Rangeland degradation, poverty, and conflict: How can rangeland scientists contribute to effective responses and solutions?

Rangeland Ecology and Management

Volumn 65, Issue 6, 2012, Pages 606-612

  Bedunah, Donald J ^a   Angerer, Jay P ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MONTANA   (United States)

^b BLACKLAND RESEARCH AND EXTENSION CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

applied science; causes; impacts; international development

Indexed keywords

ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT; DEVELOPING WORLD; ECONOMIC ANALYSIS; ECOSYSTEM SERVICE; EMPOWERMENT; FOOD SECURITY; LAND DEGRADATION; PERCEPTION; POVERTY ALLEVIATION; RANGELAND; STAKEHOLDER;

EID: 84870159080     PISSN: 15507424     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2111/REM-D-11-00155.1     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. ALLEN, C. R., AND C. HOLLING. 2010. Novelty, adaptive capacity, and resilience. Ecology and Society 15(3):24. Available at: Http://www. ecologyandsociety.org/vol15/ iss3/art24/.
2. ASNER, G. P., A. J. ELMORE, L. P. OLANDER, R. E. MARTIN, AND A. T. HARRIS. 2004. Grazing systems, ecosystem responses and global change. Annual Review Environmental Resources 29:261-299.
3. AYOUB, A. T. 1998. Extent, severity and causative factors of land degradation in the Sudan. Journal of Arid Environments 38:397-409. (Pubitemid 28219479)
4. BANKS, T.1999. State, community and common property in Xinjiang: Synergy or strife? Development Policy Review 19:293-313. (Pubitemid 29497449)
5. BANKS, T.2001. Property rights and the environment in pastoral China: EVIDENCE from the field. Development and Change 32:717-740. (Pubitemid 32895406)
6. BEDUNAH, D., AND R.HARRIS. 2005. Observation on changes in Kazak pastoral use in two townships in western China: A loss of traditions. Nomadic Peoples 9:107- 129.
7. BEDUNAH, D. J., AND D. J. MILLER. 1995. Sustainable livestock grazing in Mongolia: Socio/political characteristics, grazing ecosystems and rangeland issues. In: j. Powell [ED.]. Proceedings of the 1995 International Rangeland Development Symposium; 18 January 1995; Phoenix, AZ, USA. Denver, CO, USA: SOCIETY for Range Management. 107 p.
8. BEDUNAH, D. J., AND S. SCHMIDT. 2004. Changes in communal use of a recently established protected area in Mongolia. Development and Change 35:167-191.
9. BEHNKE, R. H., AND I. SCOONES. 1993. Rethinking range ecology: Implications for rangeland management in Africa. In: R. H. Behnke, I. Scoones, and C. Kerven [EDS.]. Range ecology at disequilibrium, new models of natural variability and pastoral adaptation in African savannas. London, UK: OVERSEAS Development Institute and International Institute for Environment and Development. p.1-30.
10. BIRD, R. B., D. W. BIRD, B. F. CODDING, C. H. PARKER, AND J. H. JONES. 2008. The ''fire stick farming'' hypothesis: AUSTRALIAN Aboriginal foraging strategies, biodiversity, and anthropogenic fire mosaics. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 105:14796-14801.
11. BOX, T. W. 1990. Rangelands. In: R. N. Sampson and D. Hair [EDS.]. Natural resources for the 21st century. Washington, DC, USA: ISLAND Press. p. 101-120.
12. BRENK, M., AND H. VAN DE VEEN. 2005. Introduction chapter: No development without peace, no peace without development. In: P. van Tongeren, M. Brenk, M. Hellema, and J. Verhoeven [EDS.]. People building peace II. The Hague, Netherlands: PEOPLE Building Peace, the Global Partnership for the Prevention of Armed Conflict. Available at: Http://www.peoplebuildingpeace.org/thestories/ print.php?id116&typtheme. Accessed 16 April, 2012.
13. BRISKE, D. D., S. D. FUHLENDORF, AND F. E. SMEINS. 2003. Vegetation dynamics on rangelands: A critique of the current paradigms. Journal of Applied Ecology :601-614. (Pubitemid 36914528)
14. BUTT, T., B.MCCARL, J. ANGERER, P. DYKE, AND J. STUTH. 2005. The economic and food security implications of climate change in Mali. Climatic Change 68:355-378. (Pubitemid 40473716)
15. DAMDINSUREN, B., J.E. HERRICK, D. A. PYKE, B. T. BESTELMEYER, AND K. M. HAVSTAD. 2008. Is rangeland health relevant to Mongolia? Rangelands 30(4):25-29.
16. DE HAAN, C., T.SCHILLHORN VAN VEEN, B. BRANDENBURG, J. E. GAUTHIER, F. LE GALL, R. MEARNS, AND M. SIMEON. 2001. Livestock development: Implications for rural poverty, the environment, and global food security. Washington, DC, USA: THE World Bank. 80 p.
17. DELGADO, C., M.ROSEGRANT, H. STEINFELD, S. EHUI, AND C. COURBOIS. 1999. Livestock to 2020: The next food revolution. Washington, DC, USA: INTERNATIONAL Food Policy Research Institute. Food, Agriculture, and the Environment Discussion Paper 28.
18. DREGNE, H. E. 2000. Desertification: Problems and challenges. Annals of Arid Zone :363-371.
19. ELLIS, J. E. 1994. Climate variability and complex ecosystem dynamics: Implications for pastoral development. In: I. Scoones, [ED.]. Living with uncertainty, new directions in pastoral development in Africa. London, UK: INTERMEDIATE Technology Publications. p. 37-46.
20. ESWARAN, H., R. LAL, AND P. F. REICH. 2001. Land degradation: An overview. In: E. M. Bridges, I. D. Hannam, L. R. Oldeman, F. W. T. Pening de Vries, S. J. Scherr, and S. Sompatpanit [EDS.]. Responses to land degradation. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Land Degradation and Desertification; 25-29 January 1999; Khon Kaen, Thailand. New Delhi, India: OXFORD Press. Available at: Http:// soils.usda.gov/use/worldsoils/papers/land- degradation-Overview.html. Accessed 6 June 2011.
21. [FAO] FOOD AND AGRICULTURAL ORGANIZATION. 2008. Livestock policy and poverty reduction. Rome, Italy: FOOD and Agricultural Organization. Livestock policy brief 04. 8 p.Available at: FTP://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/010/i0265e/ i0265e00.pdf. Accessed 16 April 2012.
22. FERNADEZ-GIMENEZ, M. E. 1997. Landscapes, livestock, and livelihoods: Social, ecological, and land-use change among the nomadic pastoralists of Mongolia [dissertation]. Berkeley, CA, USA: UNIVERSITY of California. 486 p.
23. [GEF] GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT FACILITY. 2011. GEF Project Database. Available at: Http:// www.thegef.org/gef/project-list. Accessed 6 May 2011.
24. HERRICK, J., J.Van ZEE, K. HAVSTAD, L. BURKETT, AND W. WHITFORD. 2005. Monitoring manual for grassland, shrubland, and savanna ecosystems, volume II: Design, supplementary methods and interpretation. Tucson, AZ, USA: THE University of Arizona Press. 236 p.
25. HESS, K., AND J.L. HOLECHEK. 1995. Policy roots of land degradation in the arid region of the United States: An overview. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment :123-141.
26. HO, P.2000. China's rangelands under stress: A comparative study of pasture commons in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. Development and Change 31:385-412. (Pubitemid 30242258)
27. HOLECHEK, J. L., R. D. PIEPER, AND C. H. HERBEL. 2010. Range management: Principles and practices. 6th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ, USA: PRENTICE Hall. 456 p.
28. HOLLING, C. S. 1973. Resilience and stability of ecological systems. Annual Review Ecology and Systematics 4:1-23.
29. HUMPHREY, C., AND D.SNEATH. 1999. The end of nomadism: Society, state and the environment in Inner Asia. Durham, NC, USA: DUKE University Press. 368 p.
30. ILLIUS, A. W., AND T. G. O'CONNOR. 1999. On the relevance of nonequilibrium concepts to arid and semiarid grazing systems. Ecological Applications 9:798-813. (Pubitemid 29388390)
31. LAPOLA, D. M., R. SCHALDACH, J. ALCAMO, A. BONDEAU, J. KOCH, C. KOELKING, AND J. A. PRIESS. 2010. Indirect land-use changes can overcome carbon savings from biofuels in Brazil. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107:3388- 3393.
32. LOBELL, D. B., W. SCHLENKER, AND J. COSTA-ROBERTS. 2011. Climate trends and global crop production since 1980. Science 333:616-620.
33. MARSH, G.1864. Man and nature: The earth as modified by human action. New York, NY, USA: CHARLES Scribner & Sons. 629 p.
34. MEARNS, R.1996. Community, collective action and common grazing: The case of post-Socialist Mongolia. Journal of Development Studies 32:297-339.
35. MIDDLETON, N. J., AND D. S. G. THOMAS. 1997. World atlas of desertification. London, UK: THOMAS Arnold. 182 p.
36. MILLENNIUM ECOSYSTEM ASSESSMENT. 2005. Ecosystems and human well-being: Current state and trends findings of condition and trends working group. Washington, DC, USA: ISLAND Press. 948 p.
37. MULLER, B., K.FRANK, AND C. WISSEL. 2007. Relevance of rest periods in non-Equilibrium rangeland systems: A modelling analysis. Agricultural Systems 92:295-317. (Pubitemid 44779996)
38. REYNOLDS, J. F., D. M. S. SMITH, AND E. LAMBIN. 2003. Do humans cause deserts? An old problem through the lens of a new framework: The Dahlem desertification paradigm. In: n. Allsopp, A. R. Palmer, S. J. Milton, K. P. Kirkman, G. I. H. Kerley, C. R. Hurt, and C. J. Brown [EDS.]. Proceedings of the 7th International Rangelands Congress; 26 July-1 August 2003; Durban, South Africa. Hilton, South Africa: GRASSLAND Society of Southern Africa. 107 p.
39. REYNOLDS, J. F., D. M. S. SMITH, E. F. LAMBIN, B. L. TURNER, M. MORTIMORE, S. P. J. BATTERBURY, T. E. DOWNING, H. DOWLATABADI, R. J. FERNADEZ, J. E. HERRICK, E. HUBERSANNWALD, H. JIANG, R. LEEMANS, T. LYNAM, F. T. MAESTRE, M. AYARZA, AND B. WALKER Global desertification: Building a science for dryland development. Science :847-851.
40. ROSALES, M., AND S. LIVINETS. 2005. Grazing and land degradation in CIS countries and Mongolia. In: PROCEEDINGS of the electronic conference on grazing and land degradation in CIS countries and Mongolia; 10 June-30 July 2005. Rome, Italy: FOOD and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 6 p. Available at: Http:// www.fao.org/fileadmin/templates/lead/pdf/e-conf-05-06-background. pdf. Accessed 5 May 2011.
41. SAYRE, N., AND M. FERNADEZ-GIMENEZ. 2003. The genesis of range science, with implications for pastoral development policy. In: n. Allsopp, A. R. Palmer, S. J. Milton, K. P. Kirkman, G. I. H. Kerley, C. R. Hurt, and C. J. Brown [EDS.]. Proceedings of the 7th International Rangelands Congress; 26 July-1 August 2003; Durban, South Africa. Hilton, South Africa: GRASSLAND Society of Southern Africa. p.1976-1985.
42. SCOONES, I. 1995. New directions for pastoral development in Africa. In: I. Scoones
43. [ED.]. Pastoral development in Africa. London, UK: INSTITUTE of Development Studies, ITDG Publishing. p.1-36. Available at: Http://www.ids.ac. uk/files/dmfile/ livingwithuncertainty.pdf. Accessed 16 April 2012.
44. STUTH, J. W., J. ANGERER, R. KAITHO, A. JAMA, AND R. MARAMBII. 2005. Livestock early warning system for Africa rangelands. In: v. K. Boken, A. P. Cracknell, and R. L. Heathcote [EDS.]. Monitoring and predicting agricultural drought: A global study. New York, NY, USA: OXFORD University Press. 472 p.
45. TEKETAY, D.2001. Deforestation, wood famine, and environmental degradation in Ethiopia's highland ecosystems: Urgent need for action. Northeast African Studies 8:53-76.
46. USDA-NRCS. 2010. National resources inventory rangeland resource assessment. Washington, DC, USA: usda. Available at: Http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/ Internet/ FSE-DOCUMENTS/stelprdb1041712.pdf. Accessed 8 August 2011.
47. US DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR-BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT. 1990. State of the public rangelands: 1990. Washington, DC, USA: us Department of the Interior. 12 p.
48. VITOUSEK, P., P.R. EHRLICH, A. H. EHRLICH, AND P. MATSON. 1986. Human appropriation of the products of photosynthesis. BioScience 36:368-373.
49. WALKER, B. H., AND M. A. JANSSEN. 2002. Rangelands, pastoralists and governments: Interlinked systems of people and nature. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society London: BIOLOGICAL Sciences 357:719-725. (Pubitemid 34580673)
50. WESSELS, K. J., S. D. PRINCE, M. CARROLL, AND J. MALHERBE. 2007. Relevance of rangeland degradation in semiarid northeastern South Africa to the nonequilibrium theory. Ecological Applications 17:815-827. (Pubitemid 46607437)
51. WILCOX, B. P. 2007. Does rangeland degradation have implications for global streamflow? Hydrological Processes 21:2961-2964.
52. WILCOX, B. P., AND T. L. THUROW. 2006. Emerging issues in rangeland ecohydrology: Vegetation change and the water cycle. Rangeland Ecology & Management :220-224. (Pubitemid 44473750)
53. WILLIAMS, D. M. 1996. Grassland enclosures: Catalyst of land degradation in Inner Mongolia. Human Organization 55:307-313.
54. ALDEN WILEY, L. 2008. Whose land is it? Washington, DC: RIGHTS and Resources Initiative. 52 p. Available at: Http://www.rightsandresources.org/ documents/files/ doc-853.pdf. Accessed 16 April 2012.