Comparison of modern and Late Cretaceous meridional energy transport and oceanology

Special Paper of the Geological Society of America

Volumn 332, Issue , 1999, Pages 283-300

  Hay, William W ^a,b   DeConto, Robert M ^b,c,d  

^a GEOMAR HELMHOLTZ CENTRE FOR OCEAN RESEARCH KIEL   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO   (United States)

^c NATIONAL CENTER FOR ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE; CLIMATE MODELS; EARTH (PLANET); MOLECULES; SALINE WATER; THERMAL GRADIENTS;

CLIMATE SYSTEM MODEL; EQUATORIAL REGIONS; INTERMEDIATE WATERS; LATENT HEAT TRANSPORT; MERIDIONAL TEMPERATURE GRADIENT; POLEWARD ENERGY TRANSPORT; PRESSURE DIFFERENCES; WATER VAPOR CONTENTS;

OCEAN CURRENTS;

AIR-SEA INTERACTION; ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE; CLIMATE MODELING; COMPARATIVE STUDY; CRETACEOUS; ENERGY BUDGET; MERIDIONAL CIRCULATION; PALEOCEANOGRAPHY; STRATIGRAPHIC CORRELATION; TETHYS; VAPOR PRESSURE;

EID: 84870900918     PISSN: 00721077     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1130/0-8137-2332-9.283     Document Type: Article

References (87)

1. Alyushinskaya, N. M., and Ivanov, V. V., 1978, Fresh water balance of the world ocean: Water inflow from land, in Korzun, V. I., ed.,World water balance and water resources of the Earth: Paris, France, UNESCO, p. 568-574.
2. Anthes, R. A., 1977, A cumulus parameterization scheme utilizing a one-dimensional cloud model: Monthly Weather Review, v. 105, p. 921-941.
3. Barron, E. J., 1983, A warm equable Cretaceous: The nature of the problem: Earth Science Review, v. 19, p. 305-338.
4. Barron, E. J., 1984, Ancient climates: investigation with climate models: Reports on Progress in Physics, v. 47, p. 1563-1599.
5. Barron, E. J., and Peterson, W. H., 1990, Mid-Cretaceous ocean circulation: results from model sensitivity studies: Paleoceanography, v. 5, p. 319-337.
6. Barron, E. J., Hay, W.W., and Thompson, S. L., 1989, The hydrologic cycle: A major variable during Earth history: Global and Planetary Change, v. 1, p. 157-174.
7. Barron, E. J., Fawcett, P. J., Pollard, D., and Thompson, S. L., 1993a, Model simulations of Cretaceous climates: The role of geography and carbon dioxide: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, v. 341, p. 307-316.
8. Barron, E. J., Peterson, W., Thompson, S., and Pollard, D., 1993b, Past climate and the role of ocean heat transport: Model simulations for the Cretaceous: Paleogeography, v. 8, no. 785-798.
9. Barron, E. J., Fawcett, P. J., Peterson, H., Pollard, D., and Thompson, S. L., 1995, A "simulation" of mid-Cretaceous climate: Paleoceanography, v. 10, p. 953-962.
10. Barry, R., 1985, The cryosphere and climate change, in MacCracken, M., and Luther, F., eds., Detecting the climatic effects of increasing carbon dioxide, DOE/ER-0235: Washington, D.C., U.S. Government Printing Office, p. 109-141.
11. Baumgartner, A., and Reichel, E., 1975, The world water balance - Mean annual global, continental, and maritime precipitation, evaporation and run-off, Lee, R., trans.: Amsterdam, Elsevier, p. 1-179.
12. Birchfield, G. E., and Broecker, W. S., 1990, A salt oscillator in the glacial Atlantic? 2. A "scale analysis" model: Paleoceanography, v. 5, p. 835-843.
13. Brady, E. C., DeConto, R. M., and Thompson, S. L., 1998, Deep water formation and poleward ocean heat transport in the warm climate extreme of the Cretaceous (80 Ma): Geophysical Research Letters, v. 25, p. 4205-4208.
14. Brass, G. W., Saltzman, E., Sloan, J., II, Southam, J., Hay, W., Holser, W., and Peterson, W., 1982a, Ocean circulation, plate tectonics, and climate, in NRC Geophysics Study Committee, ed., Climate in Earth history: Washington, D.C., National Academy Press, p. 83-89.
15. Brass, G. W., Southam, J. R., and Peterson, W. H., 1982b, Warm saline bottom waters in the ancient ocean: Nature, v. 296, p. 620-623.
16. Broecker, W. S., Bond, G., and Klas, M., 1990, A salt oscillator in the glacial Atlantic? 1. The concept: Paleoceanography, v. 5, p. 469-477.
17. Brown, J., Colling, A., Park, D., Phillips, J., Rothery, D., and Wright, J., 1993, Ocean circulation: Oxford, United Kingdom, Pergamon Press, 238 p.
18. Bryan, K., 1984, Accelerating the convergence to equilibrium of ocean climate models: Journal of Physical Oceanography, v. 14, p. 666-673.
19. Büdel, J., 1977, Klima Geomorphologie (Climate Geomorphology): Berlin, Federal Republic of Germany, Gebrüder Borntraeger, p. i-viii + 1-304.
20. Chamberlin, T., 1906, On a possible reversal of deep-sea circulation and its influence on geologic climates: Journal of Geology, v. 14, p. 363-373.
21. Clapp, R. B., and Hornberger, G. M., 1986, Empirical equations for some soil hydrologic properties: Water Resources Research, v. 14, p. 601-604.
22. Covey, C., and Thompson, S. L., 1989,Testing the effects of ocean heat transport on climate: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 75, p. 331-341.
23. DeConto, R. M., 1996, Late Cretaceous climate, vegetation and ocean interactions: An Earth system approach to modeling an extreme climate [Ph.D. thesis]: Boulder, Colorado, University of Colorado, p. 1-236.
24. DeConto, R. M., Hay, W.W., and Bergengren, J. C., 1998, Modelling Late Cretaceous climate and vegetation: Zentralblatt für Geologie und Paläontologie, Teil 1, 1996, v. 11/12, p. 1433-1444.
25. Dercourt, J., Ricoou, L., and Vrielynck, E., editors, 1992, Atlas: Tethys paleoenvironmental maps: Paris, Gauthier-Villars, 307 p., 14 maps, 1 pl.
26. Dias-Brito, D., 1992, Occurência de calcisferas pelágicas em depósitos carbonáticos do Atlântico Sul (Occurrence of pelagic calcispheres in carbonate deposits of the South Atlantic), in Impacto na configuração paleoceanográfica do Tétis Cretácico: 2°' Simpósio sobre as Bacias Cretácicas Brasilieras, Rio Claro-Sao Paolo, 8 a 11/7/92, Resumenos Expandidos: Rio Claro, Brasil, UNESP (Universidade Estadual Paulista, Campus Rio Claro, p. 30-34.
27. Dickinson, R. E., Henderson-Sellers, A., Kennedy, P. J., and Wilson, M. F., 1986, Biosphere-atmosphere transfer scheme (BATS) for the NCAR community climate model: Boulder, Colorado, National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), NCAR Technical Note NCAR/TN-275+STR, 69 p.
28. Dullo, W., Hay, W.W., Tröger, K.-A. Voight, S., Höfling, R., and Frank, G., 1996, Paleoceanography of the Cretaceous Tethys, in Reitner, J., Neuwieler, F., and Gunkel, F., eds., Global and regional controls on biogenous sedimentation, II. Cretaceous Sedimentation, Research Reports. Göttinger Arbeiten in Geologie und Paläontologie, Sonderband 3: Göttingen, Germany, Universität Göttingen, p. 147-150.
29. Emiliani, C., 1992, Planet Earth: Cosmology, geology, and the evolution of life and environment: New York, Cambridge University Press, p. 719.
30. Endal, A. S., 1981, Evolutionary variations of solar luminosity, in Variations of the solar constant: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Conference Publication 2191, p. 175-183.
31. Fischer, A. G., Herbert, T., and Premoli-Silva, I., 1985, Carbonate bedding cycles in Cretaceous pelagic and hemipelagic sequences, in Pratt, L. M., Kauffman, E. G., and Zelt, F. B., eds., Fine-grained deposits and biofacies of the Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway: Evidence of cyclic sedimentary processes. SEPM Field Trip Guidebook No. 4, 1985 Midyear Meeting, Golden, Colorado: Tulsa, Oklahoma, Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, p. 1-10.
32. Fisher, C. G., Hay, W.W., and Eicher, D. L., 1994, An oceanic front in the Greenhorn Sea (Late middle through late Cenomanian): Paleoceanography, v. 9, p. 879-892.
33. Frakes, L. A., 1979, Climates throughout geologic time: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company, p. i-vii + 1-310.
34. Frakes, L. A., Francis, J. E., and Syktus, J., 1992, Climate modes of the Phanerozoic: New York, Cambridge University Press, p. 285.
35. Gary, M., McAfee, R. J., and Wolf, C. L., editors, 1974, Glossary of geology: Washington, D.C., American Geological Institute, p. i-xiv + 1-805 + A1-A52.
36. Gignoux, M., 1950, Géologie Stratigraphique (Quatrième Édition) (Stratigraphic Geology): Paris, France, Masson & Cie., p. 1-735.
37. Gordon, A. L., 1978, Deep Antarctic convection west of Maude Rise: Journal of Physical Oceanography, v. 8, p. 600-612.
38. Gough, D. O., 1981, Solar interior structure and luminosity variations: Solar Physics, v. 74, p. 21-34.
39. Hallam, A., 1964, Origin of the limestone-shale rhythm in the Blue Lias of England - A composite theory: Journal of Geology, v. 72, p. 157-168.
40. Hallam, A., ed., 1973, Atlas of paleobiogeography: Amsterdam, The Netherlands, Elsevier, p. 1-531.
41. Hattin, D. E., 1985, Distribution and significance of widespread, time-parallel pelagic limestone beds in Greenhorn Limestone (Upper Cretaceous) of the central Great Plains and southern Rocky Mountains, in Pratt, L. M., Kauffman, E. G., and Zelt, F. B., eds., Fine-grained deposits and biofacies of the Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway: Evidence of cyclic sedimentary processes: Tulsa, Oklahoma, Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Field Trip Guidebook No. 4, 1985 Midyear Meeting, Golden, Colorado, p. 28-37.
42. Hay, W.W., 1993, The role of polar deep water formation in global climate change: Annual Reviews of Earth and Planetary Sciences, v. 21, p. 227-254.
43. Hay, W.W., 1994, Pleistocene-Holocene fluxes are not the Earth's norm, in Hay, W., and Usselman, T., eds., Material fluxes on the surface of the Earth: Studies in geophysics: Washington, D.C., National Academy Press, p. 15-27.
44. Hay, W. W., 1995, Cretaceous paleoceanography: Geologica Carpathica, v. 46, p. 257-266.
45. Hay, W. W., and Wold, C. N., 1996, A simpler plate-tectonic history for the Caribbean: Zentralblatt für Geologie und Paläontologie, Teil I, 1994, p. 917-934.
46. Hay, W.W., and Wold, C. N., 1998, The role of mountains and plateaus in a Triassic climate model, in Crowley, T., and Burke, K., eds., Tectonic boundary conditions for climate reconstructions: Oxford, United Kingdom, Oxford University Press, p. 116-143.
47. Hay, W.W., Thompson, S. L., Pollard, D.,Wilson, K. M., and Wold, C. N., 1994, Results of a climate model for Triassic Pangaea: Zentralblatt für Geologie und Paläontologie, Teil I, v. 1992 11/12, p. 1253-1265.
48. Hay, W.W., DeConto, R. M., and Wold, C. N., 1997, Climate: Is the past the key to the future?: Geologische Rundschau, v. 86, p. 471-491.
49. Hay, W.W.,Wold, C. N., and DeConto, R. M., 1998, The role of salinity in circulation of the Cretaceous ocean: Zentralblatt für Geologie und Paläontologie, Teil 1, 1996, v. 11/12, p. 1445-1454.
50. Killworth, P. D., 1977, Some models of bottom water formation, in Dunbar, M. J., ed., Polar oceans: Calgary, Alberta, Canada, Arctic Institute of North America, p. 179-189.
51. Köppen, W., 1931, Grundriss der Klimakunde, Zweite Verbesserte Auflage der Klimate der Erde: Berlin, Walter de Gruyter, 388 p.
52. Levitus, S., 1982, Climatological atlas of the world ocean: Washington, D.C., U.S. Government Printing Office, National Oceanic and Atmospheric dministration Professional Paper, v. 13, 163 p.
53. Loth, B., Graf, H.-F., and Oberhuber, J. M., 1993, Snow cover model for global climate simulation: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 98, p. 10451-10464.
54. McFarlane, N. A., 1987, The effect of orographically excited gravity wave drag in the general circulation of the lower stratosphere and troposphere: Journal of Atmospheric Science, v. 44, p. 1775-1800.
55. Middlemiss, F. A., Rawson, P. F., and Newall, G., eds., 1971, Faunal provinces in time and space: Liverpool, United Kingdom, Seel House Press, p. 1-236.
56. Millero, F. J., and Poisson, A., 1981, International one-atmosphere equation of state for sea water: Deep-Sea Research, v. 28A, p. 625-629.
57. Neumayr, M., 1883, Über klimatische Zonen während der Jura- und Kreidezeit: Wien, Mathematische-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse, Denkschriften der Akademie der Wissenschaften, v. 47, p. 277-310.
58. Peixoto, J. P., and Oort, A. H., 1992, Physics of climate: New York, American Institute of Physics, p. 520.
59. Pickard, G. L., and Emery, W. J., 1990, Descriptive physical oceanography: Oxford, United Kingdom, Pergamon Press, p. 320.
60. Pollard, D., and Thompson, S. L., 1995, Use of a land-surface-transfer scheme (LSX) in a global climate model: the response to doubling stomatal resistance: Global and Planetary Change, v. 10, p. 129-161.
61. Pollard, D., and Thompson, S. L., 1998, Driving a high-resolution dynamic icesheet model with GCM climate: ice-sheet initiation at 116,000 BP: Annals of Glaciology, v. 25, p. 296-304.
62. Rausch, P. J., and Williamson, D. L., 1990, Computational aspects of moisture transport in global models of the atmosphere: Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, v. 116, p. 1071-1090.
63. Raymo, M. E., Ruddiman, W. F., and Froelich, P. N., 1988, Influence of late Cenozoic mountain building on ocean geochemical cycles: Geology, v. 16, p. 649-653.
64. Ronov, A. B., Khain, V. E., and Balukhovsky, A. N., 1989, Atlas of lithologicalpaleogeographical maps of the world, in Barsukov, V. L., and Laviorov, N. P., Mesozoic and Cenozoic of continents and oceans: Moscow, Editorial Publishing Group VNII Zarubezh-geologia, p. 79.
65. Rowley, D. B., and Lottes, A. L., 1988, Plate-kinematic reconstructions of the North Atlantic and Arctic: Late Jurassic to Present: Tectonophysics, v. 155, p. 73-120.
66. Savin, S. M., 1977, The history of the Earth's surface temperature during the past 100 million years: Annual Reviews of Earth and Planetary Science, v. 5, p. 319-355.
67. Schwarzbach, M., 1963, Climates of the past, Muir, R. O., trans.: London, United Kingdom, D. Van Nostrand Company, Ltd., p. 1-328.
68. Sellers, P. J., Mintz, Y., Sud, Y. C., and Dalcher, A., 1986, A simple biosphere model (SiB) for use within general circulation models: Journal of Atmospheric Science, v. 43, p. 505-531.
69. Semtner, A. J., 1976, A model for the thermodynamic growth of sea ice in numerical investigations of climate: Journal of Physical Oceanography, v. 6, p. 379-389.
70. Semtner, A. J., and Chervin, R. M., 1992, Ocean general circulation from a global eddy-resolving simulation: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 97, p. 5493-5550.
71. Slingo, A., and Slingo, J. M., 1991, Response of the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Climate Model to improvement in the representation of clouds: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 96, p. 15341-15357.
72. Stommel, H., 1962, On the smallness of sinking regions in the ocean: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v. 48, p. 766-772.
73. Thompson, S. L., and Pollard, D., 1995a, A global climate model (GENESIS) with a land-surface-transfer scheme (LSX). Part I: Present climate simulations: Journal of Climate, v. 8, p. 732-761.
74. Thompson, S. L., and Pollard, D., 1995b, A global climate model (GENESIS) with a land-surface-transfer scheme (LSX). Part II: CO2 sensitivity: Journal of Climate, v. 8, p. 1104-1121.
75. Thompson, S. L., and Pollard, D., 1997, Greenland and Antarctic mass balances for present and doubled atmospheric CO2, from the GENESIS Version 2 Global Climate Model: Journal of Climate, v. 10, p. 158-187.
76. Thompson, S. L., Ramaswamy, V., and Covey, C., 1987, Atmospheric effects of nuclear war aerosols in general circulation model simulations: Influence of smoke optical properties: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 92, p. 10942-10960.
77. Trewartha, G. T., 1968, An introduction to climate: New York, McGraw-Hill, p. 408.
78. Uhlig, V., 1911, Die marinen Reiche des Jura und der Unterkreide (The marine realms of the Jurassic and lower Cretaceous): Mitteilungen der geologischen Gesellschaft in Wien, v. 6, p. 329-448.
79. Warren, B. A., 1981, Deep circulation in the world ocean, in Warren, B. A., and Wunsch, C., eds., Evolution of physical oceanography: Cambridge, Massachusetts, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press, p. 6-41.
80. Washington, W. M., and Meehl, G. A., 1996, High-latitude climate change in a global coupled ocean-atmosphere-sea ice model with increased CO2: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 101, p. 12795-12801.
81. Washington, W. M., and Parkinson, C. L., 1986, An introduction to three-dimensional climate modeling: Mill Valley, California, University Science Books and Cambridge University Press, 422 p.
82. Weertman, J., 1976, Milankovitch solar radiation variations and ice age sheet sizes: Nature, v. 261, p. 17-20.
83. Williamson, D. L., 1990, Semi-Lagrangian moisture transport in the NMC spectral model: Tellus, v. 42A, p. 413-428.
84. Williamson, D. L., and Rausch, P. J., 1989, Two-dimensional semi-Lagrangian transport with shape-preserving interpolation: Monthly Weather Review, v. 117, p. 102-129.
85. Williamson, D. L., Kiehl, J. T., Ramanathan, V., Dickinson, R. E., and Hack, J. J., 1987, Description of NCAR Community Climate Model (CCM1): Boulder, Colorado, National Center for Atmospheric Research, NCAR Technical Note, v. NACR/TN-285+STR, 112 p.
86. Wilson, K. M., Pollard, D., Hay, W.W., Thompson, S. L., and Wold, C. N., 1994, General circulation model simulations of Triassic climates: Preliminary results, in Klein, G. D., ed., Pangaea: Paleoclimate, tectonics and sedimentation during accretion, zenith, and breakup of a supercontinent: Geological Society of America Special Paper 288, p. 91-116.
87. Worthington, L. V., 1981, The water masses of the world ocean: Some results of a fine-scale census, inWarren, B. A., and Wunsch, C., eds., Evolution of physical oceanography: Cambridge, Massachusetts, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Press, p. 42-69.