
    • 0030996259 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microemboli in patients with vertebrobasilar ischemia: association with vertebrobasilar and cardiac lesions
    • Koennecke HC, Mast H, Trocio SS Jr, Sacco RL, Thompson JL, Mohr JP. Microemboli in patients with vertebrobasilar ischemia: association with vertebrobasilar and cardiac lesions. Stroke 1997; 28 (3): 593-6.
    • (1997) Stroke , vol.28 , Issue.3 , pp. 593-596
    • Koennecke, H.C.1    Mast, H.2    Trocio, S.S.3    Sacco, R.L.4    Thompson, J.L.5    Mohr, J.P.6
  • 243
    • 0032709995 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between large aortic arch atheromas and high-intensity transient signals in elderly stroke patients
    • Rundek T, Di Tullio MR, Sciacca RR, Titova IV, Mohr JP, Homma S, Sacco RL. Association between large aortic arch atheromas and high-intensity transient signals in elderly stroke patients. Stroke 1999; 30 (12): 2683-6.
    • (1999) Stroke , vol.30 , Issue.12 , pp. 2683-2686
    • Rundek, T.1    Di Tullio, M.R.2    Sciacca, R.R.3    Titova, I.V.4    Mohr, J.P.5    Homma, S.6    Sacco, R.L.7
  • 246
    • 0033787431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transcranial Doppler ultrasound
    • Markus HS. Transcranial Doppler ultrasound. Br Med Bull 2000; 56 (2): 378-88.
    • (2000) Br Med Bull , vol.56 , Issue.2 , pp. 378-388
    • Markus, H.S.1
  • 247
    • 0029041693 scopus 로고
    • The International Cerebral Hemodynamics Society Consensus Statement. Stroke 1995; 26: 1123.
    • (1995) Stroke , vol.26 , pp. 1123
  • 248
    • 0017698005 scopus 로고
    • Precerebral arterial blood flow pattern in intracranial hypertension with cerebral blood flow arrest
    • Nornes H, Angelsen B, Lindegaard KF. Precerebral arterial blood flow pattern in intracranial hypertension with cerebral blood flow arrest. Acta Neurochir 1977; 38: 187-94.
    • (1977) Acta Neurochir , vol.38 , pp. 187-194
    • Nornes, H.1    Angelsen, B.2    Lindegaard, K.F.3
  • 250
    • 0024490366 scopus 로고
    • Transcranial Doppler and real-time cranial sonography in neonatal hydrocephalus
    • Fischer AQ, Livingstone JN. Transcranial Doppler and real-time cranial sonography in neonatal hydrocephalus. J Child Neurol 1989; 4 (1): 64-9.
    • (1989) J Child Neurol , vol.4 , Issue.1 , pp. 64-69
    • Fischer, A.Q.1    Livingstone, J.N.2
  • 251
    • 0027158122 scopus 로고
    • Transcranial Doppler recordings in raised intracranial pressure
    • Homburg AM, Jakobsen M, Enevoldsen E. Transcranial Doppler recordings in raised intracranial pressure. Acta Neurol Scand 1993; 87 (6): 488-93.
    • (1993) Acta Neurol Scand , vol.87 , Issue.6 , pp. 488-493
    • Homburg, A.M.1    Jakobsen, M.2    Enevoldsen, E.3
  • 253
    • 0029780303 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Asymmetry of intracranial hemodynamics as an indicator of mass effect in acute intracerebral hemorrhage. A transcranial Doppler study
    • Mayer SA, Thomas CE, Diamond BE. Asymmetry of intracranial hemodynamics as an indicator of mass effect in acute intracerebral hemorrhage. A transcranial Doppler study. Stroke 1996; 27 (10): 1788-92.
    • (1996) Stroke , vol.27 , Issue.10 , pp. 1788-1792
    • Mayer, S.A.1    Thomas, C.E.2    Diamond, B.E.3
  • 254
    • 0032253689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determining cerebral perfusion pressure thresholds in severe head trauma
    • Lewis S, Wong M, Myburgh J, Reilly P. Determining cerebral perfusion pressure thresholds in severe head trauma. Acta Neurochir Suppl 1998; 71: 174-6.
    • (1998) Acta Neurochir Suppl , vol.71 , pp. 174-176
    • Lewis, S.1    Wong, M.2    Myburgh, J.3    Reilly, P.4
  • 255
    • 0032247715 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increase in transcranial Doppler pulsatility index does not indicate the lower limit of cerebral autoregulation
    • Richards HK, Czosnyka M, Whitehouse H, Pickard JD. Increase in transcranial Doppler pulsatility index does not indicate the lower limit of cerebral autoregulation. Acta Neurochir Suppl 1998; 71: 229-32.
    • (1998) Acta Neurochir Suppl , vol.71 , pp. 229-232
    • Richards, H.K.1    Czosnyka, M.2    Whitehouse, H.3    Pickard, J.D.4
  • 256
    • 0031729568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transcranial doppler monitoring of intracranial pressure therapy with mannitol, sorbitol and glycerol in patients with acute stroke
    • Treib J, Becker SC, Grauer M, Haass A. Transcranial doppler monitoring of intracranial pressure therapy with mannitol, sorbitol and glycerol in patients with acute stroke. Eur Neurol 1998; 40 (4): 212-9.
    • (1998) Eur Neurol , vol.40 , Issue.4 , pp. 212-219
    • Treib, J.1    Becker, S.C.2    Grauer, M.3    Haass, A.4
  • 258
    • 0034015839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transcranial Doppler sonography in adult hydrocephalic patients
    • Rainov NG, Weise JB, Burkert W. Transcranial Doppler sonography in adult hydrocephalic patients. Neurosurg Rev 2000; 23 (1): 34-8.
    • (2000) Neurosurg Rev , vol.23 , Issue.1 , pp. 34-38
    • Rainov, N.G.1    Weise, J.B.2    Burkert, W.3
  • 259
    • 0023318742 scopus 로고
    • Possibilities and limits of transcranial Doppler sonography
    • in German
    • Grolimund P, Seiler RW, Mattle H. Possibilities and limits of transcranial Doppler sonography. Ultraschall Med 1987; 8 (2): 87-94 [in German].
    • (1987) Ultraschall Med , vol.8 , Issue.2 , pp. 87-94
    • Grolimund, P.1    Seiler, R.W.2    Mattle, H.3
  • 260
    • 0023259877 scopus 로고
    • Intracranial flow patterns at increasing intracranial pressure
    • Klingelhofer J, Conrad B, Benecke R, Sander D. Intracranial flow patterns at increasing intracranial pressure. Klin Wochenschr 1987; 65 (12): 542-5.
    • (1987) Klin Wochenschr , vol.65 , Issue.12 , pp. 542-545
    • Klingelhofer, J.1    Conrad, B.2    Benecke, R.3    Sander, D.4
  • 262
    • 0023627026 scopus 로고
    • Transcranial Doppler in brain death
    • Ropper AH, Kehne SM, Wechsler L. Transcranial Doppler in brain death. Neurology 1987; 37 (11): 1733-5.
    • (1987) Neurology , vol.37 , Issue.11 , pp. 1733-1735
    • Ropper, A.H.1    Kehne, S.M.2    Wechsler, L.3
  • 263
    • 0023928893 scopus 로고
    • Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography in raised intracranial pressure and in intracranial circulatory arrest
    • Hassler W, Steinmetz H, Gawlowski J. Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography in raised intracranial pressure and in intracranial circulatory arrest. J Neurosurg 1988; 68 (5): 745-51.
    • (1988) J Neurosurg , vol.68 , Issue.5 , pp. 745-751
    • Hassler, W.1    Steinmetz, H.2    Gawlowski, J.3
  • 264
    • 0024269890 scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis of brain death by transcranial Doppler sonography
    • Bode H, Sauer M, Pringsheim W. Diagnosis of brain death by transcranial Doppler sonography. Arch Dis Child 1988; 63 (12): 1474-8.
    • (1988) Arch Dis Child , vol.63 , Issue.12 , pp. 1474-1478
    • Bode, H.1    Sauer, M.2    Pringsheim, W.3
  • 265
    • 0024505663 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of brain death using transcranial Doppler
    • Newell DW, Grady MS, Sirotta P, Winn HR. Evaluation of brain death using transcranial Doppler. Neurosurgery 1989; 24 (4): 509-13.
    • (1989) Neurosurgery , vol.24 , Issue.4 , pp. 509-513
    • Newell, D.W.1    Grady, M.S.2    Sirotta, P.3    Winn, H.R.4
  • 266
    • 0025277983 scopus 로고
    • The role of transcranial Doppler in confirming brain death: sensitivity, specificity, and suggestions for performance and interpretation
    • Petty GW, Mohr JP, Pedley TA, Tatemichi TK, Lennihan L, Duterte DI, Sacco RL. The role of transcranial Doppler in confirming brain death: sensitivity, specificity, and suggestions for performance and interpretation. Neurology 1990; 40 (2): 300-3.
    • (1990) Neurology , vol.40 , Issue.2 , pp. 300-303
    • Petty, G.W.1    Mohr, J.P.2    Pedley, T.A.3    Tatemichi, T.K.4    Lennihan, L.5    Duterte, D.I.6    Sacco, R.L.7
  • 267
    • 0030070213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of the intra-aortic balloon pump on the transcranial Doppler flow pattern in a brain-dead patient
    • van der Naalt J, Baker AJ. Influence of the intra-aortic balloon pump on the transcranial Doppler flow pattern in a brain-dead patient. Stroke 1996; 27 (1): 140-2.
    • (1996) Stroke , vol.27 , Issue.1 , pp. 140-142
    • van der Naalt, J.1    Baker, A.J.2
  • 269
    • 0032516845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consensus opinion on diagnosis of cerebral circulatory arrest using Doppler-sonography: Task Force Group on cerebral death of the Neurosonology Research Group of the World Federation of Neurology
    • Ducrocq X, Hassler W, Moritake K, Newell DW, von Reutern GM, Shiogai T, Smith RR. Consensus opinion on diagnosis of cerebral circulatory arrest using Doppler-sonography: Task Force Group on cerebral death of the Neurosonology Research Group of the World Federation of Neurology. J Neurol Sci 1998; 159:145-50.
    • (1998) J Neurol Sci , vol.159 , pp. 145-150
    • Ducrocq, X.1    Hassler, W.2    Moritake, K.3    Newell, D.W.4    von Reutern, G.M.5    Shiogai, T.6    Smith, R.R.7
  • 270
    • 0032544359 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Brain death and transcranial Doppler: experience in 130 cases of brain dead patients
    • Ducrocq X, Braun M, Debouverie M, Junges C, Hummer M, Vespignani H. Brain death and transcranial Doppler: experience in 130 cases of brain dead patients. J Neurol Sci 1998; 160 (1): 41-6.
    • (1998) J Neurol Sci , vol.160 , Issue.1 , pp. 41-46
    • Ducrocq, X.1    Braun, M.2    Debouverie, M.3    Junges, C.4    Hummer, M.5    Vespignani, H.6
  • 271
    • 0032872610 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Application of transcranial Doppler ultrasonography for the diagnosis of brain death
    • Hadani M, Bruk B, Ram Z, Knoller N, Spiegelmann R, Segal E. Application of transcranial Doppler ultrasonography for the diagnosis of brain death. Intensive Care Med 1999; 25 (8): 822-8.
    • (1999) Intensive Care Med , vol.25 , Issue.8 , pp. 822-828
    • Hadani, M.1    Bruk, B.2    Ram, Z.3    Knoller, N.4    Spiegelmann, R.5    Segal, E.6
  • 272
    • 0035912158 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The diagnosis of brain death
    • Wijdicks EF. The diagnosis of brain death. N Engl J Med 2001; 344 (16): 1215-21.
    • (2001) N Engl J Med , vol.344 , Issue.16 , pp. 1215-1221
    • Wijdicks, E.F.1
  • 274
    • 0023607437 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of cerebrovascular disease by combined extracranial and transcranial Doppler sonography. Experience in 1,039 patients
    • Grolimund P, Seiler RW, Aaslid R, Huber P, Zurbruegg H. Evaluation of cerebrovascular disease by combined extracranial and transcranial Doppler sonography. Experience in 1,039 patients. Stroke 1987; 18:1018-24.
    • (1987) Stroke , vol.18 , pp. 1018-1024
    • Grolimund, P.1    Seiler, R.W.2    Aaslid, R.3    Huber, P.4    Zurbruegg, H.5
  • 275
    • 0023894455 scopus 로고
    • Prognosis of acute hemiplegia estimated by transcranial Doppler sonography
    • Halsey J. Prognosis of acute hemiplegia estimated by transcranial Doppler sonography. Stroke 1988; 19:648-9.
    • (1988) Stroke , vol.19 , pp. 648-649
    • Halsey, J.1
  • 277
    • 0025344401 scopus 로고
    • Transcranial Doppler ultrasound findings in the middle cerebral artery occlusion
    • Kaps M, Damian MS, Teschendorf U, Dorndorf W. Transcranial Doppler ultrasound findings in the middle cerebral artery occlusion. Stroke 1990; 21: 532-7.
    • (1990) Stroke , vol.21 , pp. 532-537
    • Kaps, M.1    Damian, M.S.2    Teschendorf, U.3    Dorndorf, W.4
  • 280
    • 0035151649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thrombolysis in brain ischemia (TIBI) transcranial Doppler flow grades predict clinical severity, early recovery, and mortality in patients treated with tissue plasminogen activator
    • Demchuk AM, Burgin WS, Christou I, Felberg RA, Barber PA, Hill MD, Alexandrov AV. Thrombolysis in brain ischemia (TIBI) transcranial Doppler flow grades predict clinical severity, early recovery, and mortality in patients treated with tissue plasminogen activator. Stroke 2001; 32: 89-93.
    • (2001) Stroke , vol.32 , pp. 89-93
    • Demchuk, A.M.1    Burgin, W.S.2    Christou, I.3    Felberg, R.A.4    Barber, P.A.5    Hill, M.D.6    Alexandrov, A.V.7
  • 281
    • 0342369418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Transcranial Doppler ultrasound criteria for recanalization after thrombolysis for middle cerebral artery stroke
    • Burgin WS, Malkoff M, Felberg RA, Demchuk AM, Christou I, Grotta JC, Alexandrov AV. Transcranial Doppler ultrasound criteria for recanalization after thrombolysis for middle cerebral artery stroke. Stroke 2000; 31: 1128-32.
    • (2000) Stroke , vol.31 , pp. 1128-1132
    • Burgin, W.S.1    Malkoff, M.2    Felberg, R.A.3    Demchuk, A.M.4    Christou, I.5    Grotta, J.C.6    Alexandrov, A.V.7
  • 282
    • 0036141255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical and sonographic patterns of tandem ICA/MCA occlusion in TPA treated patients
    • El-Mitwalli A, Saad M, Christou I, Malkoff M, Alexandrov AV. Clinical and sonographic patterns of tandem ICA/MCA occlusion in TPA treated patients. Stroke 2002; 33: 99-102.
    • (2002) Stroke , vol.33 , pp. 99-102
    • El-Mitwalli, A.1    Saad, M.2    Christou, I.3    Malkoff, M.4    Alexandrov, A.V.5
  • 284
    • 0032967914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CT angiography and Doppler sonography for emergency assessment in acute basilar artery ischemia
    • Brandt T, Knauth M, Wildermuth S, Winter R, von Kummer R, Sartor K, Hacke W. CT angiography and Doppler sonography for emergency assessment in acute basilar artery ischemia. Stroke 1999; 30 (3): 606-12.
    • (1999) Stroke , vol.30 , Issue.3 , pp. 606-612
    • Brandt, T.1    Knauth, M.2    Wildermuth, S.3    Winter, R.4    von Kummer, R.5    Sartor, K.6    Hacke, W.7
  • 285
    • 0036172462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contrast-enhanced three-dimensional transcranial colorcoded sonography of intracranial stenoses
    • Klotzsch C, Bozzato A, Lammers G, Mull M, Noth J. Contrast-enhanced three-dimensional transcranial colorcoded sonography of intracranial stenoses. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2002; 23 (2): 208-12.
    • (2002) AJNR Am J Neuroradiol , vol.23 , Issue.2 , pp. 208-212
    • Klotzsch, C.1    Bozzato, A.2    Lammers, G.3    Mull, M.4    Noth, J.5
  • 286
    • 0023716167 scopus 로고
    • Three-dimensional transcranial Doppler blood flow mapping in patients with cerebrovascular disorders
    • Niederkorn K, Myers LG, Nunn CL, Ball MR, McKinney WM. Three-dimensional transcranial Doppler blood flow mapping in patients with cerebrovascular disorders. Stroke 1988; 19 (11): 1335-44.
    • (1988) Stroke , vol.19 , Issue.11 , pp. 1335-1344
    • Niederkorn, K.1    Myers, L.G.2    Nunn, C.L.3    Ball, M.R.4    McKinney, W.M.5
  • 288
    • 0026463189 scopus 로고
    • Various ultrasound methods for studying the vertebral arteryaa comparative evaluation
    • in German
    • Delcker A, Diener HC. Various ultrasound methods for studying the vertebral arteryaa comparative evaluation. Ultraschall Med 1992; 13 (5): 213-20 [in German].
    • (1992) Ultraschall Med , vol.13 , Issue.5 , pp. 213-220
    • Delcker, A.1    Diener, H.C.2
  • 290
    • 0014702748 scopus 로고
    • Subclavian steal syndrome. Bloodless diagnosis of the syndrome using ultrasonic pulse echo and vertebral artery compression
    • in German
    • Voigt K, Kendel K, Sauer M. Subclavian steal syndrome. Bloodless diagnosis of the syndrome using ultrasonic pulse echo and vertebral artery compression. Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr Grenzgeb 1970; 38 (1): 20-33 [in German].
    • (1970) Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr Grenzgeb , vol.38 , Issue.1 , pp. 20-33
    • Voigt, K.1    Kendel, K.2    Sauer, M.3
  • 291
    • 0014701524 scopus 로고
    • Ultrasound and the subclavian steal syndrome
    • Grossman BL, Brisman R, Wood EH. Ultrasound and the subclavian steal syndrome. Radiology 1970; 94 (1):1-6.
    • (1970) Radiology , vol.94 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-6
    • Grossman, B.L.1    Brisman, R.2    Wood, E.H.3
  • 292
    • 0017317626 scopus 로고
    • The diagnosis of obstructions of the vertebral and subclavian arteries by means of directional Doppler sonography
    • in German
    • Reutern GM, Budingen HJ, Freund HJ. The diagnosis of obstructions of the vertebral and subclavian arteries by means of directional Doppler sonography. Arch Psychiatr Nervenkr 1976; 222 (2-3): 209-222 [in German].
    • (1976) Arch Psychiatr Nervenkr , vol.222 , Issue.2-3 , pp. 209-222
    • Reutern, G.M.1    Budingen, H.J.2    Freund, H.J.3
  • 293
    • 0017784750 scopus 로고
    • Doppler sonographic study of the vertebral artery in subclavian steal syndrome
    • in German
    • von Reutern GM, Budingen HJ. Doppler sonographic study of the vertebral artery in subclavian steal syndrome. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 1977; 102 (4): 140-1 [in German].
    • (1977) Dtsch Med Wochenschr , vol.102 , Issue.4 , pp. 140-141
    • von Reutern, G.M.1    Budingen, H.J.2
  • 294
    • 0017352261 scopus 로고
    • Subclavian steal in Takayasu's arteritis. A hemodynamic study by means of ultrasonic Doppler flowmetry
    • Yoneda S, Nukada T, Tada K, Imaizumi M, Takano T. Subclavian steal in Takayasu's arteritis. A hemodynamic study by means of ultrasonic Doppler flowmetry. Stroke 1977; 8 (2): 264-8.
    • (1977) Stroke , vol.8 , Issue.2 , pp. 264-268
    • Yoneda, S.1    Nukada, T.2    Tada, K.3    Imaizumi, M.4    Takano, T.5
  • 295
    • 0017673419 scopus 로고
    • Contribution of the Doppler examination to the diagnosis of subclavian steal syndrome
    • in French
    • Pourcelot L, Ribadeau-Dumas JL, Fagret D, Planiol T. Contribution of the Doppler examination to the diagnosis of subclavian steal syndrome. Rev Neurol (Paris) 1977; 133 (5): 309-23 [in French].
    • (1977) Rev Neurol (Paris) , vol.133 , Issue.5 , pp. 309-323
    • Pourcelot, L.1    Ribadeau-Dumas, J.L.2    Fagret, D.3    Planiol, T.4
  • 296
    • 0020457704 scopus 로고
    • Subclavian steal syndrome detected with duplex pulsed Doppler sonography
    • Walker DW, Acker JD, Cole CA. Subclavian steal syndrome detected with duplex pulsed Doppler sonography. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1982; 3 (6): 615-8.
    • (1982) AJNR Am J Neuroradiol , vol.3 , Issue.6 , pp. 615-618
    • Walker, D.W.1    Acker, J.D.2    Cole, C.A.3
  • 297
    • 0021139101 scopus 로고
    • Delayed reversal of vertebral artery blood flow following percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for subclavian steal syndrome
    • Ringelstein EB, Zeumer H. Delayed reversal of vertebral artery blood flow following percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for subclavian steal syndrome. Neuroradiology 1984; 26 (3): 189-98.
    • (1984) Neuroradiology , vol.26 , Issue.3 , pp. 189-198
    • Ringelstein, E.B.1    Zeumer, H.2
  • 298
    • 0021143150 scopus 로고
    • Ultrasonic duplex scanning in atherosclerotic disease of the innominate, subclavian and vertebral arteries. A comparative study with angiography
    • Ackerstaff RG, Hoeneveld H, Slowikowski JM, Moll FL, Eikelboom BC, Ludwig JW. Ultrasonic duplex scanning in atherosclerotic disease of the innominate, subclavian and vertebral arteries. A comparative study with angiography. Ultrasound Med Biol Aug, 1984; 10 (4):409-18.
    • (1984) Ultrasound Med Biol Aug , vol.10 , Issue.4 , pp. 409-418
    • Ackerstaff, R.G.1    Hoeneveld, H.2    Slowikowski, J.M.3    Moll, F.L.4    Eikelboom, B.C.5    Ludwig, J.W.6
  • 299
    • 0022138530 scopus 로고
    • Ultrasonic angiography in the diagnosis of lesions of the brachiocephalic branches of the aorta
    • in Russian
    • Pokrovskii AV, Volynskii IuD, Kuntsevich GI, Buianovskii VL, Berdikian SIA. Ultrasonic angiography in the diagnosis of lesions of the brachiocephalic branches of the aorta. Kardiologiia 1985; 25 (10): 82-6 [in Russian].
    • (1985) Kardiologiia , vol.25 , Issue.10 , pp. 82-86
    • Pokrovskii, A.V.1    Volynskii, IuD.2    Kuntsevich, G.I.3    Buianovskii, V.L.4    Berdikian, S.I.A.5
  • 300
    • 0022587223 scopus 로고
    • Functional test of reactive hyperemia in the diagnosis of the vertebro-subclavian steal syndrome using ultrasonic dopplerography
    • in Russian
    • Kuperberg EB, Grozovskii IuL, Agadzhanova LP. Functional test of reactive hyperemia in the diagnosis of the vertebro-subclavian steal syndrome using ultrasonic dopplerography. Zh Nevropatol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 1986; 86 (1): 28-34 [in Russian].
    • (1986) Zh Nevropatol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova , vol.86 , Issue.1 , pp. 28-34
    • Kuperberg, E.B.1    Grozovskii, IuL.2    Agadzhanova, L.P.3
  • 301
    • 0022485187 scopus 로고
    • Subclavian steal: a harmless haemodynamic phenomenon?
    • Bornstein NM, Norris JW. Subclavian steal: a harmless haemodynamic phenomenon? Lancet 1986; 2 (8502):303-5.
    • (1986) Lancet , vol.2 , Issue.8502 , pp. 303-305
    • Bornstein, N.M.1    Norris, J.W.2
  • 302
    • 0023392943 scopus 로고
    • Stenosis and occlusion of the subclavian artery: ultrasonographic and clinical findings
    • Ackermann H, Diener HC, Dichgans J. Stenosis and occlusion of the subclavian artery: ultrasonographic and clinical findings. J Neurol 1987; 234 (6): 396-400.
    • (1987) J Neurol , vol.234 , Issue.6 , pp. 396-400
    • Ackermann, H.1    Diener, H.C.2    Dichgans, J.3
  • 303
    • 0023925374 scopus 로고
    • Ultrasonographic follow-up of subclavian stenosis and occlusion: natural history and surgical treatment
    • Ackermann H, Diener HC, Seboldt H, Huth C. Ultrasonographic follow-up of subclavian stenosis and occlusion: natural history and surgical treatment. Stroke 1988; 19 (4): 431-5.
    • (1988) Stroke , vol.19 , Issue.4 , pp. 431-435
    • Ackermann, H.1    Diener, H.C.2    Seboldt, H.3    Huth, C.4
  • 304
    • 0023718559 scopus 로고
    • Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography of carotid-basilar collateral circulation in subclavian steal
    • Klingelhofer J, Conrad B, Benecke R, Frank B. Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography of carotid-basilar collateral circulation in subclavian steal. Stroke 1988; 19 (8): 1036-42.
    • (1988) Stroke , vol.19 , Issue.8 , pp. 1036-1042
    • Klingelhofer, J.1    Conrad, B.2    Benecke, R.3    Frank, B.4
  • 307
    • 0025988305 scopus 로고
    • Clinical significance of retrograde flow in the vertebral artery
    • Nicholls SC, Koutlas TC, Strandness DE. Clinical significance of retrograde flow in the vertebral artery. Ann Vasc Surg 1991; 5 (4): 331-6.
    • (1991) Ann Vasc Surg , vol.5 , Issue.4 , pp. 331-336
    • Nicholls, S.C.1    Koutlas, T.C.2    Strandness, D.E.3
  • 309
    • 0034051429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of coronary subclavian steal syndrome using sestamibi imaging and duplex scanning with observed vertebral subclavian steal
    • Rossum AC, Steel SR, Hartshorne MF. Evaluation of coronary subclavian steal syndrome using sestamibi imaging and duplex scanning with observed vertebral subclavian steal. Clin Cardiol 2000; 23 (3): 226-9.
    • (2000) Clin Cardiol , vol.23 , Issue.3 , pp. 226-229
    • Rossum, A.C.1    Steel, S.R.2    Hartshorne, M.F.3
  • 311
    • 0033834922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Carotidsubclavian bypass grafting with polytetrafluoroethylene grafts for symptomatic subclavian artery stenosis or occlusion: a 20-year experience
    • AbuRahma AF, Robinson PA, Jennings TG. Carotidsubclavian bypass grafting with polytetrafluoroethylene grafts for symptomatic subclavian artery stenosis or occlusion: a 20-year experience. J Vasc Surg 2000; 32 (3):411-8.
    • (2000) J Vasc Surg , vol.32 , Issue.3 , pp. 411-418
    • AbuRahma, A.F.1    Robinson, P.A.2    Jennings, T.G.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.