Reply to Evans: Use of poison remains the most parsimonious explanation for Border Cave castor bean extract

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

Volumn 109, Issue 48, 2012, Pages

  D'Errico, Francesco ^a,b   Backwell, Lucinda ^c   Villa, Paola ^a,c,d   Degano, Ilaria ^e   Lucejko, Jeannette J ^e   Bamford, Marion K ^c   Higham, Thomas F G ^f   Colombini, Maria Perla ^e   Beaumont, Peter B ^g  

^a CNRS   (France)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BERGEN   (Norway)

^c UNIVERSITY OF THE WITWATERSRAND   (South Africa)

^d UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO   (United States)

^e UNIVERSITY OF PISA   (Italy)

^f UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

^g McGregor Museum   (South Africa)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CASTOR BEAN EXTRACT; CASTOR OIL; PLANT EXTRACT; POISON; RICIN; RICINOLEIC ACID; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; UNSATURATED FATTY ACID;

CHROMATOGRAPHY; HUMAN; ISOMERIZATION; LETTER; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN DEGRADATION; PROTEOMICS; RICINUS COMMUNIS;

RICINUS COMMUNIS;

EID: 84870336314     PISSN: 00278424     EISSN: 10916490     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1214711109     Document Type: Letter

References (6)

1. Evans AA (2012) Arrow poisons in the Palaeolithic? Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 109:E3290.
2. d'Errico F, et al. (2012) Early evidence of San material culture represented by organic artifacts from Border Cave, South Africa. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 109(33):13214-13219.
3. Shaw EM, Woolley PL, Rae FA (1963) Bushman arrow poisons. Cimbebasia 7(2):2-41.
4. Schapera I (1923) Bushman arrow poisons. Bantu Studies 2(1):199-214.
5. Copley MS, Bland HA, Rose P, Horton M, Evershed RP (2005) Gas chromatographic, mass spectrometric and stable carbon isotopic investigations of organic residues of plant oils and animal fats employed as illuminants in archaeological lamps from Egypt. Analyst (Lond) 130(6):860-871.
6. Colombini MP, Modugno F, eds (2009) Organic Mass Spectrometry in Art and Archaeology (Wiley, New York).