Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis suppression in asthmatic school children

Pediatrics

Volumn 130, Issue 6, 2012, Pages

  Zöllner, Ekkehard Werner ^a,d   Lombard, Carl J ^b   Galal, Ushma ^b   Hough, F Stephen ^c   Irusen, Elvis M ^a   Weinberg, Eugene ^d  

^a STELLENBOSCH UNIVERSITY   (South Africa)

^b SOUTH AFRICAN MEDICAL RESEARCH COUNCIL   (South Africa)

^c STELLENBOSCH UNIVERSITY   (South Africa)

^d UNIVERSITY OF CAPE TOWN   (South Africa)

Author keywords

Adrenal insufficiency; Asthma; Pituitary adrenal function tests; Steroids adverse effects

Indexed keywords

BETAMETHASONE DIPROPIONATE; CORTICOSTEROID; CORTICOTROPIN; HYDROCORTISONE; METYRAPONE; MONTELUKAST; SALMETEROL; STEROID; THEOPHYLLINE;

ADOLESCENT; ADRENAL SUPPRESSION; ADULT; ARTICLE; ASTHMA; CHILD; CLINICAL FEATURE; CORRELATION COEFFICIENT; FEMALE; FORCED EXPIRATORY VOLUME; HUMAN; HYDROCORTISONE BLOOD LEVEL; HYPOTHALAMUS HYPOPHYSIS ADRENAL SYSTEM; LUNG FUNCTION; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MULTIPLE LINEAR REGRESSION ANALYSIS; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PREVALENCE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RISK FACTOR; SCHOOL CHILD;

EID: 84870552020     PISSN: 00314005     EISSN: 10984275     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1542/peds.2012-1147     Document Type: Article

References (32)

1. Dluhy RG. Clinical relevance of inhaled corticosteroids and HPA axis suppression. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1998;101(4 pt 2):S447-S450
2. Russel G. Commentary: Symptomatic adrenal insufficiency during inhaled corticosteroid treatment. Arch Dis Child. 2001;85(4):333-334
3. Bisgaard H, Pedersen S. Safety of treatment. Eur Respir J Suppl. 1996;21(suppl 21):28s-34s
4. Sizonenko P. Effects of inhaled or nasal glucocorticosteroids on adrenal function and growth. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2002;15(1):5-26 (Pubitemid 34704768)
5. Boner AL. Effects of intranasal corticosteroids on the hypothalamic-pituitaryadrenal axis in children. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2001;108(suppl 1):S32-S39 (Pubitemid 32678755)
6. Bruni FM, De Luca G, Venturoli V, Boner AL. Intranasal corticosteroids and adrenal suppression. Neuroimmunomodulation. 2009;16(5):353-362
7. Zöllner EW. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis suppression in asthmatic children on inhaled corticosteroids: part 1. Which test should be used? Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2007;18(5):401-409 (Pubitemid 47039145)
8. Zöllner EW. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis suppression in asthmatic children on inhaled corticosteroids (Part 2) - the risk as determined by gold standard adrenal function tests: a systematic review. Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2007;18(6):469-474 (Pubitemid 47206740)
9. Vaz R, Senior B, Morris M, Binkiewicz A. Adrenal effects of beclomethasone inhalation therapy in asthmatic children. J Pediatr. 1982;100(4):660-662 (Pubitemid 12136053)
10. Zöllner EW, Lombard C, Galal U, Hough S, Irusen E, Weinberg E. Hypothalamic-pituitaryadrenal axis suppression in asthmatic children on inhaled and nasal corticosteroids - more common than expected? J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2011;24(7-8):529-534
11. Graber AL, Ney RL, Nicholson WE, Island DP, Liddle GW. Natural history of pituitaryadrenal recovery following long-term suppression with corticosteroids. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1965;25:11-16
12. Dolman LI, Nolan G, Jubiz W. Metyrapone test with adrenocorticotrophic levels. Separating primary from secondary adrenal insufficiency. JAMA. 1979;241(12):1251-1253 (Pubitemid 9222052)
13. Steiner H, Bähr V, Exner P, Oelkers PW. Pituitary function tests: comparison of ACTH and 11-deoxy-cortisol responses in the metyrapone test and with the insulin hypoglycemia test. Exp Clin Endocrinol. 1994;102(1):33-38
14. Johansson S-A, Andersson KE, Brattsand R, Gruvstad E, Hedner P. Topical and systemic glucocorticoid potencies of budesonide, beclomethasone dipropionate and prednisolone in man. Eur J Respir Dis Suppl. 1982;122:74-82 (Pubitemid 13235841)
15. Rossiter D, ed. South African Medicines Formulary. Rondebosch, South Africa: Health and Medical Publishing Group of the South African Medical Association; 2010:258
16. Brazzini B, Pimpinelli N. New and established topical corticosteroids in dermatology: clinical pharmacology and therapeutic use. Am J Clin Dermatol. 2002;3(1):47-58 (Pubitemid 34158102)
17. Juniper EF, Bousquet J, Abetz L, Bateman ED; GOAL Committee. Identifying 'well-controlled'and 'not well-controlled' asthma using the Asthma Control Questionnaire. Respir Med. 2006;100(4):616-621 (Pubitemid 43285748)
18. Staub JJ, Noelpp B, Girard J, Baumann JB, Graf S, Ratcliffe JG. The short metyrapone test: comparison of the plasma ACTH response to metyrapone and insulin-induced hypoglycaemia. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1979;10(6):595-601 (Pubitemid 10185575)
19. Fiad TM, Kirby JM, Cunningham SK, McKenna TJ. The overnight single-dose metyrapone test is a simple and reliable index of the hypothalamic-pituitary- adrenal axis. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 1994;40(5):603-609 (Pubitemid 24194663)
20. Berneis K, Staub JJ, Gessler A, Meier C, Girard J, Müller B. Combined stimulation of adrenocorticotropin and compound-S by single dose metyrapone test as an outpatient procedure to assess hypothalamic-pituitary- adrenal function. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002;87(12):5470-5475 (Pubitemid 36034346)
21. Linder BL, Esteban NV, Yergey AL, Winterer JC, Loriaux DL, Cassorla F. Cortisol production rate in childhood and adolescence. J Pediatr. 1990;117(6):892-896
22. Endert E, Ouwehand A, Fliers E, Prummel MF, Wiersinga WM. Establishment of reference values for endocrine tests. Part IV: Adrenal insufficiency. Neth J Med. 2005;63(11):435-443 (Pubitemid 43019743)
23. Mormede P, Foury A, Barat P, et al. Molecular genetics of hypothalamic-pituitaryadrenal axis activity and function. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2011;1220:127-136
24. Derijk RH. Single nucleotide polymorphisms related to HPA axis reactivity. Neuroimmunomodulation. 2009;16(5):340-352
25. Zöllner EW, Lombard C, Galal U, Hough S, Irusen E, Weinberg E. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis suppression in asthmatic children on inhaled and nasal corticosteroids: is the early-morning serum adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) a useful screening test? Pediatr Allergy Immunol. 2011;22(6):614-620
26. Cochrane MG, Bala MV, Downs KE, Mauskopf J, Ben-Joseph RH. Inhaled corticosteroids for asthma therapy: patient compliance, devices, and inhalation technique. Chest. 2000;117(2):542-550 (Pubitemid 30111609)
27. Saito E, Ichikawa Y, Homma M. Direct inhibitory effect of dexamethasone on steroidogenesis of human adrenal in vivo. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1979;48(5):861-863 (Pubitemid 9172126)
28. Ellison JA, Patel L, Ray DW, David TJ, Clayton PE. Hypothalamic- pituitary-adrenal function and glucocorticoid sensitivity in atopic dermatitis. Pediatrics. 2000;105(4 pt 1):794-799 (Pubitemid 30219527)
29. Mortimer KJ, Tata LJ, Smith CJP, et al. Oral and inhaled corticosteroids and adrenal insufficiency: a case-control study. Thorax. 2006;61(5):405-408 (Pubitemid 43723323)
30. Barr J, Rapoport MJ, Tauber T, Hertzianu I, Cafri Y, Bistritzer T. The relation between adrenal function and the severity of bronchial hyperresponsiveness in children as measured by the methacholine provocation test. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 2002;15(3):307-312 (Pubitemid 34700360)
31. Chrousos GP. Stress and disorders of the stress system. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2009;5(7):374-381
32. Bertagna X, Coste J, Raux-Demay MC, Letrait M, Strauch G. The combined corticotropin-releasing hormone/lysine vasopressin test discloses a corticotroph phenotype. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1994;79(2):390-394 (Pubitemid 24256524)