Management of ungual warts

Dermatologic Therapy

Volumn 25, Issue 6, 2012, Pages 545-550

  Herschthal, Jordana ^a   McLeod, Michael P ^a   Zaiac, Martin ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI MILLER SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

bleomycin; cryotherapy; human papilloma virus

Indexed keywords

BLEOMYCIN; CANDIDA ANTIGEN; CANTHARIDIN; CIMETIDINE; FLUOROURACIL; FORMALDEHYDE; GLUTARALDEHYDE; IMIQUIMOD; INTERFERON; KERATOLYTIC AGENT; PODOPHYLLOTOXIN;

ARTICLE; AVULSION INJURY; CARBON DIOXIDE LASER; CELLULAR IMMUNITY; CRYOTHERAPY; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DRUG COST; ERBIUM YAG LASER; ERYTHEMA; EXCISION; FLU LIKE SYNDROME; FREEZE THAWING; HUMAN; HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS TYPE 16; HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS TYPE 18; HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS TYPE 27; HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS TYPE 4; HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS TYPE 57; HYPERTHERMIC THERAPY; HYPNOSIS; IMMUNE RESPONSE; IMMUNOTHERAPY; INJECTION SITE EDEMA; INJECTION SITE ERYTHEMA; INJECTION SITE PAIN; INJECTION SITE PRURITUS; MALIGNANT TRANSFORMATION; NAIL DYSTROPHY; NEODYMIUM YAG LASER; NONHUMAN; PATIENT COMPLIANCE; POSTINFLAMMATORY HYPERPIGMENTATION; PULSED DYE LASER; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); RAYNAUD PHENOMENON; RECURRENCE RISK; SCAR FORMATION; SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; SURGICAL TAPE; TREATMENT DURATION; UNGUAL WART; VERRUCA VULGARIS;

ADMINISTRATION, TOPICAL; ANTIBIOTICS, ANTINEOPLASTIC; BLEOMYCIN; CRYOSURGERY; HUMANS; INJECTIONS, INTRALESIONAL; NAIL DISEASES; PAPILLOMAVIRIDAE; SKIN NEOPLASMS; WARTS;

EID: 84870515701     PISSN: 13960296     EISSN: 15298019     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1529-8019.2012.01509.x     Document Type: Article

References (66)

1. Tosti A, Piraccini BM,. Warts of the nail unit: surgical and nonsurgical approaches. Dermatol Surg 2001: 27: 235-239. (Pubitemid 32246062)
2. Kirnbauer R, Lenz P, Okun MM,. Human papilloma virus. In:, Bolognia J, Jorizzo JL, Rapini RP, eds. Dermatology. Spain: Mosby, 2007: 1183-1198.
3. Zaiac MN, Weiss E,. Mohs micrographic surgery of the nail unit and squamous cell carcinoma. Dermatol Surg 2001: 27: 246-251. (Pubitemid 32246065)
4. Finkel ML, Finkel DJ,. Warts among meat handlers. Arch Dermatol 1984: 120: 1314-1317. (Pubitemid 14041780)
5. Jackson M, Benton EC, Hunter JAA, Norval M,. Local immune responses in cutaneous warts: an immunocytochemical study of Langerhans cells, T cells and adhesion molecules. Eur J Dermatol 1994: 4: 399-404. (Pubitemid 24242135)
6. Sterling JC, Handfield-Jones S, Hudson PM,. Guidelines for the management of cutaneous warts. Br J Dermatol 2001: 144: 4-11. (Pubitemid 32162085)
7. Leman JA, Benton EC,. Verrucas. Guidelines for management. Am J Clin Dermatol 2000: 1: 143-149.
8. Cockayne S, Curran M, Denby G, et al. EVerT: cryotherapy versus salicylic acid for the treatment of verrucae-a randomised controlled trial. Health Technol Assess 2011: 15: 1-170.
9. Kacar N, Tasli L, Korkmaz S, Ergin S, Erdogan BS,. Cantharidin- podophylotoxin-salicylic acid versus cryotherapy in the treatment of plantar warts: a randomized prospective study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2011: 26 (7): 889-893.
10. Baumbach JL, Sheth PH,. Topical and intralesional antiviral agents. In:, Wolverton S, ed. Topical and intralesional antiviral agents. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders Company, 2001: 524-536.
11. Schwartz J, Norton SA,. Useful plants of dermatology. VI. The mayapple (Podophyllum). J Am Acad Dermatol 2002: 47: 774-775. (Pubitemid 35239341)
12. Chattopadhyay S, Srivastava AK, Bhojwani SS, Bisaria VS,. Production of podophyllotoxin by plant cell cultures of Podophyllum hexandrum in bioreactor. J Biosci Bioeng 2002: 93: 215-220. (Pubitemid 34264017)
13. Hellberg D, Svarrer T, Nilsson S, Valentin J,. Self-treatment of female external genital warts with 0.5% podophyllotoxin cream (Condyline) versus weekly applications of 20% podophyllin solution. Int J STD AIDS 1995: 6: 257-261.
14. Hirose R, Hori M, Shukuwa T, et al. Topical treatment of resistant warts with glutaraldehyde. J Dermatol 1994: 21: 248-253. (Pubitemid 24187013)
15. Jennings MB, Ricketti J, Guadara J, Nach W, Goodwin S,. Treatment for simple plantar verrucae: monochloroacetic acid and 10% formaldehyde versus 10% formaldehyde alone. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 2006: 96: 53-58. (Pubitemid 43171096)
16. Gaspari AA, Tyring SK, Rosen T,. Beyond a decade of 5% imiquimod topical therapy. J Drugs Dermatol 2009: 8: 467-474.
17. Micali G, Dall'Oglio F, Nasca MR,. An open label evaluation of the efficacy of imiquimod 5% cream in the treatment of recalcitrant subungual and periungual cutaneous warts. J Dermatolog Treat 2003: 14: 233-236. (Pubitemid 37474536)
18. Micali G, Nasca MR, Tedeschi A, Dall'Oglio F, Pulvirenti N,. Use of squaric acid dibutylester (SADBE) for cutaneous warts in children. Pediatr Dermatol 2000: 17: 315-318.
19. Signore RJ,. Candida albicans intralesional injection immunotherapy of warts. Cutis 2002: 70: 185-192. (Pubitemid 41757458)
20. Johnson SM, Roberson PK, Horn TD,. Intralesional injection of mumps or Candida skin test antigens: a novel immunotherapy for warts. Arch Dermatol 2001: 137: 451-455. (Pubitemid 32319840)
21. Clifton MM, Johnson SM, Roberson PK, Kincannon J, Horn TD,. Immunotherapy for recalcitrant warts in children using intralesional mumps or Candida antigens. Pediatr Dermatol 2003: 20: 268-271. (Pubitemid 36736791)
22. Lipke MM,. An armamentarium of wart treatments. Clin Med Res 2006: 4: 273-293. (Pubitemid 46170319)
23. Perman M, Sterling JB, Gaspari A,. The painful purple digit: an alarming complication of Candida albicans antigen treatment of recalcitrant warts. Dermatitis 2005: 16: 38-40. (Pubitemid 40667530)
24. Salk RS, Grogan KA, Chang TJ,. Topical 5% 5-fluorouracil cream in the treatment of plantar warts: a prospective, randomized, and controlled clinical study. J Drugs Dermatol 2006: 5: 418-424.
25. Iscimen A, Aydemir EH, Goksugur N, Engin B,. Intralesional 5-fluorouracil, lidocaine and epinephrine mixture for the treatment of verrucae: a prospective placebo-controlled, single-blind randomized study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2004: 18: 455-458. (Pubitemid 38967980)
26. Baumbach JL, Sheth PB,. Topical and intralesional antiviral agents. In:, Wolverton S, ed. Comprehensive dermatologic drug therapy. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders Company, 2001: 524-536.
27. Shelley WB, Shelley ED,. Intralesional bleomycin sulfate therapy for warts. A novel bifurcated needle puncture technique. Arch Dermatol 1991: 127: 234-236.
28. Bigby M, Gibbs S, Harvey I, Sterling J,. Warts. Clin Evid 2004: 11: 2209-2223.
29. Rogers CJ, Gibney MD, Siegfried EC, Harrison BR, Glaser DA,. Cimetidine therapy for recalcitrant warts in adults: is it any better than placebo? J Am Acad Dermatol 1999: 41: 123-127. (Pubitemid 29336868)
30. Mitsuishi T, Iida K, Kawana S,. Cimetidine treatment for viral warts enhances IL-2 and IFN-gamma expression but not IL-18 expression in lesional skin. Eur J Dermatol 2003: 13: 445-448. (Pubitemid 37305088)
31. Karabulut AA, Sahin S, Eksioglu M,. Is cimetidine effective for nongenital warts: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Arch Dermatol 1997: 133: 533-534. (Pubitemid 27175713)
32. Yilmaz E, Alpsoy E, Basaran E,. Cimetidine therapy for warts: a placebo-controlled, double-blind study. J Am Acad Dermatol 1996: 34: 1005-1007. (Pubitemid 26170766)
33. Schofer H, Sollberg S,. [Systemic treatment of common warts with beta-interferon]. Hautarzt 1991: 42: 396-398.
34. Connolly M, Bazmi K, O'Connell M, Lyons JF, Bourke JF,. Cryotherapy of viral warts: a sustained 10-s freeze is more effective than the traditional method. Br J Dermatol 2001: 145: 554-557.
35. Berth-Jones J, Bourke J, Eglitis H, et al. Value of a second freeze-thaw cycle in cryotherapy of common warts. Br J Dermatol 1994: 131: 883-886. (Pubitemid 24373970)
36. Gibbs S, Harvey I, Sterling JC, Stark R,. Local treatments for cutaneous warts. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006: 3: CD001781.
37. Buckley D,. Cryosurgery treatment of plantar warts. Ir Med J 2000: 93: 140-143.
38. Garden JM, O'Banion MK, Shelnitz LS, et al. Papillomavirus in the vapor of carbon dioxide laser-treated verrucae. JAMA 1988: 259: 1199-1202. (Pubitemid 18058832)
39. Garden JM, O'Banion MK, Bakus AD, Olson C,. Viral disease transmitted by laser-generated plume (aerosol). Arch Dermatol 2002: 138: 1303-1307.
40. Sawchuk WS, Weber PJ, Lowy DR, Dzubow LM,. Infectious papillomavirus in the vapor of warts treated with carbon dioxide laser or electrocoagulation: detection and protection. J Am Acad Dermatol 1989: 21: 41-49. (Pubitemid 19171464)
41. Kashima HK, Kessis T, Mounts P, Shah K,. Polymerase chain reaction identification of human papillomavirus DNA in CO2 laser plume from recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 1991: 104: 191-195.
42. Gloster HM Jr, Roenigk RK,. Risk of acquiring human papillomavirus from the plume produced by the carbon dioxide laser in the treatment of warts. J Am Acad Dermatol 1995: 32: 436-441.
43. van Brederode RL, Engel ED,. Combined cryotherapy/70% salicylic acid treatment for plantar verrucae. J Foot Ankle Surg 2001: 40: 36-41. (Pubitemid 32098832)
44. Webster GF, Satur N, Goldman MP, Halmi B, Greenbaum S,. Treatment of recalcitrant warts using the pulsed dye laser. Cutis 1995: 56: 230-232.
45. Kenton-Smith J, Tan ST,. Pulsed dye laser therapy for viral warts. Br J Plast Surg 1999: 52: 554-558. (Pubitemid 29516030)
46. Kopera D,. Verrucae vulgares: flashlamp-pumped pulsed dye laser treatment in 134 patients. Int J Dermatol 2003: 42: 905-908. (Pubitemid 37441461)
47. Robson KJ, Cunningham NM, Kruzan KL, et al. Pulsed-dye laser versus conventional therapy in the treatment of warts: a prospective randomized trial. J Am Acad Dermatol 2000: 43: 275-280. (Pubitemid 30626006)
48. Tanzi EL, Bader RS,. Cutaneous laser resurfacing: erbium: YAG. emedicine Web Site 2005.
49. Park JH, Hwang ES, Kim SN, Kye YC,. Er:YAG laser treatment of verrucous epidermal nevi. Dermatol Surg 2004: 30: 378-381.
50. Wollina U,. Er:YAG laser followed by topical podophyllotoxin for hard-to-treat palmoplantar warts. J Cosmet Laser Ther 2003: 5: 35-37. (Pubitemid 36626780)
51. Hughes PS, Hughes AP,. Absence of human papillomavirus DNA in the plume of erbium:YAG laser-treated warts. J Am Acad Dermatol 1998: 38: 426-428. (Pubitemid 28125525)
52. Marini L,. Thermo-fractional PDT for persistent warts. American Society for Laser Medicine and Surgery Annual Conference. Grapevine, Texas 2011.
53. Buzalov S, Khristakieva E,. [Condylomata acuminata. The correlation between affecting sexual partners and the risk of developing preneoplasia of the cervix uteri. The therapeutic potentials of the Nd-Yag laser]. Akush Ginekol (Sofiia) 1999: 38: 36-38.
54. Janda P, Leunig A, Sroka R, Betz CS, Rasp G,. Preliminary report of endolaryngeal and endotracheal laser surgery of juvenile-onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis by Nd:YAG laser and a new fiber guidance instrument. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2004: 131: 44-49. (Pubitemid 38902763)
55. Izumi T, Kyushima N, Genda T, et al. Margin clearance and HPV infection do not influence the cure rates of early neoplasia of the uterine cervix by laser conization. Eur J Gynaecol Oncol 2000: 21: 251-254. (Pubitemid 30468315)
56. Pfau A, Abd-el-Raheem TA, Baumler W, Hohenleutner U, Landthaler M,. Nd:YAG laser hyperthermia in the treatment of recalcitrant verrucae vulgares (Regensburg's technique). Acta Derm Venereol 1994: 74: 212-214. (Pubitemid 24163599)
57. Pfau A, Abd-El-Raheem TA, Baumler W, Hohenleutner U, Landthaler M,. Treatment of recalcitrant verrucae vulgaris with Nd:YAG laser hyperthermia (Regensburg's technique): preliminary results in 31 cases. J Dermatol Treat 1995: 6: 39-42.
58. El-Tonsy MH, Anbar TE, El-Domyati M, Barakat M,. Density of viral particles in pre and post Nd:YAG laser hyperthermia therapy and cryotherapy in plantar warts. Int J Dermatol 1999: 38: 393-398. (Pubitemid 29258127)
59. Johnson RF, Barber TX,. Hypnosis, suggestions, and warts: an experimental investigation implicating the importance of "believed-in efficacy". Am J Clin Hypn 1978: 20: 165-174. (Pubitemid 8285134)
60. Straatmeyer AJ, Rhodes NR,. Condylomata acuminata: results of treatment using hypnosis. J Am Acad Dermatol 1983: 9: 434-436. (Pubitemid 13051889)
61. Spanos NP, Williams V, Gwynn MI,. Effects of hypnotic, placebo, and salicylic acid treatments on wart regression. Psychosom Med 1990: 52: 109-114. (Pubitemid 20057217)
62. Ewin DM,. Hypnotherapy for warts (verruca vulgaris): 41 consecutive cases with 33 cures. Am J Clin Hypn 1992: 35: 1-10.
63. Meineke V, Reichrath J, Reinhold U, Tilgen W,. Verrucae vulgares in children: successful simulated X-ray treatment (a suggestion-based therapy). Dermatology 2002: 204: 287-289. (Pubitemid 34665146)
64. Ferreira JB, Duncan BR,. Biofeedback-assisted hypnotherapy for warts in an adult with developmental disabilities. Altern Ther Health Med 2002: 8: 144, 140-2.
65. Goldstein RH,. Successful repeated hypnotic treatment of warts in the same individual: a case report. Am J Clin Hypn 2005: 47: 259-264. (Pubitemid 40563094)
66. Focht DR 3rd, Spicer C, Fairchok MP,. The efficacy of duct tape versus cryotherapy in the treatment of verruca vulgaris (the common wart). Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 2002: 156: 971-974. (Pubitemid 36343471)