The cultural and economic globalisation of traditional environmental knowledge systems

Landscape, Process and Power: Re-evaluating Traditional Environmental Knowledge

Volumn 10, Issue , 2009, Pages 68-98

  Alexiades, Miguel N ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84870293918     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (178)

1. Abu-Lughod, J. 1989. Before European Hegemony The World System AD1250-1350. New York: Oxford University Press.
2. Agrawal, A. 1995. 'Indigenous and Scientific Knowledge: Some Critical Comments' Indigenous Knowledge Monitor 3(3): 3-6. http://www.nuffic.nl/ciran/ikdm/3-3/articles/agrawal.html
3. Agrawal, A. 2002. 'Indigenous Knowledge and the Politics of Classification'. International Social Science Journal 54 (173): 287-297.
4. Alcorn, J.B. 1995. 'Ethnobotanical knowledge systems - A Resource for Meeting Rural Development Goals' Pages 1-12 in D. Warren, L.J. Slikkerveer and D. Brokensha, eds., The Cultural Dimension of Development. Indigenous Knowledge Systems. London: Intermediate Technology Publications.
5. Alexiades, M.N. 2003. 'Ethnobotany in the Third Millennium: Expectations and Unresolved Issues' Delpinoa 45: 15-28.
6. Alexiades, M.N. 2004. 'Ethnobotany and Globalisation: Science and Ethics at the Turn of the Century' in: T.J.S. Carlson and L. Maffi, eds., Ethnobotany and Conservation of Biocultural Diversity. Bronx: The New York Botanical Gardens Press, pp. 283-305.
7. Alexiades, M.N. and S.A. Laird. 2002. 'Laying the Foundation: Equitable Biodiversity Relationships' in S.A. Laird, ed., Biodiversity and Traditional Knowledge: Equitable Partnerships in Practice. London: Earthscan, pp.3-15.
8. Anani, Kofi. 1999. 'Sustainable Governance of Livelihoods in Rural Africa: A Place-Based Response to Globalism in Africa' Development 42(2): 57-63.
9. Appadurai, A. 1994. 'Disjuncture and Difference in the Global Cultural Economy' in Williams and L. Chrisman (eds.), Colonial Discourses and Postcolonial Theory. New York: Columbia University Press, pp. 324-339.
10. Atran, S. 1990. Cognitive Foundations of Natural History: Towards an Anthropology of Science. Cambridge: University Press.
11. Aubry, J. and A. Mcilroy. 1994. 'PQ Halts Great Whale Hydro Project: Cree Chief Celebrates Victory' The Ottawa Citizen, Saturday November 19, 1994, final edition, A1.
12. Balick, M. J. 1979. 'Amazonian Oil Palms of Promise: A Survey' Economic Botany 33:11-28.
13. Balick, M. J. E. Elisabetsky and S. Laird. 1996. Medicinal Resources of the Tropical Forest:Biodiversity and Its Importance to Human Health. New York: Columbia University Press.
14. Bannerman, R.H., J. Burton, and C. Wen-Chieh, eds., 1983. Traditional Medicine and Health Care Coverage: A Reader for Health Administrators and Practitioners. Albany:World Health Organization.
15. Banuri, T. 1990. 'Modernization and Its Discontents: A Cultural Perspective on Theories of Development' in Marglin, F.A. and S.A. Marglin (eds), Dominating Knowledge: Development, Culture and Resistance. Oxford: Clarendon Press, pp. 73-101.
16. Bell, D. 1999 [1973]. The Coming of Post-Industrial Society: A Venture in Social Forecasting. Special Anniversary Edition. New York: Basic Books.
17. Bentley, J. 1992. 'Alternatives to Pesticides in Central America: Applied Studies of Local Knowledge' Culture and Agriculture 44: 10-13.
18. Bérard, L. and P. Marchenay. 1995. 'Tradition, Regulation, and Intellectual Property:Local Agricultural Products and Foodstuffs in France' in S.B. Brush and D. Stabinsky, eds., Valuing Local Knowledge. Indigenous People and Intellectual Property Rights. Washington DC: Island Press, pp. 230-243.
19. Bergsen, A.J. 2000. 'Postmodernism Explained' in T.D. Hall, ed., A World Systems Reader. New York: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers, pp.181-192.
20. Berkes, F., J. Colding and C. Folke. 2000. 'Rediscovery of Traditional Ecological Knowledge as Adaptive Management' Ecological Applications 10: 1251-1262.
21. Berlin, B., D.E. Breedlove and P.H. Raven. 1974. Principles of Tzeltal Plant Classification; An Introduction to the Botanical Ethnography of a Mayan-Speaking People of Highland Chiapas. New York: Academic Press.
22. Blim, M. 2000. 'Capitalisms in Late Modernity' Annual Review of Anthropology. 29:25-38
23. Blunt, P. and D.M. Warren. 1996. Indigenous Organizations and Development. London:Intermediate Technology Press.
24. Böröcz, J. and D.A. Smith. 1995. 'Introduction: Late Twentieth-Century Challenges for World-System Analysis' in D.A. Smith and J. Böröcz, eds., A New World Order? Global Transformations in the Late Twentieth Century. Westport: Greenwood Press, pp.1-15.
25. Brockelman, W.Y., M. Griffiths, M. Rao, R. Ruf, and N. Salafsky, 2002. 'Enforcement mechanisms' in J. Terborgh, C. van Schaik, L. Davenport and M. Rao, eds., Making Parks Work. Strategies for Preserving Tropical Nature. Washington DC:Island Press, pp. 265-278.
26. Brokensha, D., D.M. Warren and O. Werner. 1980. Indigenous Knowledge Systems and Development. Lanham: University Press of America.
27. Brosius, J.P. 2000. 'Endangered forest, endangered people: environmentalist representations of indigenous knowledge' in R.F. Ellen, P. Parkes and A. Bicker, eds., Indigenous Knowledge and Its Transformations: Critical Anthropological Perspectives. Amsterdam: Harwood Academic Publishers, pp. 293-317. (Originally published in Human Ecology 25(1): 47-69).
28. Brosius, J.P. 2002. 'Seeing Natural and Cultural Communities: Technologies of Visualization in Contemporary Conservation.' Paper presented at the Society for Conservation Biology 16th Annual Meeting 14-19 July 2002, Canterbury, Kent.
29. Brown, M.F. 1998. 'Can Culture Be Copyrighted?' Current Anthropology 39(2): 193-222.
30. Brush, S.B. 1993. 'Indigenous Knowledge of Biological Resources and Intellectual Property Rights: The Role of Anthropology' American Anthropologist 95(3):653-686.
31. Brysk, A. 2000. From Tribal Village to Global Village: Indian Rights and International Relations in Latin America. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
32. Burger, J. 1987. Report from the Frontier: The State of the World's Indigenous Peoples. London: Zed.
33. Busch, L., W.B. Lacy, J. Burkhardt, and L.R. Lacy. 1999. Plants, Power and Profit. Social, Economic and Ethical Consequences of the New Biotechnologies. Cambridge and Oxford: Basil Blackwell.
34. Castells, M. 1993. 'The Information Economy and the New International Order' in M. Carnoy, M. Castells and S.S. Cohen, eds., The Global Economy in the Information Age. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, pp. 15-44.
35. Chambers, R. 1983. Rural Development: Putting the Last First. London, Longman.
36. Clark, A.K. 1997. 'Globalisation Seen from the Margins: Indigenous Ecuadorians and the Politics of Place' Anthropologica 39: 17-26.
37. Clement, C.R. and M.N. Alexiades. 2000. 'Etnobotânica e biopirataria na Amazônia'. in T.B. Cavalcanti and B.M. Teles Walter, eds., Tópicos Atuais Em Botânica -Palestras Convidadas do 51° Congresso Nacional de Botânica. Brasília: Sociedade Botânica do Brasil, pp.250-252.
38. Coker, A. and C. Richards, eds., 1992. Valuing the Environment: Economic Approaches to Environmental Evaluation. Boca Raton: CRC Press.
39. Colchester, M. 2002. 'Indigenous Rights and the Collective Conscious' Anthropology Today 18(1): 1-3.
40. Connor, E.A. 1994. 'The Global Political Economy of Communication and International Political Economy' in E.A. Connor, ed., The Global Political Economy of Communication: Hegemony, Telecommunications and the Information Economy. New York: St. Martin's Press, pp.1-19.
41. Conklin, H.C. 1969. 'An Ethnoecological Approach to Shifting Agriculture' in P. Vayda, editor, Environment and Cultural Behavior: Ecological Studies in Cultural Anthropology. Austin: University of Texas Press, pp.221-233.
42. Conklin, B.A. and L.R. Graham. 1995. 'The Shifting Middle Ground: Amazonian Indians and Eco-politics' American Anthropologist 97(4): 695-710.
43. Cordillera Peoples Alliance (CPA), PACOS Trust, Center for Orang Asli Concerns (COAC), and Anthrowatch. 2005. Indigenous Peoples and Local Government:Experiences from Malaysia and the Philippines. IWGIA Document No. 113. Copenhagen: International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs, IWGIA.
44. Cornell, S. 1988. The Return of the Native: American Indian Political Resurgence. New York, Oxford University Press.
45. Cox, R.W. 1994. 'Global Restructuring: Making Sense of the Changing International Political Economy' in R. Stubbs and G.R.D. Underhill, eds.,Political Economy and the Changing Global Order. New York: St. Martin's Press, pp. 45-59.
46. Cox, R.W. 1997. 'A Perspective on Globalisation' in J.H. Mittelman, ed., Globalisation:Critical Reflections. Boulder and London: Lynne Rienner Publishers, pp. 21-30.
47. Dahl, J., J. Hicks and P.J. Nunavut, eds., 2000. Inuit Regain Control of their Lands and Their Lives. IWGIA Document No. 102. Copenhagen: International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs, IWGIA.
48. DeWalt, B.R. 1994. 'Using Indigenous Knowledge to Improve Agriculture and Natural Resource Management' Human Organization 53(2): 123-131.
49. Downes, D. and S.A. Laird, 1999. Innovative Mechanisms for Sharing Benefits of Biodiversity and Related Knowledge: Case Studies on Geographical Indications and Trademarks. Report Prepared for UNCTAD Biotrade Initiative.
50. Drahos, P. 2001. 'Negotiating Intellectual Property Rights: between Coercion and Dialogue.' Paper presented at the Oxfam-International Seminar on 'Intellectual Property and Development: What Future for the WTO TRIPs Agreement?,' Brussels, 20 March 2001. Unpublished draft circulated on BIO-IPR with the permission of the author, April 2001.
51. Dutfield, G. 2002. Intellectual Property Rights, Trade, and Biodiversity. London, Earthscan.
52. Edelman M. 1999. Peasants Against Globalisation: Rural Social Movements in Costa Rica. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
53. Edelman M. 2001. 'Social Movements: Changing Paradigms and Forms of Politics' Annual Review of Anthropology 30: 285-317.
54. Edwards, V.M. 1995. Dealing in Diversity: America's Market for Nature Conservation. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.
55. Ekins, P. 1992. A New World Order: Grassroots Movements for Global Change. London and New York: Routledge.
56. Ellen, R. F. 1986. 'What Black Elk Left Unsaid: On the Illusory Images of Green Primitivism' Anthropology Today 2(6): 8-12.
57. Ellen, R. F. 1993. The Cultural Relations of Classification: An Analysis of Nualu Animal Categories from Central Seram. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
58. Ellen, R. F. and H. Harris. 2000. 'Indigenous Knowledge and Its Transformations. Critical Anthropological Perspectives' in R.F. Ellen, P. Parkes and A. Bicker, eds., Indigenous Knowledge and its Transformations: Critical Anthropological Perspectives. Amsterdam: Harwood Academic Publishers, pp. 1-29.
59. Ellen, R. F. and H. Harris P. Parkes and A. Bicker, eds., 2000. Indigenous Knowledge and its Transformations: Critical Anthropological Perspectives. Amsterdam, Harwood Academic Publishers.
60. Escobar, A. and S.E. Alvarez, editors. 1992. The Making of Social Movements in Latin America: Identity, Strategy, and Democracy. Boulder: Westview.
61. Falk, R. 1993. 'The Making of Global Citizenship' in J. Brecher, J.B. Childs and J. Cutler eds., Global Visions: Beyond the New World Order. Boston: South End Press, pp. 39-50.
62. Fairhead, J. and M. Leach. 1996. Misreading the African Landscape: Society and Ecology in a Forest-Savanna Mosaic. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
63. Feder, B.J. 1999. 'Plant Sterility Research Inflames Debate on Biotechnology's Role in Farming'. The New York Times April 19, 1999: Section A, Page 18, Column 1; National Desk.
64. Fernández J., A.E. and A. Mommen. 1998. 'Globalisation versus Regionalization' in A.E. Fernández J. and A. Mommen, Regionalization and Globalisation in the Modern World Economy: Perspectives on the Third World and Transitional Economies. London and New York: Routledge, pp.1-26.
65. Finger, M. 1994. 'NGOs and Transformation: Beyond Social Movement Theory' in T. Princen and M. Finger, eds., Environmental NGOs in World Politics: Linking the Local and the Global. London and New York: Routledge, pp. 48-66.
66. Fisher, J. 1993. The Road from Rio: Sustainable Development and the Nongovernmental Movement in the Third World. Westport: Praeger.
67. Fisher, J. 1996. 'Grassroots Organizations and Grassroots Support Organizations:Patterns Of Interaction' in E. Moran, ed., Transforming Societies, Transforming Anthropology. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, pp.57-102.
68. Fisher, W.H. 1994. 'Megadevelopment, Environmentalism, and Resistance: The Institutional Context of Kayapó Indigenous Politics in Central Brazil' Human Organization 53(3): 220-232.
69. van de Fliert, L., compiler. 1994. Indigenous Peoples and International Organizations. Nottingham: Spokesman.
70. Freese, C.H. 1998. Wild Species as Commodities: Managing Markets and Ecosystems for Sustainability. Washington DC: Island Press.
71. Friedman, J. 1998. 'Transnationalization, Socio-Political Disorder and Ethnification as Expressions of Declining Global Hegemony' International Political Science Review 119(3): 233-250.
72. Funtowicz, S. and J. Ravetz. 1991. 'A New Scientific Methodology for Global Environmental Issues' in R. Costanza, ed., Ecological Economics: The Science and Management of Sustainability. New York: Columbia University Press, pp.137-152.
73. Gardner, K. 1995. 'An Anthropological Critique of Development: The Growth of Ignorance,' book review. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute 1(1):186-187.
74. Gereffi, G. 2000 [1994]. 'Rethinking Development Theory: Insights from East Asia and Latin America' in J.T. Roberts and A. Hite, eds., From Modernization to Globalisation: Perspectives on Development and Social Change. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, pp.228-254.
75. Goodman, R.T. 2001.'The Rainforest Rape' in Infertilities: Exploring Fictions of Barren Bodies. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, pp.165-190.
76. Grimes, P. 2000. 'Recent Research on World-Systems'. in T.D. Hall, ed., AWorld-Systems Reader. New Perspectives on Gender, Urbanization, Cultures, Indigenous Peoples, and Ecology. New York: Rowman and Littlefield, pp. 29-55.
77. Hall, T.D. 2000. 'Frontiers, Ethnogenesis and World-Systems: Rethinking the Theories' in T.D. Hall, ed., A World Systems Reader. New York: Rowman and Littlefield, pp. 237-270.
78. Harvey, D. 2000 [1992]. 'Capitalism: The Factory of Fragmentation' in J.T. Roberts and A. Hite, eds., From Modernization to Globalisation: Perspectives on Development and Social Change. Malden: Blackwell Publishers, pp. 247-291.
79. Haugerud, A., M.P. Stone, and P.D. Little. 2000. Commodities and Globalisation:Anthropological Perspectives. Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers.
80. Heinrich, M. 2000. "Ethnobotany and Its Role in Drug Development" Phytotherapy Research 14: 479-488.
81. Holm, H.-H. and G. Sorensen. 1995. Whose World Order? Uneven Globalisation and the End of the Cold War. Boulder: Westview Press.
82. Holton, R.J. 1998. Globalisation and the Nation-State. New York: St. Martin's Press.
83. Howes, M. 1980. 'The uses of indigenous technical knowledge in development' in D.W. Brokensha, D.M. Warren and O. Werner, eds., Indigenous Knowledge Systems and Development. Lanham: University Press of America, pp. 341-357.
84. Inayatullah, S. 1997. 'Global Transformations' Development 40(2): 33-37.
85. Ingold, T. 1993. 'Globes and Spheres: The Topology of Environmentalism' in K. Milton, ed., Environmentalism: The View from Anthropology. New York:Routledge, pp. 31-42
86. Jackson, J. 2002. 'ACTA Report Criticizes Professors' Anthropology News, March 2002: 7.
87. Jackson, M. 2002. 'Biotechnology and the Critique of Globalisation' Ethnos 67(2):141-154.
88. Joralemon, D. 1990. 'The Selling of the Shaman and the Problem of Informant Legitimacy' Journal of Anthropological Research 46(2): 105-117.
89. Kane, H. 1997. 'Half of Languages Becoming Extinct' in L.R. Brown, M. Renner and C. Flavin, eds., Vital Signs, 1997: The Environmental Trends That Are Shaping Our Future. New York: W.W. Norton, pp. 130-131.
90. ten Kate, K. and S.A. Laird. 1999. The Commercial Use of Biodiversity: Access to Genetic Resources and Benefit-Sharing. London: Earthscan.
91. Kay, J.J, J.A. Regier, M. Boyle and G. Francis. 1999. 'An Ecosystem Approach for Sustainability: Addressing the Challenge of Complexity' Futures 31: 721-742.
92. Kearney, M. 1995. 'The Local and the Global: The Anthropology of Globalism and Transnationalism' Annual Review of Anthropology 24: 547-65.
93. Krech, S. 1999. The Ecological Indian: Myth and History. New York: W.W. Norton.
94. Laird, S.A., M.N. Alexiades, K.P. Bannister and D.A. Posey. 2002. 'Publication of Biodiversity Research Results and the Flow of Knowledge' in S.A. Laird, ed., Biodiversity and Traditional Knowledge: Equitable Partnerships in Practice. London:Earthscan, pp. 77-101.
95. Lélé, S. and R.B. Norgaard. 1996. 'Sustainability and the Scientist's Burden' Conservation Biology 10(2): 354-365.
96. Little, P.E. 1995. 'Ritual, Power and Ethnography at the Rio Earth Summit' Critical Anthropology 15(3): 265-288.
97. Linden, E. 1991. 'Lost Tribes, Lost Knowledge' Time, September 23, 138(12): 46-56.
98. Long, N. 1996. 'Globalisation and Localization: New Challenges to Rural Research' in H. Moore, ed., The Future of Anthropological Knowledge. London and New York:Routledge, pp. 37-59.
99. Maffi, L. 2001. 'On Biocultural Diversity: Linking Language, Knowledge, and the Environment' Washington DC: Smithsonian Institution Press.
100. Marglin, S.A. 1990. 'Towards a Decolonization of the Mind' in F. Appfel-Marglin and S.A. Marglin, eds., 1990. Dominating Knowledge: Development, Culture and Resistance. Oxford: Clarendon Press, pp. 1-28.
101. Mathews, G. 2000. Global Culture/Individual Identity: Searching for Home in the Culture Supermarket. New York and London: Routledge.
102. Maybury-Lewis, D. 1984. 'Indian and Pro-Indian Organizations in Brazil' Cultural Survival Quarterly 8(4): 19-21.
103. McCarthy, R. 1999. 'Mayans Oppose UGA Research' The Atlanta Journal and Constitution. December 7, 1999: 8C.
104. McMichael, P. 2000 [1996]. 'Globalisation: Myths and Realities' in J.T. Roberts and A. Hite, eds., From Modernization to Globalisation: Perspectives on Development and Social Change. Malden: Blackwell Publishers, pp. 274-291.
105. Melody, W.H. 1994. 'The Information Society: Implications for Economic Institutions and Market Theory' in E.A. Comor, ed., The Global Political Economy of Communication: Hegemony, Telecommunications and the Information Economy. New York: St. Martin's Press, pp. 21-36.
106. Mittelman, J.H. 1997. 'The Dynamics of Globalisation' Pages 1-19 in J.H. Mittelman, ed., Globalisation: Critical Reflections. Boulder and London: Lynne Rienner Publishers.
107. Mittelman, J.H. 2000. The Globalisation Syndrome: Transformation and Resistance. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
108. Monagle, C. and A.T. Gonzales. 2001. 'Biodiversity and Intellectual Property Rights:Reviewing Intellectual Property Rights in Light of the Objectives of the Convention on Biological Diversity' Joint Discussion Paper. Washington DC:CIEL, WWF.
109. Mooney, P.R. 1997. 'Biopiracy and the Life Industry' Development 40(2): 27-30.
110. Mooney P.H and T.J. Majka. 1995. Farmers' and Farm Workers' Movements: Social Protest in American Agriculture. New York: Twayne.
111. Muehlebach, A. 2001. "'Making Place' at the United Nations: Indigenous Cultural Politics at the U.N. Working Group of Indigenous Populations". Cultural Anthropology 16(3): 415-448.
112. Nagel, J. 1996. American Indian Ethnic Renewal: Red Power and the Resurgence of Identity and Culture. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press.
113. Nature. 1999. 'US Keeps a Watchful Eye from the Sidelines' Nature, World Conference on Science News. June 1999, http://www.nature.com/wcs/1news/30-1b.html.
114. Nazarea, V.D. 1998. Cultural Memory and Biodiversity. Tucson: University of Arizona Press.
115. Nazarea, V.D. 1999. Introduction. 'A View from a Point: Ethnoecology as Situated Knowledge' in V.D. Nazarea, ed., Ethnoecology. Situated Knowledge/Located Lives. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, pp. 3-20.
116. Neef, D. 1999. A Little Knowledge is a Dangerous Thing. Understanding Our Global Knowledge Economy. Boston: Butterworth Heinemann.
117. Norberg-Hodge, H. 1998. 'Think Global - Eat Local! Delicious Ways To Counter Globalisation' The Ecologist 28(4): 208-214.
118. Norgaard, R.B. 1994. Development Betrayed: The End of Progress and a Coevolutionary Revisioning of the Future. New York: Routledge.
119. Oates, J. F. 1999. Myth and Reality in the Rain Forest: How Conservation Strategies Are Failing in West Africa. Berkeley: University of California Press.
120. Oman, C.P. 1997. 'The Policy Challenges of Globalisation and Regionalization' Development 40(2): 43-53.
121. Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development, OECD. 1999. Handbook of Incentive Measures for Biodiversity: Design and Implementation. Paris:Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development.
122. Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development, OECD. 2002. Handbook of Biodiversity Valuation: A Guide for Policy Makers. Paris: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development.
123. Petras, J. 1999. 'Globalisation: A Critical Analysis' Journal of Contemporary Asia 29(1):3-37.
124. Phillips, L. 1998. 'Introduction: Neoliberalism in Latin America' in L. Phillips, ed., The Third Wave of Modernization in Latin America. Cultural Perspectives on Neoliberalism. Wilmington, Scholarly Resources, pp. 11-14.
125. Pistorius, R. and J. van Wijk. 2000. The Exploitation of Plant Genetic Information:Political Strategies in Crop Development. Wallingford and New York: CABI Publishing.
126. Plotkin, M.J. 1993. Tales of a Shaman's Apprentice. An Ethnobotanist Searches for New Medicines in the Amazon Rainforest. New York: Penguin Books.
127. Poole, P. 1990. Desarrollo de trabajo conjunto entre pueblos indigenas, conservacionistas y planificadores del uso de la tierra en America Latina. Turrialba: CATIE.
128. Posey, D.A. 1983. 'Indigenous ecological knowledge and the development of the Amazon' in E.F. Moran, ed. The dilemma of Amazonian development. Boulder:Westview Press, pp. 225-250.
129. Posey, D.A. and J. Frechione, J. Eddins, L.F. da Silva, D. Myers, D. Case and P. Macbeath. 1984. 'Ethnoecology as Applied Anthropology in Amazonian Development'. Human Organization 43(2): 95-107.
130. Prance, G.T., D.J. Chadwick and J. Marsh, eds. 1994. Ethnobotany and the Search for New Drugs. New York: John Wiley and Sons
131. Price, D. 2002. 'Past Wars, Present Dangers, Future Anthropologies' Anthropology Today 18(1): 3-5.
132. Prugh, T., R. Costanza and H. Daly. 2000. The Local Politics of Global Sustainability. Washington, DC: Island Press.
133. Redford, K.H. 1991. 'The Ecologically Noble Savage' Cultural Survival Quarterly 15(1): 46-48.
134. Ribeiro, G.L. and P.E. Little. 1998. 'Neoliberal Recipes, Environmental Cooks: The Transformation of Amazonian Agency' in L. Phillips (ed.) The Third Wave of Modernization in Latin America: Cultural Perspectives on Neoliberalism. Wilmington: Scholarly Resources, pp. 175-191.
135. Riordan, T. 1995. 'Patents: A Recent Patent On A Papua New Guinea Tribe's Cell Line Prompts Outrage and Charges of "Biopiracy" '. The New York Times, November 27, 1995, section D, p. 2.
136. Robbins, R. 1993. Feeling Global: Internationalism in Distress. New York: New York University Press.
137. Roberts, J.T. and A. Hite. 1999. From Modernization to Globalisation: Perspectives on Development and Social Change. Malden, Massachusetts: Blackwell Publishers.
138. Robertson, R. 1992. Globalisation: Social Theory and Global Culture. London: Sage.
139. Robertson, R. 1995. 'Globalisation: Time-Space and Homogeneity-Heterogeneity' in M. Featherstone, S. Lash and R. Robertson (eds.) Global Modernities. Newbury Park: Sage Publications, pp. 25-44.
140. Rodrik, D. 2000 [1997]. 'Has Globalisation Gone Too Far?' in J.T. Roberts and A. Hite (eds.) From Modernization to Globalisation: Perspectives on Development and Social Change. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, pp. 298-305.
141. Romero, S. 2000. 'Industry and Nature Meet Along the Amazon' The New York Times, June 17, 2000.
142. Ross, A. 1996. Science Wars. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press.
143. Schmidt, A. 1990. The Loss of Aboriginal Language Heritage. Canberra: Aboriginal Studies Press.
144. Schultes, R.E. 1980. 'The Amazonia as a Source of New Economic Plants' Economic Botany 33: 259-266.
145. Semali, L. and J.L. Kincheloe, eds. 1999. 'What is Indigenous Knowledge and why should we study it?' in L. Semali and J.L. Kincheloe (eds.), Indigenous Knowledge? Voices from the Academy. New York and London: Falmer Press, pp. 3-57.
146. Shiva, V. 1997. Biopiracy: The Plunder of Nature and Knowledge. Boston: South End Press.
147. Shrader-Frechette, K. and E.D. McCoy. 1993. Method in Ecology: Strategies for Conservation. New York: Cambridge University Press.
148. Sillitoe, P. 1998. 'The Development of Indigenous Knowledge: A New Applied Anthropology' Current Anthropology 39(2): 223-252.
149. Sillitoe, P. A. Bicker, J. Pottier, eds., 2002. Participating in Development: Approaches to Indigenous Knowledge. London: Routledge.
150. Sklair, L. 2000 [1995]. 'Social Movements and Global Capitalism' in J.T. Roberts and A. Hite, eds., From Modernization to Globalisation: Perspectives on Development and Social Change. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, pp. 340-352.
151. Spinage, C. 1998. 'Social Change and Conservation Misrepresentation in Africa.' Oryx 32(4): 265-276.
152. Srikosamatara, S. and W.Y. Brockelman. 2002. 'Conservation of Protected Areas in Thailand: A Diversity of Problems, A Diversity of Solutions' in, J. Terborgh, C. van Schaik, L. Davenport and M. Rao, eds., Making Parks Work. Strategies for Preserving Tropical Nature. Washington DC: Island Press, pp.218-231.
153. Stille, A. 2001. 'Slow Food' The Nation, August 20, 2001. http://www.thenation.com/doc.mhtml?i=20010820ands=stille
154. Terborgh, J. 1999. Requiem for Nature. Washington, DC: Island Press/Shearwater Books.
155. Thomas, N. 1987. Possessions: Indigenous Art/Colonial Culture. London: Thames and Hudson.
156. Todorov, T. 1984. The Conquest of America. New York: Harper Torchbooks.
157. Touraine, A. 1989. 'Is Sociology Still the Study Of Society?' Thesis Eleven 23: 5-34.
158. Trevor, H. 1999. 'Globalisation and the Trade in Human Parts' The Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology 36(1): 21-35.
159. Turner, T. 1993. 'Anthropology and Multiculturalism: What Is Anthropology That Multiculturalists Should Be Mindful of It?' Cultural Anthropology 8(4): 411-429.
160. UNDP, United Nations Development Program. 2001. Human Development Report 2001. Making New Technologies Work for Human Development. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press.
161. Varese, S. 1996. 'The New Environmentalist Movement of Latin American Indigenous People' in S.B. Brush and D. Stabinsky, eds., Valuing Local Knowledge. Indigenous People and Intellectual Property Rights. Washington DC: Island Press, pp. 122-142.
162. Verpoorte, R. 2002. 'Pharmacognosy in the New Millenium: Leadfiding and Biotechnology' in J. Fleurentin, J.-M. Pelt and G. Mazars (eds.) From the Sources of Knowledge to the Medicines of The Future. Paris: Institut de Recherche pour le Developpment, IRD: 253-262.
163. Viergever, M. 1999. 'Indigenous Knowledge: An Interpretation of Views from Indigenous Peoples' in L.M. Semali and J.L. Kincheloe, eds., What is Indigenous Knowledge? Voices from the Academy. New York and London: Falmer Press, pp. 330-360.
164. Wallerstein, I. 1974. The Modern World System. New York: Academic Press.
165. Warren, D.M. 1995. The Cultural Dimension of Development: Indigenous Knowledge Systems. London: Intermediate Technology Publications.
166. Warren, D.M. L.J.Slikkerveer and D. Brokensha, eds., 1989. Indigenous Knowledge Systems:Implications for Agriculture and International Development. Ames: Iowa State University.
167. Warren, K. B. 1998. Indigenous Movements and Their Critics: Pan-Maya activism in Guatemala. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
168. Weinberg, B. 2001. 'Bio-piracy in Chiapas' The Nation, August 20, 2001. http://www.thenation.com/doc.mhtml?i=20010820&s=weinberg
169. Wessendorf, K. ed., 2000. 'An Indigenous Parliament? Realities and Perspectives in Russia and the Circumpolar North.' IWGIA Document No. 16. Copenhagen:International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs, IWGIA.
170. Westmacott, T.I. 1999. Culture, Capital and Communications. Research Technology Management 42(1): 48-51.
171. World Health Organization (WHO). 1988. From Alma-Ata to the Year 2000:Reflections at the Midpoint. Geneva: WHO.
172. Wilmer, F. 1993. The Indigenous Voice in World Politics Since Time Immemorial. Newbury Park: Sage Publications.
173. Wilson, E.O., ed., 1988. Biodiversity. Washington DC: National Academy Press.
174. Win, A.A. 1998. 'The Growing Civil Society in Asi'. Development 41(1): 101-106.
175. Winthrop, R.H. 1991. Dictionary of Concepts in Cultural Anthropology. New York:Greenwood Press.
176. World Commission on Environment and Development. 1987. Our Common Future. New York: Oxford University Press.
177. World Conference on Science. 1999. Science Agenda: A Framework for Action. Paris:UNESCO/ICSU (http://www.unesco.org/opi/science/).
178. Zarembo, A. 2001. 'Magnet for Globophobes' Newsweek, Atlantic Edition. April 9, 2001: 29.