The importance of key operational variables and electrolyte monitoring to the performance of an all vanadium redox flow battery

Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology

Volumn 88, Issue 1, 2013, Pages 126-138

  Watt Smith, M J ^a   Ridley, P ^b   Wills, R G A ^a   Shah, A A ^a,c   Walsh, F C ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON   (United Kingdom)

^b RedT Ltd   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF WARWICK   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Electrochemistry; Energy; Engineering; Mathematical modelling; Reactor optimisation

Indexed keywords

ELECTROCHEMISTRY; ENGINEERING; FLOW RATE; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; PROTON EXCHANGE MEMBRANE FUEL CELLS (PEMFC); SECONDARY BATTERIES; VANADIUM;

ALL VANADIUM REDOX FLOW BATTERY; CARBON FELT ELECTRODES; CARBON FELTS; CELL EFFICIENCY; CELL MONITORING; CELL PERFORMANCE; CELL VOLTAGES; CHARGE DISCHARGE CURVES; CHARGE DISCHARGE PERFORMANCE; CONSTANT CURRENT; ELECTRODE ACTIVITY; ELECTRODE MATERIAL; ELECTROLYTE FLOWS; ENERGY; ION CONCENTRATIONS; KEY PROCESS; OPERATIONAL VARIABLES; OPTIMISATIONS; PHYSICAL MODEL; PROTON EXCHANGE MEMBRANES; QUANTITATIVE AGREEMENT; VANADIUM SPECIES; VOLTAGE EFFICIENCIES; VOLUMETRIC FLOW; VOLUMETRIC FLOW RATE;

ELECTROLYTES;

CARBON; ELECTROLYTE; POLYVINYLCHLORIDE; PROTON; VANADIUM;

ARTICLE; CELL ENERGY; CONDUCTANCE; CYCLIC POTENTIOMETRY; DENSITY; DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT; ELECTRIC POTENTIAL; ELECTROCHEMICAL ANALYSIS; ELECTROCHEMISTRY; ELECTRODE; FLOW RATE; GAS EVOLUTION; HYDRAULIC PERMEABILITY; HYDROGEN EVOLUTION; MATHEMATICAL MODEL; MEMBRANE FILTER; OXIDATION REDUCTION REACTION; POLARIZATION; POROSITY; PROCEDURES CONCERNING CELLS;

EID: 84870800405     PISSN: 02682575     EISSN: 10974660     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/jctb.3870     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Ponce de León C, Frías-Ferrer A, González-García J, Szánto DA and Walsh FC, Redox flow cells for energy conversion. J Power Sources 160: 716 (2006).
2. Kear G, Shah AA and Walsh FC, Development of the all-vanadium redox flow battery for energy storage.a review of technological, financial and policy aspects. Int. J. Energy Res. DOI:10.1002/er.1863 (2011).
3. Skyllas-Kazacos M, Chakrabarti MH, Hajimolana SA, Mijalli FS and Saleem MJ, Progress in flow battery research and development. J Electrochem Soc 158: R55-R79 (2011).
4. Webber AZ, Mench MM, Meyers JP, Ross PN and Gostick JT, Redox flow batteries: a review. J Appl Electrochem 41: 1137-1164 (2011).
5. Fabjan JCh, Garche J, Harrer B, Jörissen L, Kolbeck C, Philippi F, et al, The vanadium redox-battery: an efficient storage unit for photovoltaic systems. Electrochim Acta 47: 825-831 (2001).
6. Joerissen L, Garche J, Fabjan Ch and Tomazic G, Possible use of vanadium redox-flow batteries for energy storage in small grids and stand-alone photovoltaic systems. J Power Sources 127: 98-104 (2004).
7. Sum E and Skyllas-Kazacos M, A study of the V(II)/V(III) redox couple for redox flow cell applications. J Power Sources 15: 179-190 (1985).
8. Sum E, Rychcik M and Skyllas-Kazacos M, Investigation of the V(V)/V(IV) system for use in the positive half-cell of a redox battery. J Power Sources 16: 85-95 (1985).
9. Skyllas-Kazacos M, Menictas C and Kazacos M, Thermal stability of concentrated V(V) electrolytes in the vanadium redox cell. J Electrochem Soc 143: L86-L88 (1996).
10. Skyllas-Kazacos M, Rychcik M, Robins RG, Fane AG and Green M, New all-vanadium redox flow cell. J Electrochem Soc 133: 1057-1058 (1986).
11. Mohammadi T and Skyllas-Kazacos M, Evaluation of the chemical stability of some membranes in vanadium solution. J Appl Electrochem 27: 153-160 (1997).
12. Zhong S and Skyllas-Kazacos M, Electrochemical behaviour of vanadium(V)/vanadium(IV) redox couple at graphite electrodes. J Power Sources 39: 1-9 (1992).
13. Kazacos M, Cheng M and Skyllas-Kazacos M, Vanadium redox cell electrolyte optimization studies. J Appl Electrochem 20: 463-467 (1990).
14. Sun BT and Skyllas-Kazacos M, Chemical modification and electrochemical behaviour of graphite fibre in acidic vanadium solution. Electrochim Acta 36: 513-517 (1991).
15. Skyllas-Kazacos M and Rychcik M, Evaluation of electrode materials for vanadium redox cell. J Power Sources 19: 45-54 (1987).
16. Sun BT and Skyllas-Kazacos M, Modification of graphite electrode materials for vanadium redox flow battery application. I. Thermal treatment. Electrochim Acta 37: 1253-1260 (1992).
17. Skyllas-Kazacos M and Grossmith F, Efficient vanadium redox flow cell. J Electrochem Soc 134: 2950-2953 (1987).
18. Mohammadi T and Skyllas-Kazacos M, Characterisation of novel composite membrane for redox flow battery applications. J Membr Sci 98: 77-87 (1995).
19. Tian B, Yan CW and Wang FH, Proton conducting composite membrane from Daramic/Nafion for vanadium redox flow battery. J Membr Sci 234: 51 (2004).
20. Sukkar T and Skyllas-Kazacos M, Membrane stability studies for vanadium redox cell applications. J Appl Electrochem 34: 137-145 (2007).
21. Tian B, Yan CW and Wang F, Modification and evaluation of membranes for vanadium redox battery applications. J Appl Electrochem 34: 1205-1210 (2007).
22. Xi J, Wu Z, Qiu X and Chen L, Nafion/SiO2 hybrid membrane for vanadium redox flow battery. J Power Sources 166: 531-536 (2004).
23. Kazacos M and Skyllas-Kazacos M, Performance characteristics of carbon plastic electrodes in the all-vanadium redox cell. J Electrochem Soc 136: 2759-2760 (1989).
24. Gattrell M, Park J, MacDougall B, Apte J, McCarthy S and Wu CW, Study of the mechanism of the Vanadium 4+/5+ redox reaction in acidic solutions. J Electrochem Soc 151: A123-A130 (2004).
25. Oriji G, Katayama Y and Miura T, Investigation on V(IV)/V(V) species in a vanadium redox flow battery. Electrochim Acta 49: 3091-3095 (2004).
26. Zhong S, Kazacos M, Burford RP and Skyllas-Kazacos M, Fabrication and activation studies of conducting plastic composite electrodes for redox cells. J Power Sources 36: 29-43 (1991).
27. Haddadi-Asl V, Kazacos M and Skyllas-Kazacos M, Conductive carbon-polypropylene composite electrodes for vanadium redox battery. J Appl Electrochem 25: 29-33 (1995).
28. Lu X, Spectroscopic study of vanadium(V) precipitation in the vanadium redox cell electrolyte. Electrochim Acta 46: 4281-4287 (2001).
29. Eckroad S, Kamath H and Rajagopalan S, Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries-An In-Depth Analysis, Technical Update. EPRI Report 1014836, Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA, USA (2007).
30. Menictas C, Hong DR, Yan ZH, Wilson J, Kazacos M and Skyllas-Kazacos M, Proceedings, Electrical Engineering Congress, Sydney (1994).
31. Shah AA, Watt-Smith MJ and Walsh FC, A dynamic performance model for redox-flow batteries involving soluble species. Electrochim Acta 53: 8087-8100 (2008).
32. Al-Fetlawi H, Shah AA and Walsh FC, Non-isothermal modelling of the all-vanadium redox flow battery. Electrochim Acta 55: 78-89 (2009).
33. Shah AA, Al-Fetlawi H and Walsh FC, Dynamic modelling of hydrogen evolution effects in the all-vanadium redox flow battery. Electrochim Acta 55: 1125-1139 (2010).
34. Al-Fetlawi H, Shah AA and Walsh FC, Modelling the effects of oxygen evolution in the all-vanadium redox flow battery. Electrochim Acta 55: 3192-3205 (2010).
35. Carta R, Palmas S, Polcaro AM and Tola G, Behaviour of a carbon felt flow by electrodes Part I: mass transfer characteristics. J Appl Electrochem 21: 793-798 (1991).
36. + at carbon electrodes. J Electrochem Soc 152: A830-A836 (2005).
37. Mills R, Self-diffusion in normal and heavy water in the range. Phys Chem 77: 685 (1973).
38. Springer TE, Zawodinski TA and Gottesfeld S, Polymer electrolyte fuel cell model. J Electrochem Soc 138: 2334-2342 (1991).
39. Verbrugge MW and Hill RF, Ion and solvent transport in ion-exchange membranes. J Electrochem Soc 137: 886-893 (1990).
40. Pourbaix M, @ Atlas of Electrochemical Equilibria in Aqueous Solutions, 2nd edn. NACE International, Houston (1974).
41. Brown JC, Determination of the exposed specific surface of pulp fibers from air permeability measurements. Tappi J 33: 130 (1950).
42. Fales JL and Vandeborough NE, Determination of the exposed specific surface of pulp fibers from air permeability measurements. Electrochem Soc Proc 86: 179 (1986).