Differentiated thyroid cancer: Management of patients with radioiodine nonresponsive disease

Journal of Thyroid Research

Volumn 2012, Issue , 2012, Pages

  Busaidy, Naifa Lamki ^a   Cabanillas, Maria E ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS MD ANDERSON CANCER CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AXITINIB; B RAF KINASE; BEXAROTENE; BISPHOSPHONIC ACID DERIVATIVE; CABOZANTINIB; CISPLATIN; CYTOTOXIC AGENT; DEPSIPEPTIDE; DOXORUBICIN; FLUORODEOXYGLUCOSE F 18; GEFITINIB; LENVATINIB; MOTESANIB; PACLITAXEL; PAZOPANIB; PROTEIN TYROSINE KINASE INHIBITOR; RADIOACTIVE IODINE; RAS PROTEIN; ROSIGLITAZONE; SORAFENIB; STEROID; SUNITINIB; THALIDOMIDE; THYROGLOBULIN; THYROGLOBULIN ANTIBODY; UNINDEXED DRUG; VASCULOTROPIN; VEMURAFENIB; XL 281; ZOLEDRONIC ACID;

ANOREXIA; ARTERIAL THROMBOEMBOLISM; BLEEDING; BONE METASTASIS; BRAIN METASTASIS; CANCER RECURRENCE; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE; CONTRAST ENHANCEMENT; CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY; DIARRHEA; DIFFERENTIATED THYROID CANCER; DRUG EFFICACY; DRUG ERUPTION; DRUG SAFETY; DRUG TOLERABILITY; ECHOGRAPHY; EPIPHORA; EXTERNAL BEAM RADIOTHERAPY; FALSE POSITIVE RESULT; FATIGUE; FLU LIKE SYNDROME; GAMMA KNIFE RADIOSURGERY; HAND FOOT SYNDROME; HEART LEFT VENTRICLE EJECTION FRACTION; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; HYPOTHYROIDISM; INTERMETHOD COMPARISON; JAW OSTEONECROSIS; KIDNEY CARCINOMA; KIDNEY METASTASIS; LACRIMAL DUCT OCCLUSION; LUNG METASTASIS; METASTASIS POTENTIAL; NASOLACRIMAL DUCT STENOSIS; NAUSEA; NEEDLE BIOPSY; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; ONCOGENE RAS; OVERALL SURVIVAL; POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGRESSION FREE SURVIVAL; PROTEINURIA; RECOMMENDED DRUG DOSE; REVIEW; SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY; SIDE EFFECT; STOMATITIS; THYROID CANCER; THYROID CARCINOMA; THYROID SURGERY; TREATMENT DURATION; TREATMENT RESPONSE; TUMOR GROWTH; UNSPECIFIED SIDE EFFECT; WEIGHT REDUCTION;

EID: 84870340425     PISSN: 20908067     EISSN: 20420072     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1155/2012/618985     Document Type: Review

References (115)

1. Jemal A., Siegel R., Ward E., Hao Y., Xu J., Thun M. J., Cancer statistics, 2009. CA Cancer Journal for Clinicians 2009 59 4 225 249 2-s2.0-67650874081 10.3322/caac.20006
2. Robbins J., Merino M. J., Boice J. D., Ron E., Ain K. B., Alexander R., Norton J. A., Reynolds J., Thyroid cancer: a lethal endocrine neoplasm. Annals of Internal Medicine 1991 115 2 133 147 2-s2.0-0025864389
3. Gilliland F. D., Hunt W. C., Morris D. M., Key C. R., Prognostic factors for thyroid carcinoma: a population-based study of 15,698 cases from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) program 19731991. Cancer 1997 79 3 564 573 2-s2.0-0031028402 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19970201)79:3564::AID- CNCR20>3.0.CO;2-0 (Pubitemid 27051783)
4. Antonelli A., Fallahi P., Ferrari S. M., Carpi A., Berti P., Materazzi G., Minuto M., Guastalli M., Miccoli P., Dedifferentiated thyroid cancer: a therapeutic challenge. Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy 2008 62 8 559 563 2-s2.0-55149090490 10.1016/j.biopha.2008.07.056
5. Cooper D. S., Doherty G. M., Haugen B. R., Kloos R. T., Lee S. L., Mandel S. J., Mazzaferri E. L., McIver B., Pacini F., Schlumberger M., Sherman S. I., Steward D. L., Tuttle R. M., Revised American thyroid association management guidelines for patients with thyroid nodules and differentiated thyroid cancer. Thyroid 2009 19 11 1167 1214 2-s2.0-70449370231 10.1089/thy.2009.0110
6. Antonelli A., Miccoli P., Ferdeghini M., Di Coscio G., Alberti B., Iacconi P., Baldi V., Fallahi P., Baschieri L., Role of neck ultrasonography in the follow-up of patients operated on for thyroid cancer. Thyroid 1995 5 1 25 28 2-s2.0-0028959620
7. Franceschi M., Kusić Z., Franceschi D., Lukinac L., Ronević S., Thyroglobulin determination, neck ultrasonography and iodine-131 whole-body scintigraphy in differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Journal of Nuclear Medicine 1996 37 3 446 451 2-s2.0-0029961739
8. Frilling A., Gorges R., Tecklenborg K., Gassmann P., Bockhorn M., Clausen M., Broelsch C. E., Harness J., Lo Gerfo P., Value of preoperative diagnostic modalities in patients with recurrent thyroid carcinoma. Surgery 2000 128 6 1067 1074 2-s2.0-0033674689
9. Uruno T., Miyauchi A., Shimizu K., Tomoda C., Takamura Y., Ito Y., Miya A., Kobayashi K., Matsuzuka F., Amino N., Kuma K., Usefulness of thyroglobulin measurement in fine-needle aspiration biopsy specimens for diagnosing cervical lymph node metastasis in patients with papillary thyroid cancer. World Journal of Surgery 2005 29 4 483 485 2-s2.0-23444452083 10.1007/s00268-004-7701-0 (Pubitemid 41125373)
10. Frasoldati A., Toschi E., Zini M., Flora M., Caroggio A., Dotti C., Valcavi R., Role of thyroglobulin measurement in fine-needle aspiration biopsies of cervical lymph nodes in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. Thyroid 1999 9 2 105 111 2-s2.0-0033006730 (Pubitemid 29115529)
11. Pacini F., Fugazzola L., Lippi F., Ceccarelli C., Centoni R., Miccoli P., Elisei R., Pinchera A., Detection of thyroglobulin in fine needle aspirates of nonthyroidal neck masses: a clue to the diagnosis of metastatic differentiated thyroid cancer. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 1992 74 6 1401 1404 2-s2.0-0026777246 10.1210/jc.74.6.1401
12. Hooft L., Hoekstra O. S., Devillé W., Lips P., Teule G. J. J., Boers M., Van Tulder M. W., Diagnostic accuracy of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography in the follow-up of papillary or follicular thyroid cancer. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2001 86 8 3779 3786 2-s2.0-0034880393 10.1210/jc.86.8.3779 (Pubitemid 32755976)
13. Khan N., Oriuchi N., Higuchi T., Zhang H., Endo K., PET in the follow-up of differentiated thyroid cancer. British Journal of Radiology 2003 76 910 690 695 2-s2.0-0142060321 10.1259/bjr/31538331 (Pubitemid 37287705)
14. Robbins R. J., Wan Q., Grewal R. K., Reibke R., Gonen M., Strauss H. W., Tuttle R. M., Drucker W., Larson S. M., Real-time prognosis for metastatic thyroid carcinoma based on 2-[ 18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose-positron emission tomography scanning. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2006 91 2 498 505 2-s2.0-32544437659 10.1210/jc.2005-1534 (Pubitemid 43236915)
15. Deandreis D., desiree.deandreis@igr.fr Al Ghuzlan A., Leboulleux S., Lacroix L., Garsi J. P., Talbot M., Lumbroso J., Baudin E., Caillou B., Bidart J. M., Schlumberger M., Do histological, immunohistochemical, and metabolic (radioiodine and fluorodeoxyglucose uptakes) patterns of metastatic thyroid cancer correlate with patient outcome? Endocrine-Related Cancer 2011 18 1 159 169 10.1677/ERC-10-0233
16. Chung J. K., So Y., Lee J. S., Choi C. W., Lim S. M., Lee D. S., Hong S. W., Youn Y. K., Lee M. C., Cho B. Y., Value of FDG PET in papillary thyroid carcinoma with negative 131I whole-body scan. Journal of Nuclear Medicine 1999 40 6 986 992 2-s2.0-0033003175 (Pubitemid 29269219)
17. Alnafisi N. S., Driedger A. A., Coates G., Moote D. J., Raphael S. J., FDG PET of recurrent or metastatic 131I-negative papillary thyroid carcinoma. Journal of Nuclear Medicine 2000 41 6 1010 1015 2-s2.0-0034130683 (Pubitemid 30396649)
18. 18F]fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomographic scanning in patients with thyroid cancer. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2000 85 3 1107 1113 2-s2.0-0034335410 10.1210/jc.85.3.1107 (Pubitemid 32269357)
19. 18F]-fluorodeoxyglucoseavid metastatic thyroid cancer lesions to treatment with high-dose radioactive iodine. Thyroid 2001 11 12 1169 1175 2-s2.0-0035527426 (Pubitemid 34041898)
20. Feine U., Lietzenmayer R., Hanke J. P., Held J., Wöhrle H., Müller-Schauenburg W., Fluorine-18-FDG and iodine-131-iodide uptake in thyroid cancer. Journal of Nuclear Medicine 1996 37 9 1468 1472 2-s2.0-0029779869 (Pubitemid 26321624)
21. 18F]-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography localizes residual thyroid cancer in patients with negative diagnostic131I whole body scans and elevated serum thyroglobulin levels. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 1999 84 7 2291 2302 2-s2.0-0033237663
22. Van Bruel A. D., Maes A., De Potter T., Mortelmans L., Drijkoningen M., Van Damme B., Delaere P., Bouillon R., Clinical relevance of thyroid fluorodeoxyglucose-whole body positron emission tomography incidentaloma. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2002 87 4 1517 1520 2-s2.0-0036284317 10.1210/jc.87.4.1517 (Pubitemid 34615231)
23. Shammas A., Degirmenci B., Mountz J. M., McCook B. M., Branstetter B., Bencherif B. B., Joyce J. M., Carty S. E., Kuffner H. A., Avril N., 18F-FDG PET/CT in patients with suspected recurrent or metastatic well-differentiated thyroid cancer. Journal of Nuclear Medicine 2007 48 2 221 226 2-s2.0-34047214644 (Pubitemid 47555347)
24. 18F]fluorodeoxyglucose uptake by differentiated thyroid carcinoma. European Journal of Nuclear Medicine 2002 29 5 641 647 10.1007/s00259-001-0745-6 (Pubitemid 34439324)
25. Moog F., Linke R., Manthey N., Tiling R., Knesewitsch P., Tatsch K., Hahn K., Influence of thyroid-stimulating hormone levels on uptake of FDG in recurrent and metastatic differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Journal of Nuclear Medicine 2000 41 12 1989 1995 2-s2.0-0034518644 (Pubitemid 32038687)
26. Chin B. B., Patel P., Cohade C., Ewertz M., Wahl R., Ladenson P., Recombinant human thyrotropin stimulation of fluoro-D-glucose positron emission tomography uptake in well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2004 89 1 91 95 2-s2.0-0842334543 10.1210/jc.2003-031027 (Pubitemid 38183865)
27. 18F]-fluoro-2deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging to localize residual differentiated thyroid cancer. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2009 94 4 1310 1316 2-s2.0-65249111705 10.1210/jc.2008-1747
28. Schluter B., Bohuslavizki K. H., Beyer W., Plotkin M., Buchert R., Clausen M., Impact of FDG PET on patients with differentiated thyroid cancer who present with elevated thyroglobulin and negative 131I scan. Journal of Nuclear Medicine 2011 42 71 76
29. Helal B. O., Merlet P., Toubert M. E., Franc B., Schvartz C., Gauthier-Koelesnikov H., Prigent A., Syrota A., Clinical impact of 18F-FDG PET in thyroid carcinoma patients with elevated thyroglobulin levels and negative 131I scanning results after therapy. Journal of Nuclear Medicine 2001 42 10 1464 1469 2-s2.0-0034791012 (Pubitemid 32953124)
30. Zimmer L. A., McCook B., Meltzer C., Fukui M., Bascom D., Snyderman C., Townsend D. W., Johnson J. T., Combined positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging of recurrent thyroid cancer. OtolaryngologyHead and Neck Surgery 2003 128 2 178 184 2-s2.0-0037294355 10.1067/mhn.2003.74 (Pubitemid 36314864)
31. Simpson W. J., Panzarella T., Carruthers J. S., Gospodarowicz M. K., Sutcliffe S. B., Papillary and follicular thyroid cancer: impact of treatment in 1578 patients. International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics 1988 14 6 1063 1075 2-s2.0-0023695539
32. Samaan N. A., Schultz P. N., Haynie T. P., Ordonez N. G., Pulmonary metastasis of differentiated thyroid carcinoma: treatment results in 101 patients. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 1985 60 2 376 380 2-s2.0-0021978711 (Pubitemid 15129587)
33. Ruegemer J. J., Hay I. D., Bergstralh E. J., Ryan J. J., Offord K. P., Gorman C. A., Distant metastases in differentiated thyroid carcinoma: a multivariate analysis of prognostic variables. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 1988 67 3 501 508 2-s2.0-0023689451
34. Schlumberger M., Challeton C., de Vathaire F., Travagli J. P., Gardet P., Lumbroso J. D., Francese C., Fontaine F., Ricard M., Parmentier C., Radioactive iodine treatment and external radiotherapy for lung and bone metastases from thyroid carcinoma. Journal of Nuclear Medicine 1996 37 46 598 605 2-s2.0-0030119620 (Pubitemid 126618447)
35. Mazzaferri E. L., Kloos R. T., Current approaches to primary therapy for papillary and follicular thyroid cancer. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2001 86 4 1447 1463 2-s2.0-0035318655 10.1210/jc.86.4.1447 (Pubitemid 32374886)
36. Kloos R. T., Mazzaferri E. L., A single recombinant human thyrotropin-stimulated serum thyroglobulin measurement predicts differentiated thyroid carcinoma metastases three to five years later. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2005 90 9 5047 5057 2-s2.0-24344489445 10.1210/jc.2005-0492 (Pubitemid 41262253)
37. Sawka A. M., Thabane L., Parlea L., Ibrahim-Zada I., Tsang R. W., Brierley J. D., Straus S., Ezzat S., Goldstein D. P., Second primary malignancy risk after radioactive iodine treatment for thyroid cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Thyroid 2009 19 5 451 457 2-s2.0-67650403379
38. Shepler T. R., Sherman S. I., Faustina M. M., Busaidy N. L., Ahmadi M. A., Esmaeli B., Nasolacrimal duct obstruction associated with radioactive iodine therapy for thyroid carcinoma. Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 2003 19 6 479 481 2-s2.0-0344443330 10.1097/01.IOP.0000092802.75899.F8 (Pubitemid 37484892)
39. Kloos R. T., Duvuuri V., Jhiang S. M., Cahill K. V., Foster J. A., Burns J. A., Comment: nasolacrimal drainage system obstruction from radioactive iodine therapy for thyroid carcinoma. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2002 87 12 5817 5820 2-s2.0-0036885164 10.1210/jc.2002-020210 (Pubitemid 36034394)
40. Vassilopoulou-Sellin R., Palmer L., Taylor S., Cooksley C. S., Incidence of breast carcinoma in women with thyroid carcinoma. Cancer 1999 85 3 696 705 2-s2.0-0033082982 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19990201)85:3696::AID-CNCR20>3.0. CO;2-4 (Pubitemid 29075291)
41. Chen A. Y., Levy L., Goepfert H., Brown B. W., Spitz M. R., Vassilopoulou-Sellin R., The development of breast carcinoma in women with thyroid carcinoma. Cancer 2001 92 2 225 231 2-s2.0-0035878631 10.1002/1097-0142(20010715)92:2225::AID-CNCR1313>3.0.CO;2-B (Pubitemid 32664426)
42. de Vathaire F., Schlumberger M., Delisle M. J., Francese C., Challeton C., De La Genardiére E., Meunier F., Parmentier C., Hill C. Jr., Sancho-Garnier H., Leukaemias and cancers following iodine-131 administration for thyroid cancer. British Journal of Cancer 1997 75 5 734 739 2-s2.0-8044224686 (Pubitemid 27091090)
43. Lewis B. D., Hay I. D., Charboneau J. W., McIver B., Reading C. C., Goellner J. R., Percutaneous ethanol injection for treatment of cervical lymph node metastases in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma. American Journal of Roentgenology 2002 178 3 699 704 2-s2.0-0036176706 (Pubitemid 34178153)
44. Uchino S., Noguchi S., Yamashita H., Watanabe S., Modified radical neck dissection for differentiated thyroid cancer: operative technique. World Journal of Surgery 2004 28 12 1199 1203 2-s2.0-16644394218 10.1007/s00268-004-7604-0 (Pubitemid 40941278)
45. Avenia N., Ragusa M., Monacelli M., Calzolari F., Daddi N., Di Carlo L., Semeraro A., Puma F., Locally advanced thyroid cancer: therapeutic options. Chirurgia Italiana 2004 56 4 501 508 2-s2.0-4944259257
46. McCaffrey J. C., Evaluation and treatment of aerodigestive tract invasion by well- differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Cancer Control 2000 7 3 246 252 2-s2.0-0034091533 (Pubitemid 30387660)
47. Czaja J. M., McCaffrey T. V., The surgical management of laryngotracheal invasion by well- differentiated papillary thyroid carcinoma. Archives of OtolaryngologyHead and Neck Surgery 1997 123 5 484 490 2-s2.0-0030958526
48. Musholt T. J., Musholt P. B., Behrend M., Raab R., Scheumann G. F. W., Klempnauer J., Invasive differentiated thyroid carcinoma: tracheal resection and reconstruction procedures in the hands of the endocrine surgeon. Surgery 1999 126 6 1078 1088 2-s2.0-0032712524 10.1067/msy.2099.102267
49. Tsang R. W., Brierley J. D., Simpson W. J., Panzarella T., Gospodarowicz M. K., Sutcliffe S. B., The effects of surgery, radioiodine, and external radiation therapy on the clinical outcome of patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Cancer 1998 82 2 375 388 2-s2.0-0031963901 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19980115)82:2389::AID-CNCR19>3.0.CO;2-V (Pubitemid 28060256)
50. Farahati J., Reiners C., Stuschke M., Müller S. P., Stüben G., Sauerwein W., Sack H., Differentiated thyroid cancer: impact of adjuvant external radiotherapy in patients with perithyroidal tumor infiltration (stage pT4). Cancer 1996 77 1 172 180 2-s2.0-0030030103 10.1002/(SICI)1097- 0142(19960101)77:1172::AID-CNCR28>3.0.CO;2-1 (Pubitemid 26002754)
51. Schwartz D. L., Lobo M. J., Ang K. K., Morrison W. H., Rosenthal D. I., Ahamad A., Evans D. B., Clayman G., Sherman S. I., Garden A. S., Postoperative external beam radiotherapy for differentiated thyroid cancer: outcomes and morbidity with conformal treatment. International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics 2009 74 4 1083 1091 2-s2.0-67649556616 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2008.09. 023
52. Rosenbluth B. D., Serrano V., Happersett L., Shaha A. R., Tuttle R. M., Narayana A., Wolden S. L., Rosenzweig K. E., Chong L. M., Lee N. Y., Intensity-modulated radiation therapy for the treatment of nonanaplastic thyroid cancer. International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics 2005 63 5 1419 1426 2-s2.0-27744562123 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2005.05.043 (Pubitemid 41628037)
53. Chiu A. C., Delpassand E. S., Sherman S. I., Prognosis and treatment of brain metastases in thyroid carcinoma. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 1997 82 11 3637 3642 2-s2.0-0030664131 (Pubitemid 27509349)
54. Sherman S. I., Tuttle R. M., Kloos R. T., Thyroid carcinoma: practice guidelines in oncology. Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network 2009 1
55. McWilliams R. R., Giannini C., Hay I. D., Atkinson J. L., Stafford S. L., Buckner J. C., Management of brain metastases from thyroid carcinoma: a study of 16 pathologically confirmed cases over 25 years. Cancer 2003 98 2 356 362 2-s2.0-0038345383 10.1002/cncr.11488 (Pubitemid 36828462)
56. Kim I. Y., Kondziolka D., Niranjan A., Flickinger J. C., Lunsford L. D., Gamma knife radiosurgery for metastatic brain tumors from thyroid cancer. Journal of Neuro-Oncology 2009 93 3 355 359 2-s2.0-67349264620 10.1007/s11060-008-9783-2
57. Luster M., Lippi F., Jarzab B., Perros P., Lassmann M., Reiners C., Pacini F., rhTSH-aided radioiodine ablation and treatment of differentiated thyroid carcinoma: a comprehensive review. Endocrine-Related Cancer 2005 12 1 49 64 2-s2.0-16444375322 10.1677/erc.1.00830 (Pubitemid 40477087)
58. Eustatia-Rutten C. F. A., Romijn J. A., Guijt M. J., Vielvoye G. J., Van Den Berg R., Corssmit E. P. M., Pereira A. M., Smit J. W. A., Outcome of palliative embolization of bone metastases in differentiated thyroid carcinoma. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2003 88 7 3184 3189 2-s2.0-0038298276 10.1210/jc.2003-030231 (Pubitemid 36877492)
59. Qiu Z.-L., Song H.-J., Xu Y.-H., Luo Q.-Y., lqyn@sh163.net Efficacy and survival analysis of 131I therapy for bone metastases from differentiated thyroid cancer. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2011 96 10 3078 3086 10.1210/jc.2011-0093
60. Orita Y., y.orita@live.jp Sugitani I., Toda K., Manabe J., Fujimoto Y., Zoledronic acid in the treatment of bone metastases from differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Thyroid 2011 21 1 31 35 10.1089/thy.2010.0169
61. Ronga G., Filesi M., Montesano T., Di Nicola A. D., Pace C., Travascio L., Ventroni G., Antonaci A., Vestri A. R., Lung metastases from differentiated thyroid carcinoma. A 40 years' experience. Quarterly Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging 2004 48 1 12 19 2-s2.0-4043049584 (Pubitemid 39069659)
62. Fatourechi V., Hay I. D., Javedan H., Wiseman G. A., Mullan B. P., Gorman C. A., Lack of impact of radioiodine therapy in tg-positive, diagnostic whole-body scan-negative patients with follicular cell-derived thyroid cancer. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2002 87 4 1521 1526 2-s2.0-0036284398 10.1210/jc.87.4.1521 (Pubitemid 34615232)
63. Pineda J. D., Lee T., Ain K., Reynolds J. C., Robbins J., Iodine-131 therapy for thyroid cancer patients with elevated thyroglobulin and negative diagnostic scan. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 1995 80 5 1488 1492 2-s2.0-0029006508
64. Pacini F., Agate L., Elisei R., Capezzone M., Ceccarelli C., Lippi F., Molinaro E., Pinchera A., Outcome of differentiated thyroid cancer with detectable serum Tg and negative diagnostic 131I whole body scan: comparison of patients treated with high 131I activities versus untreated patients. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2001 86 9 4092 4097 2-s2.0-0034840812 10.1210/jc.86.9.4092 (Pubitemid 32848518)
65. Tuttle R. M., Ball D. W., Byrd D., Dilawari R. A., Doherty G. M., Duh Q.-Y., Ehya H., Farrar W. B., Haddad R. I., Kandeel F., Kloos R. T., Kopp P., Lamonica D. M., Loree T. R., Lydiatt W. M., McCaffrey J. C., Olson J. A. Jr., Parks L., Ridge J. A., Shah J. P., Sherman S. I., Sturgeon C., Waguespack S. G., Wang T. N., Wirth L. J., Thyroid carcinoma. JNCCN 2010 8 11 1228 1274
66. Droz J. P., Schlumberger M., Rougier P., Ghosn M., Gardet P., Parmentier C., Chemotherapy in metastatic nonanaplastic thyroid cancer: experience at the Institut Gustave-Roussy. Tumori 1990 76 5 480 483 2-s2.0-0025650377
67. Ahuja S., Ernst H., Chemotherapy of thyroid carcinoma. Journal of Endocrinological Investigation 1987 10 3 303 310 2-s2.0-0023191605 (Pubitemid 17097636)
68. Santini F., Bottici V., Elisei R., Montanelli L., Mazzeo S., Basolo F., Pinchera A., Pacini F., Cytotoxic effects of carboplatinum and epirubicin in the setting of an elevated serum thyrotropin for advanced poorly differentiated thyroid cancer. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2002 87 9 4160 4165 2-s2.0-0036739992 10.1210/jc.2001-011151
69. Haugen B. R., Management of the patient with progressive radioiodine non-responsive disease. Seminars in Surgical Oncology 1999 16 1 34 41 2-s2.0-0031723678
70. Gottlieb J. A., Hill C. S. Jr., Chemotherapy of thyroid cancer with adriamycin. Experience with 30 patients. The New England Journal of Medicine 1974 290 4 193 197 2-s2.0-0016401039
71. Gottlieb J. A., Hill C. S. Jr., Ibanez M. L., Clark R. L., Chemotherapy of thyroid cancer. An evaluation of experience with 37 patients. Cancer 1972 30 3 848 853 2-s2.0-0015396007
72. Ain K. B., kbainl@pop.uky.edu Egorin M. J., DeSimone P. A., Treatment of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma with paclitaxel: phase 2 trial using ninety-six-hour infusion. Thyroid 2000 10 7 587 594 (Pubitemid 30670619)
73. Fagin J. A., How thyroid tumors start and why it matters: kinase mutants as targets for solid cancer pharmacotherapy. The Journal of Endocrinology 2004 183 2 249 256 2-s2.0-9444277283 10.1677/joe.1.05895 (Pubitemid 39562707)
74. Jhiang S. M., The RET proto-oncogene in human cancers. Oncogene 2000 19 49 5590 5597 2-s2.0-0034693757
75. Jhiang S. M., Sagartz J. E., Tong Q., Parker-thornburg J., Capen C. C., Cho J. Y., Xing S., Ledent C., Targeted expression of the ret/PTC1 oncogene induces papillary thyroid carcinomas. Endocrinology 1996 137 1 375 378 2-s2.0-0029671246 10.1210/en.137.1.375
76. Zafon C., Obiols G., Castellví J., Tallada N., Baena J. A., Simó R., Mesa J., Clinical significance of RET/PTC and p53 protein expression in sporadic papillary thyroid carcinoma. Histopathology 2007 50 2 225 231 2-s2.0-33846005122 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2006.02555.x (Pubitemid 46046391)
77. Ugolini C., Giannini R., Lupi C., Salvatore G., Miccoli P., Proietti A., Elisei R., Santoro M., Basolo F., Presence of BRAF V600E in very early stages of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Thyroid 2007 17 5 381 388 2-s2.0-34249940475 10.1089/thy.2006.0305 (Pubitemid 46878840)
78. Kim T. Y., Kim W. B., Rhee Y. S., Song J. Y., Kim J. M., Gong G., Lee S., Kim S. Y., Kim S. C., Hong S. J., Shong Y. K., The BRAF mutation is useful for prediction of clinical recurrence in low-risk patients with conventional papillary thyroid carcinoma. Clinical Endocrinology 2006 65 3 364 368 2-s2.0-33747369828 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2006.02605.x
79. Xing M., Westra W. H., Tufano R. P., Cohen Y., Rosenbaum E., Rhoden K. J., Carson K. A., Vasko V., Larin A., Tallini G., Tolaney S., Holt E. H., Hui P., Umbricht C. B., Basaria S., Ewertz M., Tufaro A. P., Califano J. A., Ringel M. D., Zeiger M. A., Sidransky D., Ladenson P. W., BRAF mutation predicts a poorer clinical prognosis for papillary thyroid cancer. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2005 90 12 6373 6379 2-s2.0-28744442816 10.1210/jc.2005-0987 (Pubitemid 41759286)
80. Fagin J., Fagin J., Molecular pathogenesis of tumors of thyroid follicular cells. Thyroid Cancer 1998 Boston, Mass, USA Kluwer Academic
81. Garcia-Rostan G., Zhao H., Camp R. L., Pollan M., Herrero A., Pardo J., Wu R., Carcangiu M. L., Costa J., Tallini G., ras Mutations are associated with aggressive tumor phenotypes and poor prognosis in thyroid cancer. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2003 21 17 3226 3235 2-s2.0-0141465066 10.1200/JCO.2003.10.130 (Pubitemid 46606254)
82. Carmeliet P., Mechanisms of angiogenesis and arteriogenesis. Nature Medicine 2000 6 4 389 395 2-s2.0-0034076189 10.1038/74651 (Pubitemid 30208155)
83. Laird A. D., Cherrington J. M., Small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors: clinical development of anticancer agents. Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs 2003 12 1 51 64 2-s2.0-0037232108 10.1517/13543784.12.1.51 (Pubitemid 36104643)
84. Lennard C. M., Patel A., Wilson J., Reinhardt B., Tuman C., Fenton C., Blair E., Francis G. L., Tuttle R. M., Intensity of vascular endothelial growth factor expression is associated with increased risk of recurrence and decreased disease-free survival in papillary thyroid cancer. Surgery 2001 129 5 552 558 2-s2.0-0035034282 10.1067/msy.2001.112592 (Pubitemid 32374986)
85. Klein M., Vignaud J. M., Hennequin V., Toussaint B., Bresler L., Plénat F., Leclère J., Duprez A., Weryha G., Increased expression of the vascular endothelial growth factor is a pejorative prognosis marker in papillary thyroid carcinoma. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2001 86 2 656 658 2-s2.0-0035090293 10.1210/jc.86.2.656 (Pubitemid 32207476)
86. Kloos R. T., Ringel M. D., Knopp M. V., Phase II trial of sorafenib in metastatic thyroid cancer. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2009 27 10 1675 1684 2-s2.0-63849265332 10.1200/JCO.2008.18.2717
87. Gupta-Abramson V., Troxel A. B., Nellore A., Puttaswamy K., Redlinger M., Ransone K., Mandel S. J., Flaherty K. T., Loevner L. A., O'Dwyer P. J., Brose M. S., Phase II trial of sorafenib in advanced thyroid cancer. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2008 26 29 4714 4719 2-s2.0-50649095250 10.1200/JCO.2008.16. 3279
88. Cabanillas M. E., Waguespack S. G., Bronstein Y., Williams M. D., Feng L., Hernandez M., Lopez A., Sherman S. I., Busaidy N. L., nbusaidy@mdanderson. org Treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors for patients with differentiated thyroid cancer: the M. D. Anderson experience. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2010 95 6 2588 2595 10.1210/jc.2009-1923
89. Dong W. K., Young S. J., Hye S. J., Hyo K. C., Jung H. S., Ki C. P., Su H. P., Jung H. H., So Y. R., Gi R. K., Lee S. J., Jo K. W., Shong M., An orally administered multitarget tyrosine kinase inhibitor, SU11248, is a novel potent inhibitor of thyroid oncogenic RET/papillary thyroid cancer kinases. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 2006 91 10 4070 4076 2-s2.0-33749544080 10.1210/jc.2005-2845 (Pubitemid 44536887)
90. Dawson S. J., Conus N. M., Toner G. C., Raleigh J. M., Hicks R. J., McArthur G., Rischin D., Sustained clinical responses to tyrosine kinase inhibitor sunitinib in thyroid carcinoma. Anti-Cancer Drugs 2008 19 5 547 552 2-s2.0-42349094498 10.1097/CAD.0b013e3282fc6cf7 (Pubitemid 351556406)
91. Cohen E. E., Needles B. M., Cullen K. J., Phase 2 study of sunitinib in refractory thyroid cancer. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2008 26, article 6025
92. Ravaud A., Fouchardiere C., Courbon F., Sunitinib in patients with refractory advanced thyroid cancer: the THYSU phase II trial. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2008 26, article 6025
93. Carr L. L., Mankoff D. A., Goulart B. H., Eaton K. D., Capell P. T., Kell E. M., Bauman J. E., Martins R. G., Phase II study of daily sunitinib in FDG-PET-positive, iodine-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer and metastatic medullary carcinoma of the thyroid with functional imaging correlation. Clinical Cancer Research 2010 16 21 5260 5268 2-s2.0-78049462514 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-10-0994
94. Bible K. C., Smallridge R. C., Maples W. J., Phase II trial of pazopanib in progressive, metastatic, iodine-insensitive differentiated thyroid cancers. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2009 27, article 3521
95. Polverino A., Coxon A., Starnes C., Diaz Z., DeMelfi T., Wang L., Bready J., Estrada J., Cattley R., Kaufman S., Chen D., Gan Y., Kumar G., Meyer J., Neervannan S., Alva G., Talvenheimo J., Montestruque S., Tasker A., Patel V., Radinsky R., Kendall R., AMG 706, an oral, multikinase inhibitor that selectively targets vascular endothelial growth factor, platelet-derived growth factor, and kit receptors, potently inhibits angiogenesis and induces regression in tumor xenografts. Cancer Research 2006 66 17 8715 8721 2-s2.0-33749000911 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-05-4665 (Pubitemid 44449188)
96. Rosen L. S., Kurzrock R., Mulay M., Van Vugt A., Purdom M., Ng C., Silverman J., Koutsoukos A., Sun Y. N., Bass M. B., Xu R. Y., Polverino A., Wiezorek J. S., Chang D. D., Benjamin R., Herbst R. S., Safety, pharmacokinetics, and efficacy of AMG 706, an oral multikinase inhibitor, in patients with advanced solid tumors. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2007 25 17 2369 2376 2-s2.0-34347235531 10.1200/JCO.2006.07.8170 (Pubitemid 46999207)
97. Sherman S. I., Wirth L. J., Droz J. P., Hofmann M., Bastholt L., Martins R. G., Licitra L., Eschenberg M. J., Sun Y. N., Juan T., Stepan D. E., Schlumberger M. J., Motesanib diphosphate in progressive differentiated thyroid cancer. The New England Journal of Medicine 2008 359 1 31 42 2-s2.0-46449117698 10.1056/NEJMoa075853 (Pubitemid 351931094)
98. Rugo H. S., Herbst R. S., Liu G., Park J. W., Kies M. S., Steinfeldt H. M., Pithavala Y. K., Reich S. D., Freddo J. L., Wilding G., Phase I trial of the oral antiangiogenesis agent AG-013736 in patients with advanced solid tumors: pharmacokinetic and clinical results. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2005 23 24 5474 5483 2-s2.0-24944453855 10.1200/JCO.2005.04.192
99. Cohen E. E. W., Rosen L. S., Vokes E. E., Kies M. S., Forastiere A. A., Worden F. P., Kane M. A., Sherman E., Kim S., Bycott P., Tortorici M., Shalinsky D. R., Liau K. F., Cohen R. B., Axitinib is an active treatment for all histologic subtypes of advanced thyroid cancer: results from a phase II study. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2008 26 29 4708 4713 2-s2.0-50649095801 10.1200/JCO.2007.15.9566
100. Pennell N. A., Daniels G. H., Haddad R. I., Ross D. S., Evans T., Wirth L. J., Fidias P. H., Temel J. S., Gurubhagavatula S., Heist R. S., Clark J. R., Lynch T. J., A phase II study of gefitinib in patients with advanced thyroid cancer. Thyroid 2008 18 3 317 323 2-s2.0-40949130884 10.1089/thy.2007.0120 (Pubitemid 351415790)
101. Cabanillas M. E., Brose M. S., Ramies D. A., Lee Y., Miles D., Sherman S. I., Anti-tumor activity observed in a cohort of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer in a phase 1 study of cabozantinib (XL184). Proceedings of the 81st Annual Meeting of the American Thyroid Association, abstract 0179 2011
102. Mineo R., Costantino A., Frasca F., Sciacca L., Russo S., Vigneri R., Belfiore A., Activation of the Hepatocyte Growth Factor (HGF)-Met system in papillary thyroid cancer: biological effects of HGF in thyroid cancer cells depend on Met expression levels. Endocrinology 2004 145 9 4355 4365 2-s2.0-4344644698 10.1210/en.2003-1762 (Pubitemid 39120585)
103. Wasenius V. M., Hemmer S., Karjalainen-Lindsberg M. L., Nupponen N. N., Franssila K., Joensuu H., MET receptor tyrosine kinase sequence alterations in differentiated thyroid carcinoma. The American Journal of Surgical Pathology 2005 29 4 544 549 2-s2.0-15744373856 10.1097/01.pas.0000156103.37756.e2 (Pubitemid 40411189)
104. Kurzrock R., Sherman S. I., Hong D. S., A Phase I study of XL184, a MET, VEGFR2, a RET kinase inhibitor orally administered to patients with advanced malignancies: including a subgroup of patients with medullary thyroid cancer (MTC). Proceedings of the 20th EORTC-NCI-AACR Symposium on Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics 2008 Geneva, Switzerland. abstract no. 379
105. Sherman S., Jarzab B., Cabanillas M. E., A phase II trial of the multitargeted kinase inhibitor E7080 in advanced radioiodine (RAI)-refractory differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). Journal of Clinical Oncology 2011 29
106. Schwartz G. K., Robertson S., Shen A., A Phase i study of XL281, a potent and selective inhibitor of RAF kinases, administered orally to patients with advanced solid tumors. Proceedings of the 20th EORTC-NCI-AACR Symposium on Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics 2008 Geneva, Switzerland. Abstract no. 383
107. Flaherty K. T., Puzanov I., Kim K. B., Ribas A., McArthur G. A., Sosman J. A., O'Dwyer P. J., Lee R. J., Grippo J. F., Nolop K., Chapman P. B., Inhibition of mutated, activated BRAF in metastatic melanoma. The New England Journal of Medicine 2010 363 9 809 819 2-s2.0-77956030786 10.1056/NEJMoa1002011
108. Ain K. B., Lee C., Williams K. D., Phase II trial of thalidomide for therapy of radioiodine-unresponsive and rapidly progressive thyroid carcinomas. Thyroid 2007 17 7 663 670 2-s2.0-34548189195 10.1089/thy.2006.0289 (Pubitemid 47311556)
109. Ain K., Lee C., Holbrook K., Dziba J., Williams K., Phase II study of lenalidomide in distantly metastatic, rapidly progressive, and radioiodine-unresponsive thyroid carcinomas: preliminary results. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2008 26
110. Van Herle A. J., Agatep M. L., Padua D. N., Totanes T. L., Canlapan D. V., Van Herle H. M. L., Juillard G. J. F., Effects of 13 cis-retinoic acid on growth and differentiation of human follicular carcinoma cells (UCLA RO 82 W-1) in vitro. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 1990 71 3 755 763 2-s2.0-0025168388
111. Liu Y. Y., Stokkel M. P., Pereira A. M., Corssmit E. P., Morreau H. A., Romijn J. A., Smit J. W. A., jwasmit@lumc.nl Bexarotene increases uptake of radioiodide in metastases of differentiated thyroid carcinoma. European Journal of Endocrinology 2006 154 4 525 531 10.1530/eje.1.02123
112. Kebebew E., Peng M., Reiff E., Treseler P., Woeber K. A., Clark O. H., Greenspan F. S., Lindsay S., Duh Q. Y., Morita E., A phase II trial of rosiglitazone in patients with thyroglobulin-positive and radioiodine-negative differentiated thyroid cancer. Surgery 2006 140 6 960 967 2-s2.0-33845561938 10.1016/j.surg.2006.07.038 (Pubitemid 44937397)
113. Su Y., Tuttle R., Fury M., A phase II study of single agent depsipeptide (DEP) in patients (pts) wiht radioactive iodine (RAI)-refractory, metastatic, thyroid carcinoma: preliminary toxicity and efficacy experience. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2006 24
114. Ho L., Grewal R. K., Leboeuf R., Reacquision of RAI uptake in RAI-refractory, metastatic thyroid cancers by pretreatment with the selective MEK inhibitor, selumetinib. Proceedings of the 81st Annual Meeting of the American Thyroid Association 2011
115. Cabanillas M. E., Hu M. I., Durand J. B., Busaidy N. L., Challenges associated with tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy for metastatic thyroid cancer. Journal of Thyroid Research 2011 2011 9 985780 10.4061/2011/985780