Cardiac sarcoidosis: Diagnosis and management

Current Treatment Options in Cardiovascular Medicine

Volumn 14, Issue 6, 2012, Pages 652-664

  Bussinguer, Michelle ^a   Danielian, Alfred ^b   Sharma, Om P ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CONNECTICUT HEALTH CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Cardiac sarcoidosis; Granuloma; Granulomatous; Sarcoidosis

Indexed keywords

AZATHIOPRINE; CHLOROQUINE; CYCLOSPORIN; FLUORODEOXYGLUCOSE; GALLIUM 67; GLUCOCORTICOID; HYDROXYCHLOROQUINE; INFLIXIMAB; METHOTREXATE; METHOXY ISOBUTYL ISONITRILE TECHNETIUM TC 99M; PREDNISONE; THALLIUM 201; WARFARIN;

ANGIOCARDIOGRAPHY; ARTICLE; AVASCULAR NECROSIS; CATARACT; CATHETER ABLATION; CLINICAL FEATURE; CUSHING SYNDROME; DRUG COST; DRUG DOSE REDUCTION; ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY; ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY; EXERCISE ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY; GLAUCOMA; HEART MUSCLE BIOPSY; HEART TRANSPLANTATION; HOLTER MONITORING; HUMAN; HYPERGLYCEMIA; HYPERTENSION; IMPLANTABLE CARDIOVERTER DEFIBRILLATOR; INSOMNIA; MYOPATHY; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; OSTEOPOROSIS; PACEMAKER; PEPTIC ULCER; POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PSYCHOSIS; SARCOIDOSIS; SCINTISCANNING; SIDE EFFECT; SKIN BRUISING; TREATMENT CONTRAINDICATION; WEIGHT GAIN; WOUND HEALING IMPAIRMENT;

EID: 84870299108     PISSN: 10928464     EISSN: 15343189     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s11936-012-0208-3     Document Type: Article

References (76)

1. The pathology of pulmonary sarcoidosis: update. Ma Y, Gal A, Koss MN. Semin Diagn Pathol. 2007 Aug;24(3):150-61. Review. PMID: 17882899 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] (Pubitemid 47238581)
2. Chapelon-Abric C, de Zuttere D, Duhaut P, et al. Cardiac sarcoidosis: a retrospective study of 41 cases. Medicine (Baltimore). 2004;83:315-34 (Pubitemid 39541109)
3. Kim JS, Judson MA, Donnino R, et al. Cardiac sarcoidosis. Am Heart J. 2009;157:9.
4. Thomsen TK, Eriksson T. Myocardial sarcoidosis in forensic medicine. AmJ Forensic Med Pathol. 1999;20:52.
5. Sharma OP, Maheshwari A, Thaker K. Myocardial sarcoidosis. Chest. 1993;103:253-8. (Pubitemid 23027268)
6. Matsui Y, Iwai K, Tachibana T, et al. Clinicopathological study on fatal myocardial sarcoidosis. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1976;278:455-69.
7. Iwai K, Sekiguti M, Hosoda Y, et al. Racial difference in cardiac sarcoidosis incidence observed at autopsy. Sarcoidosis. 1994;11:26-31.
8. Perry A, Vuitch F. Causes of death in patients with sarcoidosis: a morphologic study of 38 autopsies with clinicopathologic correlations. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1995;119:167-72.
9. Fleming HA. Sarcoid heart disease. Br Heart J 1974;36:54-68.
10. Roberts WC, McAllister Jr HA, Ferrans VJ. Sarcoidosis of the heart. A clinicopathologic study of 35 necropsy patients (group 1) and review of 78 previously described necropsy patients (group 11). Am J Med. 1977;63:86-108. (Pubitemid 8146656)
11. Angomachalelis N, Hourzamanis A, Salem N, et al. Pericardial effusion concomitant with specific heart musle disease in systemic sarcoidosis. Postgrad Med J. 1994;70 Suppl 1:S8-S12. (Pubitemid 24276903)
12. Garret J, O'Neill H, Blake S. Constrictive pericarditis associated with sarcoidosis. Am Heart J. 1984;107:394. (Pubitemid 14181933)
13. Israel RH, Poe RH. Massive pericardial effusion in sarcoidosis. Respiration. 1994;61:176-80. (Pubitemid 24157492)
14. Verkleeren JL, Glover MU, Bloor C, et al. Cardiac tamponade secondary to sarcoidosis. Am Heart J. 1983;106:601-3. (Pubitemid 13050640)
15. Shorr AF, Helman DL, Davies DB, Nathan SD. Pulmonary hypertension in advanced sarcoidosis: epidemiology and clinical characteristics. Eur Respir J. 2005;25:783-8. (Pubitemid 40667674)
16. Handa T, Uozato H, Higa R, et al. Incidence of pulmonary hypertension and its clinical relevance in patients with sarcoidosis. Chest. 2006;129:1246-52.
17. Nunes H, Humbert M, Capron F, et al. Pulmonary hypertension associated with sarcoidosis: mechanisms, haemodynamics and prognosis. Thorax. 2006;61:68-74. (Pubitemid 43106981)
18. Hiraga, H, Yuwai, K, Hiroe, M, et al. Guidelines for the diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis: Study Report of Diffuse Pulmonary Diseases. The Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare 1993; pp. 23-24
19. Smedema JP, Snoep G, van Kroonenburgh MP, et al. Evaluation of the accuracy of gadolinium-enhanced cardiovascular magnetic resonance in the diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005;45:1683.]
20. Uemura A, Morimoto S, Hiramitsu S, et al. Histologic diagnostic rate of cardiac sarcoidosis: evaluation of endomyocardial biopsies. Am Heart J. 1999;138:299-302. (Pubitemid 29379681)
21. Ratner SJ, Fenoglio JJ, Ursell P. Utility of endomyocardial biopsy in the diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis.Chest. 1986;90:528-33. (Pubitemid 17191564)
22. Silverman KJ, Hutchins GM, Buckley BH. Cardiac Sarcoid: a clinicopathologic study of 84 unselected patients with systemic sarcoidosis. Circulation. 1978;58:1204-11. (Pubitemid 9092005)
23. Suzuki T, Kanda T, Kubota S, et al. Holter monitoring as a noninvasive indicator of cardiac involvement in sarcoidosis. Chest. 1994;106:1021.
24. Kinney EL, Jackson GL, Reeves WC, et al. Thalliumscan myocardial defects and echocardiographic abnormalities in patients with sarcoidosis without clinical cardiac dysfunction: an analysis of 44 patients. Am J Med. 1980;68:497-503. (Pubitemid 10141813)
25. Fahy GJ, Marwick T, McCreery CJ, et al. Doppler echocardiographic detection of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis. Chest. 1996;109:62-6. (Pubitemid 26017594)
26. Burstow DJ, Tajik AJ, Bailey KR, et al. Two-dimensional echocardiographic findings in systemic sarcoidosis. Am J Cardiol. 1989;63:478-82. (Pubitemid 19065326)
27. Lewin RF, Mor R, Spitzer S, et al. Echocardiographic evaluation of patients with systemic sarcoidosis. Am Heart J. 1985;110:116-22. (Pubitemid 16119690)
28. 201thallium for myocardial perfusion imaging in sarcoid heart disease. Chest. 1977;72:27-32. (Pubitemid 8144199)
29. Haywood LJ, Sharma OP, Siegel ME, et al. Detection of myocardial sarcoidosis by thallium-201 imaging. J Natl Med Assoc. 1982;74:959.
30. Tellier P, Paycha F, Antony I, et al. Reversibility by dipyridamole of thallium-201 myocardial defects in patients with sarcoidosis. Am J Med.1988;85:189-93.
31. Mañá J. Nuclear imaging. 67Gallium, 201thallium, 18F-labeled fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography. Clin Chest Med. 1997;18:799.
32. Le Guludec D, Menad F, Faraggi M, et al. Myocardial sarcoidosis: clinical value of technetium-99m sestamibi tomoscintigraphy. Chest.1994;106:1675-168.
33. Eguchi M, Tsuchihashi K, Hotta D, et al. Technetium 99m sestamibi/tetrofosmin myocardial perfusion scanning in cardiac and noncardiac sarcoidosis. Cardiology. 2000;94:193-9. (Pubitemid 32250150)
34. Okayama K, Kurata C, Tawarahara K, et al. Diagnostic and prognostic value of myocardial scintigraphy with thallium-201 and gallium-67 in cardiac sarcoidosis. Chest. 1995;107:330.
35. Kiuchi S, Teraoka K, Koizumi K, et al. Usefulness of late gadolinium enhancement combined with MRI and 67-Ga scintigraphy in the diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis and disease activity evaluation. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging. 2007;23:237.
36. Tadamura E, Yamamuro M, Kubo S, et al. Effectiveness of delayed enhanced MRI for identification of cardiac sarcoidosis: comparison with radionuclide imaging. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2005;185:110-5.
37. Shimada T, Shimada K, Sakane T, et al. Diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis and evaluation of the effects of steroid therapy by gadolinium-DTPA-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Am J Med. 2001;110:520.
38. Matsuki M, Matsuo M. MR findings of myocardial sarcoidosis. Clin Radiol 2000;55:323-5. (Pubitemid 32054524)
39. Smedema JP, Snoep G, van Kroonenburgh MP, et al. The additional value of gadolinium-enhanced MRI to standard assessment for cardiac involvement in patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis. Chest. 2005;128:1629.
40. Vignaux O, Dhote R, Duboc D, et al. Clinical significance of myocardial magnetic resonance abnormalities in patients with sarcoidosis: a 1-year follow-up study. Chest. 2002;122:1895.
41. Patel MR, Cawley PJ, Heitner JF, et al. Detection of myocardial damage in patients with sarcoidosis. Circulation. 2009;120:1969.
42. Yamagishi H, Shirai N, Takagi M, et al. Identification of cardiac sarcoidosis with (13)N-NH(3)/(18)F-FDG PET. J Nucl Med. 2003;44:1030-6. (Pubitemid 39663376)
43. Butany J, Bahl NE, Morales K, et al. The intricacies of cardiac sarcoidosis: a case report involving the coronary arteries and a review of the literature. Cardiovasc Pathol. 2006;15:222.
44. Takada K, Ina Y, Yamamoto M, et al. Prognosis after pacemaker implantation in cardiac sarcoidosis in Japan. Clinical evaluation of corticosteroid therapy. Sarcoidosis. 1994;11:113.
45. Yazaki Y, Isobe M, Hiroe M, et al. Prognostic determinants of long-term survival in Japanese pa ients with cardiac sarcoidosis treated with prednisone. Am J Cardiol. 2001;88:1006.
46. du Bois RM. Corticosteroids in sarcoidosis: friend or foe? Eur Respir J. 1994;7:1203.
47. Baughman RP, Sharma OP, Lynch III JP. Sarcoidosis: is therapy effective? Semin Respir Infect. 1998;13:255-73.x (Pubitemid 28440843)
48. Lower EE, Baughman RP. Prolonged use of methotrexate for sarcoidosis. Arch Intern Med. 1995;155:846-51. doi:10.1001/archinte.155.8.846.
49. Webster GF, Razsi LK, Sanchez M, et al. Weekly lowdose methotrexate therapy for cutaneous sarcoidosis. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1991;24:451-4.
50. Baughman RP, Lower EE. A clinical approach to the use of methotrexate for sarcoidosis. Thorax. 1999;54:742-6. (Pubitemid 29341413)
51. Pacheco Y, Marechal C, Marechal F, et al. Azathioprine treatment of chronic pulmonary sarcoidosis. Sarcoidosis. 1985;2:107.
52. Müller-Quernheim J, Kienast K, Held M, et al. Treatment of chronic sarcoidosis with an azathioprine/ prednisolone regimen. Eur Respir J. 1999;14:1117.
53. Baughman RP, Lower EE. Infliximab for refractory sarcoidosis. Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis. 2001;18:70.
54. Baughman RP, Drent M, Kavuru M, et al. Infliximab therapy in patients with chronic sarcoidosis and pulmonary involvement. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2006;174:795.
55. Rossman MD, Newman LS, Baughman RP, et al. A double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of infliximab in subjects with active pulmonary sarcoidosis. Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis. 2006;23:201.
56. Doty JD, Mazure JE, Judson MA. Treatment of sarcoidosis with infliximab. Chest. 2005;127:1064-71. (Pubitemid 40775543)
57. Roberts SD, Wilkes DS, Burgett RA, Knox KS. Refractory sarcoidosis responding to infliximab. Chest. 2003;124:2028-31. (Pubitemid 37433610)
58. Uthman I, Touma Z, Khoury M. Cardiac sarcoidosis responding to monotherapy with infliximab. Clin Rheumatol. 2007;26:2001-3. (Pubitemid 47516998)
59. Shammas RL, Movahed A. Sarcoidosis of the heart. Clin Cardiol. 1993;16:462-72. (Pubitemid 23164232)
60. Ahmad K, Kim YH, Spitzer AR, et al. Total nodal radiation in progressive sarcoidosis. Case report Am J Clin Oncol. 1992;15:311.
61. Jefic D, Joel B, Good E, et al. Role of radiofrequency catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia in cardiac sarcoidosis: report from a multicenter registry. Heart Rhythm. 2009;6:189.
62. Bohnen M, Stevenson WG, Tedrow UB, et al. Incidence and predictors of major complications from contemporary catheter ablation to treat cardiac arrhythmias. Heart Rhythm. 2011;8(11):1661.
63. Kay GN, Epstein AE, Dailey SM, Plumb VJ. Role of radiofrequency ablation in the management of supraventricular arrhythmias: experience in 760 consecutive patients. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 1993;4 (4):371.
64. Chen SA, Chiang CE, Tai CT, et al. Complications of diagnostic electrophysiologic studies and radiofrequency catheter ablation in patients wit tachyarrhythmias: an eight-year survey of 3,966 consecutive procedures in a tertiary referral center. Am J Cardiol. 1996;77(1): 41.
65. Scheinman MM, Huang S. The 1998 NASPE prospective catheter ablation registry. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2000;23(6):1020.
66. Bubien RS, Knotts-Dolson SM, Plumb VJ, Kay GN. Effect of radiofrequency catheter ablation on healthrelated quality of life and activities of daily living in patients with recurrent arrhythmias. Circulation. 1996;94:158-91.
67. Strickberger SA, Man KC, Daoud EG, et al. A prospective evaluation of catheter ablation of ventricular tachycardia as adjuvant therapy in patients with coronary artery disease and an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator. Circulation. 1997;96:1525-31. (Pubitemid 27375347)
68. Crandall MA, Bradley DJ, Packer DL, Asirvatham SJ. Contemporary management of atrial fibrillation: update on anticoagulation and invasive management strategies. Mayo Clin Proc. 2009;84:643-62.
69. Winters SL, Cohen M, Greenberg S, et al. Sustained ventricular tachycardia associated with sarcoidosis: assessment of the underlying cardiac anatomy and the prospective utility of programmed ventricular stimulation, drug therapy and an implantable antitachycardia device. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1991;18:937.
70. Bajaj AK, Kopelman HA, Echt DS. Cardiac sarcoidosis with sudden death: treatment with the automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillator. Am Heart J. 1988;116:557.
71. Epstein AE, DiMarco JP, Ellenbogen KA, et al. ACC/AHA/HRS 2008 Guidelines for Device-Based Therapy of Cardiac Rhythm Abnormalities: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the ACC/AHA/NASPE 2002 Guideline Update for Implantation of Cardiac Pacemakers and Antiarrhythmia Devices) developed in collaborationwith the American Association for Thoracic Surgery and Society of Thoracic Surgeons. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008;51:e1.
72. Wood MA, Ellenbogen KA. Cardiology patient pages. Cardiac pacemakers from the patient's perspective. Circulation. 2002;105(18):2136.
73. Zaidi AR, Zaidi A, Vaitkus PT. Outcome of heart transplantation in patients with sarcoid cardiomyopathy. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2007;26:714.
74. Valantine HA, Tazelaar HD, Macoviak J, et al. Cardiac sarcoidosis: response to steroids and transplantation. J Heart Transplant. 1987;6:244-50.
75. Oni AA, Hershberger RE, Norman DJ, et al. Recurrence of sarcoidosis in a cardiac allograft: control with augmented corticosteroids. J Heart Lung Transplant. 1992;11:367.
76. Taylor DO, Stehlik J, Edwards LB, et al. Registry of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation: Twenty-sixth Official Adult Heart Transplant Report-2009. J Heart Lung Transplant. 2009;28 (10):1007.