Dogs of war: Potential social institutions of conflict, healing, and death in a fort ancient village

American Antiquity

Volumn 77, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 498-523

  Cook, Robert A ^a  

^a OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84870289203     PISSN: 00027316     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.7183/0002-7316.77.3.498     Document Type: Article

References (131)

1. Amiotte, Arthur 1987 The Lakota Sun Dance: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives. In Sioux Indian Religion, edited by Raymond J. DeMallie and Douglas R. Parks, pp. 75-90. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman.
2. Angel, Michael 2002 Preserving the Sacred: Historical Perspectives on the Ojibwa Midewiwin. University of Manitoba Press, Winnipeg.
3. Anson, B. 1970 The Miami Indians. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman.
4. Bacqueville de la Potherie, Claude C. Le Roy 1911-1912 History of the Savage Peoples Who Are Allies of New France [1753]. In The Indian Tribes of the Upper Mississippi Wley and Region of the Great Lakes, edited by Emma H. Blair, pp. 11-136. Arthur H. Clark, Cleveland, Ohio.
5. Bailey, Garrick A. 2001 Osage. In Plains, edited by Raymond J. DeMallie, pp. 476-496. Handbook of North American Indians, Vol. 13, William C. Sturtevant, general editor. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
6. Bowers, Alfred 1963 Hidatsa Social and Ceremonial Organization. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln.
7. Brown, Ian 1981 A Study of Stone Box Graves in Eastern North America. Tennessee Anthropologist 6:1-26.
8. Callender, Charles 1962 Social Organization of the Central Algonkin Indians. Milwaukee Public Museum, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
9. 1978a Fox. In Northeast, edited by Bruce G. Trigger, pp. 636-647. Handbook of North American Indians, Vol. 13, William C. Sturtevant, general editor, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
10. 1978b Great Lakes-Riverine Sociopolitical Organization. In Northeast, edited by Bruce G. Trigger, pp. 610-621. Hand- book of North American Indians, Vol. 13, William C. Sturtevant, general editor, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
11. 1978c Illinois. In Northeast, edited by Bruce G. Trigger, pp. 673-680. Handbook of North American Indians, Vol. 13, William C. Sturtevant, general editor, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
12. 1978d Miami. In Northeast, edited by Bruce G.Trigger, pp. 681-689. Handbook of North American Indians, Vol. 13, William C. Sturtevant, general editor, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
13. 1978e Sauk. In Northeast, edited by Bruce G. Trigger, pp. 648-655. Handbook of North American Indians, Vol. 13, William C. Sturtevant, general editor, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
14. 1978f Shawnee. In Northeast, edited by Bruce G. Trigger, pp. 622-635. Handbook of North American Indians, Vol. 13, William C. Sturtevant, general editor, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
15. Callender, Charles, Richard K. Pope, and Susan M. Pope 1978 Kickapoo. In Northeast, edited by Bruce G. Trigger, pp. 656-667. Handbook of North American Indians, Vol. 13, William C. Sturtevant, general editor, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
16. Cameron, Catherine M. 1991 Structure Abandonment in Villages. Archaeological Method and Theory 3:155-191.
17. Chacon, Richard J., and David H. Dye 2007 Introduction to Human Trophy Taking: An Ancient and Widespread Practice. In The Taking and Displaying of Human Body Parts as Trophies by Amerindians, edited by Richard J. Chacon and David H. Dye, pp. 5-31. Springer, New York.
18. Cobb, Charles R., and Brian M. Butler 2002 The Vacant Quarter Revisited: Late Mississippian Abandonment of the Lower Ohio Valley. American Antiquity 67:625-641.
19. Cook, Robert A. 2005 Reconstructing Perishable Architecture: Prospects and Limitations of a Fort Ancient Example. North American Archaeologist 26:357-388.
20. 2007 Single Component Sites with Long Sequences of Radiocarbon Dates: The Sun Watch Site and Middle Fort Ancient Village Growth. American Antiquity 72:439-460.
21. 2008 Sun Watch: Fort Ancient Development in the Mississippian World. University of Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa.
22. 2011 The Fort Ancient Regional Movement (FARM) Project. Research proposal funded by the National Science Foundation, Washington, D.C.
23. Cook, Robert A., and Lane F. Fargher 2008 The Incorporation of Mississippian Traditions into Fort Ancient Societies: A Preliminary View of the Shift to Shell-Tempered Pottery Use in the Middle Ohio Valley. Southeastern Archaeology 27:222-237.
24. Cook, Robert A., and Mark Schurr 2009 Eating Between the Lines: Mississippian Migration and Stable Carbon Isotope Variation in Fort Ancient Populations. American Anthropologist 111:344-359.
25. DeMallie, Raymond J. 2001 Teton. In Plains, edited by Raymond J. DeMallie, pp. 794-820. Handbook of North American Indians, Vol. 13, William C. Sturtevant, general editor, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
26. DeMallie, Raymond J., and David Reed Miller 2001 Assiniboine. In Plains, edited by Raymond J. DeMallie, pp. 572-595. Handbook of North American Indians, Vol. 13, William C. Sturtevant, general editor, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
27. DeMallie, Raymond J., and Douglas R. Parks 2001 Tribal Traditions and Records. In Plains, edited by Raymond J. DeMallie, pp. 1062-1073. Handbook of North American Indians, Vol. 13. William C.Sturtevant,general editor, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
28. Densmore, Frances 1910 Chippewa Music I. Bulletin 53, Bureau of American Ethnology, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
29. Dixon, P. 1988 The Neolithic Settlements on Crickley Hill. In Enclosures and Defenses in the Neolithic of Western Europe, edited by C. Burgess, P.Topping,C. Mordant,and M. Mad-dison, pp. 75-87. BAR International Series 403. British Archaeological Reports, Oxford.
30. Dorsey, G.A. 1905 The Cheyenne, Field Columbian Museum, Anthropological Series, Volume IX, Numbers 1 and 2. Chicago, Illinois.
31. Dorsey, James Owen 1886 Migrations of Siouan Tribes. American Naturalist 20:210-222.
32. Drooker, Penelope B. 1997 The View from Madisonville: Protohistoric Western Fort Ancient Interaction Patterns. Memoirs of the Museum of Anthropology University of Michigan 31, Ann Arbor.
33. 2000 Madisonville Focus Revisited: Reexcavating Southwestern Ohio Fort Ancient from Museum Collections. In Cultures Before Contact: The Late Prehistory of Ohio and Surrounding Regions, edited by Robert A. Genheimer, pp. 228-270. Ohio Archaeological Council, Columbus.
34. Drooker, Penelope B., and C. Wesley Cowan 2001 Transformation of the Fort Ancient Cultures of the Central Ohio Valley. In Societies in Eclipse: Archaeology of the Eastern Woodlands Indians, AD. 1400-1700, edited by David S. Brose, C. Wesley Cowan, and Robert C. Mainfort, Jr., pp. 83-106. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C.
35. Dye, David H. 2009 War Paths, Peace Paths: An Archaeology of Cooperation and Conflict in Native Eastern North America. Al-taMira Press, New York.
36. Dye, David H., and Adam King 2007 Desecrating the Sacred Ancestor Temples: Chiefly Conflict and Violence in the American Southeast. In North American Indigenous Warfare and Ritual, edited by Richard J. Chacon and Ruben G. Mendoza, pp. 160-181. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.
37. Emerson, Thomas E. 1999 The Langford Tradition and the Process of Tribaliza-tion on the Middle Mississippian Borders. Midcontinental Journal of Archaeology 24:3-56.
38. Feinman, Gary M., and Jill Neitzel 1984 Too Many Types: An Overview of Sedentary Préstate Societies in the Americas. In Advances in Archaeological Method and Theory, Volume 7, edited by Michael B. Schif-fer, pp. 39-102. Academic Press, Orlando, Florida.
39. Fontana, Marisa D. 2007 Of Walls and War: Fortification and Warfare in the Mississippian Southeast. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois, Chicago.
40. Graybill, Jeffrey R. 1981 The Eastern Periphery of Fort Ancient (A.D. 1050-1650): A Diachronic Approach to Settlement Variability. Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of Washington, Seattle.
41. Griffin, James B. 1943 The Fort Ancient Aspect: Its Cultural and Chronological Position in Mississippi Valley Archaeology. Museum of An- thropology Anthropological Papers No. 28. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
42. Hall, Robert L. 1997 An Archaeology of the Soul. University of Illinois Press, Urbana.
43. Hally, David 2008 King: The Social Archaeology of a Late Mississippian Town in Northwestern Georgia. University of Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa.
44. Heilman, James M., and Roger Hoefer 1981 Possible Astronomical Alignments in a Fort Ancient Settlement at the Incinerator Site in Dayton, Ohio. In Ar-chaeoastronomy in the Americas, edited by Ray Williamson, pp. 157-171. Ballena Press, Menlo Park, California.
45. Heilman, James M., Malinda C. Lileas, and Christopher A. Turn-bow (editors) 1988 A History of 17 Years of Excavation and Reconstruction: A Chronicle of 12th Century Human Values and the Built Environment. Dayton Society of Natural History, Dayton, Ohio.
46. Henderson, A. Gwynn 1998 Middle Fort Ancient Villages and Organizational Complexity in Kentucky. Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of Kentucky, Lexington.
47. Henderson, A. Gwynn, and David Pollack 2001 Fort Ancient. In Encyclopedia of Prehistory, Volume 6, edited by Peter N. Peregrine and Melvin Ember, pp. 171-194. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York.
48. Henderson, A. Gwynn, David Pollack, and Christopher A. Turn-bow 1992 Chronology and Cultural Patterns. In Fort Ancient Cultural Dynamics in the Middle Ohio Valley, edited by A. Gwynn Henderson, pp. 253-279. Prehistory Press, Madison, Wisconsin.
49. Hickerson, Harold 1970 The Chippewa and Their Neighbors: A Study in Eth-nohistory. Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, New York.
50. Hoebel, E. Adamson 1960 The Cheyennes: Indians of the Great Plains. Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, New York.
51. Hoffman, Walter J. 1891 The Mide 'wiwin: Grand Medicine Society of the Ojih-way . Seventh Annual Report, Bureau of American Ethnology, 1885-1886, Washington, D. C.
52. 1893 The Menomini Indians. Fourteenth Annual Report, Bureau of American Ethnology, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
53. Hollinger, R. Eric 2005 Conflict and Culture Change in the Late Prehistoric and Early Historic American Midcontinent. Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of Illinois, Urbana.
54. Holtz, Mathilde Edith, and Katherine Isabel Bemis 1917 Glacier National Park: Its Trails and Treasures. George H. Doran Company, New York.
55. Howey, Meghan C. L., and John M. O'Shea 2006 Bear's Journey and the Study of Ritual in Archaeology. American Antiquity 71:261-282.
56. 2009 On Archaeology and the Study of Ritual: Considering Inadequacies in the Culture-History Approach and Quests for Internal "Meaning." American Antiquity 74:193-201.
57. Johnson, William C. 2001 The Protohistoric Monongahela and the Case for an Iroquois Connection. In Societies in Eclipse: Archaeolo- gy of the Eastern Woodlands Indians, AD. 1400-1700, edited by David S. Brose, C. Wesley Cowan, and Robert C. Mainfort, Jr., pp. 67-82. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C.
58. Keegan, William F. 2007 Taino Indian Myth and Practice: The Arrival of the Stranger King. University Press of Florida, Gainesville.
59. Keeley, Lawrence 1995 War Before Civilization: The Myth of the Peaceful Savage. Oxford University Press, England.
60. Keesing, F.M. 1939 The Menomini Indians of Wisconsin: A Study of Three Centuries of Cultural Contact and Change. Memoirs of the American Philosophical Society, Vol. 10. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
61. Kinietz, W.V. 1940 The Indians of the Western Great Lakes. 1615-1760. Occasional Contributions No. 10. Museum of Anthropology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
62. Lambert, Patricia M. 1997 Patterns of Violence in Prehistoric Hunter-Gatherer Societies of Coastal Southern California. In Troubled Times: Violence and Warfare in the Past, edited by Debra L. Martin and David W. Frayer, pp. 77-109. Gordon and Breach, New York.
63. Landes, Ruth 1968 Ojibwa Religion and the Midewiwin. University of Wisconsin Press, Madison.
64. Lowie, Robert H. 1954 Indians of the Plains. University of Nebraska Press, Lincoln.
65. Lyman, R. Lee, and Michael J. O'Brien 2001 The Direct Historical Approach, Analogical Reasoning, and Theory in Americanist Archaeology. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory 8:303-342.
66. Maslowski, Robert F. 1984 Protohistorie Villages in Southern West Virginia. In Upland Archaeology in the East, Symposium 2, edited by Michael B. Barber, pp. 148-165. USDA Forest Service Southern Region, Atlanta, Georgia.
67. Mason, Ronald J. 2009 Bear's Journey and the Study of Ritual in Archaeology: Some Comments on Howey and O'Shea's Midewiwin Paper. American Antiquity 14:189-192.
68. Mensforth, Robert P. 2001 Warfare and Trophy Taking in the Archaic Period. In Archaic Transitions in Ohio and Kentucky Prehistory, edited by Olaf H. Prufer, Sara E. Pedde, and Richard S. Meindl, pp. 110-138. Kent State University Press, Kent, Ohio.
69. Meyer, Jennifer, and Beverly Smith 2005 The Ojibwa Midewiwin. Meeting of the Minds XIII Journal of Undergraduate Research 7:182-186.
70. Milner, George R. 1999 Warfare in Prehistoric and Early Historic Eastern North America. Journal ofArchaeological Research7:105-151.
71. Milner, George, R., David G. Anderson, and Marvin T. Smith 2001 The Distribution of Eastern Woodlands Peoples at the Prehistoric and Historic Interface. In Societies in Eclipse: Archaeology of the Eastern Woodlands Indians, AJ). 1400-1700, edited by David S. Brose, C. Wesley Cowan, and Robert C. Mainfort, Jr., pp. 9-18. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C.
72. Moore, John H., Margot P. Liberty, and A. Terry Straus 2001 Cheyenne. In Plains, edited by Raymond J. DeMallie, pp. 863-885. Handbook of North American Indians, Vol. 13, William C. Sturtevant.general editor, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
73. Morey, Darcey F. 2006 Burying Key Evidence: The Social Bond between Dogs and People. Journal of Archaeological Science 33:158-175.
74. Morgan, Lewis H. 1959 The Indian Journals 1859-1862. University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor.
75. Nass, John P., Jr. 1989 Household Archaeology and Functional Analysis as Procedures for Studying Fort Ancient Communities in the Ohio Valley. Pennsylvania Archaeologist 59:1-13.
76. Newcomb, William W., Jr., and Thomas N. Campbell 2001 Tonkawa. In Plains, edited by Raymond J. DeMallie, pp. 953-964. Handbook of North American Indians, Vol. 13. William C. Sturtevant, general editor, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
77. Nolan, Kevin C, and Robert A. Cook 2010a An Evolutionary Model of Cultural Change in the Middle Ohio Valley. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 29: 62-79.
78. 2010b Volatile Climate Conditions Cahokia: Comment on Benson, Pauketat and Cook 2009. American Antiquity 75:978-983.
79. Nourse, Jennifer W. 2008 Rogue Kings and Divine Queens in Central Sulawesi and Guinea-Bissau. Indonesia and the Malay World 36:235-252.
80. Nuttall, Thomas 1980 A Journal of Travels into the Arkansas Territory during the Year 1819[1821], edited by Savoie Lottinville. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman.
81. Oberholtzer, Catherine 2002 Fleshing Out the Evidence: From Archaic Dog Burials to Historic Dog Feasts. Ontario Archaeology 73:3-14.
82. Olsen, Sandra L., and Pat Shipman 1994 Cutmarks and Perimortem Treatment of Skeletal Remains on the Northern Plains. In Skeletal Biology in the Great Plains: Migration, Warfare, Health, and Subsistence, edited by Douglas W. Owsley and Richard L. Jantz, pp. 377-387. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C.
83. Parks, Douglas R. 2001a Ankara. In Plains, edited by Raymond J. DeMallie, pp. 365-390. Handbook of North American Indians, Vol. 13, William C. Sturtevant, general editor, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
84. 2001b Pawnee. In Plains, edited by Raymond J. DeMallie, pp. 515-547. Handbook of North American Indians, Vol. 13, William C. Sturtevant, general editor, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
85. Pauketat, Timothy R., and Susan M. Alt. 2005 Agency in a Postmold? Physicality and the Archaeology of Culture-Making. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory 12:213-236.
86. Pollack, David 2004 Caborn-Welborn. University of Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa.
87. Pomedli, Michael M. 2002 Owls: Images and Voices in the Ojibwa and Midewiwin Worlds. American Indian Culture and Research Journal 26:45-62.
88. Quattrin, Dale W., and William M. Cremin 1988 A Possible Sweatlodge at the Schilling Site (20KZ56), Kalamazoo County, Michigan. Midcontinental Journal of Archaeology 13:29-39.
89. Radin, Paul 1911 The Ritual and Significance of the Winnebago Medicine Dance. Journal of American Folklore 24:149-208.
90. 1923 The Winnebago Tribe. Thirty-Seventh Annual Report, Bureau of American Ethnology, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
91. Rafert, Stuart 1996 The Miami Indians of Indiana: A Persistent People, 1654-1994. Indiana Historical Society, Indianapolis.
92. Riordan, Robert 2000 Peas in a Pod? Diversity at Small Late Prehistoric Components in Southwest Ohio. In Cultures before Contact: The Late Prehistory of Ohio and Surrounding Regions, edited by Robert A. Genheimer, pp. 404-424. The Ohio Archaeological Council, Columbus.
93. Robertson, James A. 1980 Chipped Stone And Socio-Cultural Interpretations. Unpublished M.A. Thesis, Department of Anthropology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.
94. Rodning, Christopher B. 2009 Mounds, Myths, and Cherokee Townhouses in Southwestern North Carolina. American Antiquity 74:627-663.
95. 2011 Mortuary Practices, Gender Ideology, and the Cherokee Town at the Coweeta Creek Site. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 30:145-173.
96. Rogers, E. S. 1978 Southeastern Chippewa. In Northeast, edited by Bruce G. Trigger, pp. 760-771. Handbook of North American Indians, Vol. 13, William C. Sturtevant, general editor, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D, C. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
97. Sahlins, Marshall 2008 The Stranger-King or, Elementary Forms of the Politics of Life. Indonesia and the Malay World 36:177-199.
98. Schroeder, Sissel 2006 Walls as Symbols of Political, Economic, and Military Might. In Leadership and Polity in Mississippian Society, edited by Brian M.Butler and Paul D.Welch,pp. 115-141. Occasional Paper No. 33. Center for Archaeological Investigations, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale.
99. Seeman, Mark F. 2007 Predatory War and Hopewell Trophies. In The Taking and Displaying of Human Body Parts as Trophies by Amerindians, edited by Richard J. Chacon and David H. Dye, pp. 167-189. Springer, New York.
100. Shane, Orrin C. 1988 An Interim Summary Report of the Vertebrate Faunal Remains from the Incinerator Site. In A History of 17 Years of Excavation and Reconstruction, edited by James M. Heil-man, Malinda C. Lileas, and Christopher A. Turnbow, pp. 157-213. Dayton Museum of Natural History, Dayton, Ohio.
101. Shane, Orrin C, and Gail E. Wagner 1993 Seasonality and Diet at a Fort Ancient Site. Paper presented at the 16th Annual Meeting of the Society for Eth-nobiology, Boston, Massachusetts.
102. Simonelli, Lynn, and William Kennedy 2003 "My Other Site is a National Historic Landmark": Current Research at the Late Prehistoric Wegerzyn Garden Center Site (33Myl27). Paper presented at the 68th Annual Meeting of the Society for American Archaeology, Milwaukee, Wisconsin.
103. Smith, Maria O. 2003 Beyond Palisades: The Nature and Frequency of Late Prehistoric Deliberate Violent Trauma in the Chickamau-ga Reservoir of East Tennessee. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 121:303-318.
104. Smith, Marvin T. 2000 Coosa: The Rise and Fall of a Southeastern Mississippian Chiefdom. University Press of Florida, Gainesville.
105. Steadman, Dawnie W. 2008 Warfare-Related Trauma at Orendorf, a Middle Mis- sissippian Site in West-Central Illinois. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 135:51-64.
106. Stewart, Frank H. 2001 Hidatsa. In Plains, edited by Raymond J. DeMallie, pp. 329-348. Handbook of North American Indians, Vol. 13, William C. Sturtevant, general editor, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
107. Stewart, James 1905 Rupert's Land Indians in the Olden Times. Annual Archaeological Report 1905, Being Part of Appendix to the Report of the Minister of Education, Ontario, pp. 89-100. Warwick Brothers and Rutter, Toronto.
108. Stothers, David M. 1991 Lost in Time: The Forgotten Tribal Groups of North-em Ohio. Ohio Archaeologist 41:26-27.
109. Sullivan, Lynne P. 1995 Mississippian Household and Community Organization in Eastern Tennessee. In Mississippian Communities and Households, edited by J. Daniel Rogers and Bruce D. Smith, pp. 99-123. University of Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa.
110. Swanton, John R. 1946 The Indians of the Southeastern United States. Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin 137, Washington, D. C.
111. 1952 The Indian Tribes of North America. Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin, No. 145. Washington, D.C.
112. Trigger, Bruce G. 1978 Cultural Unity and Diversity. In Northeast, edited by Bruce G. Trigger, pp. 798-804. Handbook of North American Indians, Vol. 13, William C. Sturtevant, general editor, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
113. Trowbridge, C.C. 1938 Meearmeear Traditions. Edited by Vernon Kinietz. Occasional Contributions from the Museum of Anthropology, No. 7. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
114. 1939 Shawnese Traditions. Occasional Contributions from the Museum of Anthropology, No. 9. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
115. Trubitt, Mary Beth D. 2003 Mississippian Period Warfare and Palisade Construction at Cahokia. In Theory, Method, and Practice in Modern Archaeology, edited by Robert J. Jeske and Douglas K. Charles, pp. 149-162. Praeger, Westport, Connecticut.
116. Vickery, Kent D., Theodore S. Sunderhaus, and Robert A. Genheimer 2000 Preliminary Report on Excavations at the Fort Ancient State Line Site, 33Ha 58, in the Central Ohio Valley. In Cultures Before Contact: The Late Prehistory of Ohio and Surrounding Regions, edited by Robert A. Genheimer, pp. 272-328. Ohio Archaeological Council, Columbus.
117. Voegelin, E. Wheeler 1944 Mortuary Customs of the Shawnee and Other Eastern Tribes. Indiana Historical Society Prehistory Research Series, Vol. 2, No. 4, Indianapolis, Indiana.
118. Voget, Fred W. 2001 Crow. In Plains, edited by Raymond J. DeMallie, pp. 695-717. Handbook of North American Indians, Vol. 13, William C. Sturtevant, general editor, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
119. Wagner, Gail E. 1996 Feast or Famine? Seasonal Diet at a Fort Ancient Community. In Case Studies in Environmental Archaeology, edited by Elizabeth J. Reitz, Lee A. Newsom, and Sylvia J. Scudder, pp. 319-337. Plenum Press, New York.
120. Warren, Diane M. 2004 Skeletal Biology and Paleopathology of Domestic Dogs from Prehistoric Alabama, Illinois, Kentucky, and Tennessee. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation. Department of Anthropology, Indiana University, Bloomington.
121. Webb, William S. 1946 Indian Knoll, Site Oh 2, Ohio County, Kentucky. University of Kentucky Reports in Anthropology and Archaeology 4:15-365.
122. Wesler, Kit W. 1991 Ceramics, Chronology, and Horizon Markers at Wick-liffe Mounds. American Antiquity 56:278-290.
123. 2001 Excavations at Wickliffe Mounds. University of Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa.
124. Wheeler-Voegelin, Erminie 1974 Ethnohistory of Indian Use and Occupancy in Ohio and Indiana Prior to 1795. In Indians of Ohio and Indiana Prior to 1795, edited by Helen Hombeck Tanner and Erminie Wheeler-Voegelin. Garland, New York.
125. Whitley, David S. 2009 Comments on Howey and O'Shea's "Bear's Journey and the Study of Ritual in Archaeology." American Antiquity 74:183-188.
126. Whittle, A. 1985 Neolithic Europe. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
127. Williams, Stephen 1990 The Vacant Quarter and Other Late Events in the Lower Valley. In Towns and Temples Along the Mississippi, edited by David H. Dye and Cheryl Anne Cox, pp. 170-180. University of Alabama Press, Tuscaloosa.
128. 2001 The Vacant Quarter Hypothesis and the Yazoo Delta. In Societies in Eclipse: The Archaeology of the Eastern Woodlands Indians, AD 1400-1700, edited by David S. Brose, C. Wesley Cowan, and Robert C. Mainfort, Jr., pp. 191-203. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C.
129. Witthoft, John 1949 Green Corn Ceremonialism in the Eastern Woodlands. Occasional Contributions from the Museum of Anthropology No. 13. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.
130. Wood, W. Raymond, and Lee Irwin 2001 Mandan. In Plains, edited by Raymond J. DeMallie, pp. 349-364. Handbook of North American Indians, Vol. 13, William C. Sturtevant, general editor, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
131. Young, Gloria A., and Michael P. Hoffman 2001 Quapaw. In Plains, edited by Raymond J. DeMallie, pp. 497-514. Handbook of North American Indians, Vol. 13, William C. Sturtevant, general editor, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.