메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 14, Issue 6, 2012, Pages 402-410

Nurse plant effects on plant species richness in drylands: The role of grazing, rainfall and species specificity

Author keywords

Competition; Diversity; Facilitation; Open woodland; Stress gradient hypothesis

Indexed keywords

ARID REGION; DISPERSAL; DOMINANCE; DROUGHT; ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR; ENVIRONMENTAL GRADIENT; ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS; FACILITATION; GRAZING; INTERSPECIFIC INTERACTION; LIFE HISTORY TRAIT; NURSE PLANT; PLANT COMMUNITY; PRECIPITATION (CLIMATOLOGY); SPECIES OCCURRENCE; SPECIES RICHNESS; WOODLAND;

EID: 84869889461     PISSN: 14338319     EISSN: 16180437     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ppees.2012.09.003     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (58)

References (68)
  • 1
    • 33750041354 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nurse effect in seedling establishment: facilitation and tolerance to damage in the Andes of central Chile
    • Acuña-Rodríguez I.S., Cavieres L.A., Gianoli E. Nurse effect in seedling establishment: facilitation and tolerance to damage in the Andes of central Chile. Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat. 2006, 79:329-336.
    • (2006) Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat. , vol.79 , pp. 329-336
    • Acuña-Rodríguez, I.S.1    Cavieres, L.A.2    Gianoli, E.3
  • 2
    • 0024252879 scopus 로고
    • Grazing impact in relation to livestock watering points
    • Andrew M.H. Grazing impact in relation to livestock watering points. Trends Ecol. Evol. 1988, 3:336-339.
    • (1988) Trends Ecol. Evol. , vol.3 , pp. 336-339
    • Andrew, M.H.1
  • 3
    • 33644951714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association between competition and facilitation processes and vegetation spatial patterns in alpha steppes
    • Alados C.L., Gotor P., Ballester P., Navas D., Escos J.M., Navarro T., Cabezudo B. Association between competition and facilitation processes and vegetation spatial patterns in alpha steppes. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 2006, 87:103-113.
    • (2006) Biol. J. Linn. Soc. , vol.87 , pp. 103-113
    • Alados, C.L.1    Gotor, P.2    Ballester, P.3    Navas, D.4    Escos, J.M.5    Navarro, T.6    Cabezudo, B.7
  • 4
    • 33645120638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conditional outcomes in plant-herbivore interactions: neighbours matter
    • Baraza E., Zamora R., Hódar J.A. Conditional outcomes in plant-herbivore interactions: neighbours matter. Oikos 2006, 113:148-156.
    • (2006) Oikos , vol.113 , pp. 148-156
    • Baraza, E.1    Zamora, R.2    Hódar, J.A.3
  • 5
    • 0027142596 scopus 로고
    • Competition and facilitation in marsh plants
    • Bertness M.D., Shumway S.W. Competition and facilitation in marsh plants. Am. Nat. 1993, 142:718-724.
    • (1993) Am. Nat. , vol.142 , pp. 718-724
    • Bertness, M.D.1    Shumway, S.W.2
  • 6
    • 0035133688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How reliable are dung counts for estimating elephant numbers?
    • Barnes R.F.W. How reliable are dung counts for estimating elephant numbers?. Afr. J. Ecol. 2001, 39:1-9.
    • (2001) Afr. J. Ecol. , vol.39 , pp. 1-9
    • Barnes, R.F.W.1
  • 9
    • 78650368726 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Crossing gradients of consumer pressure and physical stress on shallow rocky reefs: a test of the stress-gradient hypothesis
    • Bulleri F., Cristaudo C., Alestra T., Benedetti-Cecchi L. Crossing gradients of consumer pressure and physical stress on shallow rocky reefs: a test of the stress-gradient hypothesis. J. Ecol. 2011, 99:335-344.
    • (2011) J. Ecol. , vol.99 , pp. 335-344
    • Bulleri, F.1    Cristaudo, C.2    Alestra, T.3    Benedetti-Cecchi, L.4
  • 11
    • 0034065611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Facilitation by unpalatable weeds may conserve plant diversity in overgrazed meadows in the Caucasus mountains
    • Callaway R.M., Kikodze D., Kikvidze Z. Facilitation by unpalatable weeds may conserve plant diversity in overgrazed meadows in the Caucasus mountains. Oikos 2000, 89:275-282.
    • (2000) Oikos , vol.89 , pp. 275-282
    • Callaway, R.M.1    Kikodze, D.2    Kikvidze, Z.3
  • 12
    • 34249059312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Managing heterogeneity in elephant distribution: interactions between elephant population density and surface-water availability
    • Chamaillé-Jammes S., Valeix M., Fritz H. Managing heterogeneity in elephant distribution: interactions between elephant population density and surface-water availability. J. Appl. Ecol. 2007, 44:625-633.
    • (2007) J. Appl. Ecol. , vol.44 , pp. 625-633
    • Chamaillé-Jammes, S.1    Valeix, M.2    Fritz, H.3
  • 13
    • 14844318074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plant functional traits, herbivore selectivity and response to sheep grazing in Patagonian steppe grasslands
    • Cingolani A.M., Posse G., Collantes M.B. Plant functional traits, herbivore selectivity and response to sheep grazing in Patagonian steppe grasslands. J. Appl. Ecol. 2005, 42:50-59.
    • (2005) J. Appl. Ecol. , vol.42 , pp. 50-59
    • Cingolani, A.M.1    Posse, G.2    Collantes, M.B.3
  • 14
    • 0032943480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Large trees, fertile islands, and birds in arid savanna
    • Dean W.R.J., Milton S.J., Jeltsch F. Large trees, fertile islands, and birds in arid savanna. J. Arid Environ. 1999, 41:61-78.
    • (1999) J. Arid Environ. , vol.41 , pp. 61-78
    • Dean, W.R.J.1    Milton, S.J.2    Jeltsch, F.3
  • 15
    • 0013380859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hip holes: kangaroo resting sites enhance the physical and chemical environment of woodland soils
    • Eldridge D.J., Rath D. Hip holes: kangaroo resting sites enhance the physical and chemical environment of woodland soils. Aust. Ecol. 2002, 27:527-536.
    • (2002) Aust. Ecol. , vol.27 , pp. 527-536
    • Eldridge, D.J.1    Rath, D.2
  • 16
    • 0026302813 scopus 로고
    • Soil-surface characteristics, microtopography and proximity to mature shrubs: effects on survival of several cohorts of Atriplex vesicaria seedlings
    • Eldridge D.J., Westoby M., Holbrook K.G. Soil-surface characteristics, microtopography and proximity to mature shrubs: effects on survival of several cohorts of Atriplex vesicaria seedlings. J. Ecol. 1991, 79:357-364.
    • (1991) J. Ecol. , vol.79 , pp. 357-364
    • Eldridge, D.J.1    Westoby, M.2    Holbrook, K.G.3
  • 17
    • 64849084190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cover is a good predictor of biomass in arid systems
    • Flombaum P., Sala O.E. Cover is a good predictor of biomass in arid systems. J. Arid Environ. 2009, 73:597-598.
    • (2009) J. Arid Environ. , vol.73 , pp. 597-598
    • Flombaum, P.1    Sala, O.E.2
  • 18
    • 54049154406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial patterns of recruitment in a Mediterranean tree (Acer opalus subsp. granatense): linking the fate of seeds, seedlings, and saplings in heterogeneous landscapes at different scales
    • Gómez-Aparicio L. Spatial patterns of recruitment in a Mediterranean tree (Acer opalus subsp. granatense): linking the fate of seeds, seedlings, and saplings in heterogeneous landscapes at different scales. J. Ecol. 2008, 96:1128-1140.
    • (2008) J. Ecol. , vol.96 , pp. 1128-1140
    • Gómez-Aparicio, L.1
  • 19
    • 28644444560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Response of tree seedlings to the abiotic heterogeneity generated by nurse shrubs: an experimental approach at different scales
    • Gómez-Aparicio L., Valladares F., Zamora R., Quero J.L. Response of tree seedlings to the abiotic heterogeneity generated by nurse shrubs: an experimental approach at different scales. Ecography 2005, 28:757-768.
    • (2005) Ecography , vol.28 , pp. 757-768
    • Gómez-Aparicio, L.1    Valladares, F.2    Zamora, R.3    Quero, J.L.4
  • 20
    • 43249122416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Facilitation of tree saplings by nurse plants: microhabitat amelioration or protection against herbivores?
    • Gómez-Aparicio L., Zamora R., Castro J., Hódar J.A. Facilitation of tree saplings by nurse plants: microhabitat amelioration or protection against herbivores?. J. Veg. Sci. 2008, 19:161-172.
    • (2008) J. Veg. Sci. , vol.19 , pp. 161-172
    • Gómez-Aparicio, L.1    Zamora, R.2    Castro, J.3    Hódar, J.A.4
  • 21
    • 34247139605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shifts in positive and negative plant interactions along a grazing intensity gradient
    • Graff P., Aguiar M.R., Chaneton E.J. Shifts in positive and negative plant interactions along a grazing intensity gradient. Ecology 2007, 88:188-199.
    • (2007) Ecology , vol.88 , pp. 188-199
    • Graff, P.1    Aguiar, M.R.2    Chaneton, E.J.3
  • 24
    • 0032827639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of positive interactions in the plant species diversity of salt marsh plant communities
    • Hacker S.D., Bertness M.D. The role of positive interactions in the plant species diversity of salt marsh plant communities. Ecology 1999, 80:2064-2073.
    • (1999) Ecology , vol.80 , pp. 2064-2073
    • Hacker, S.D.1    Bertness, M.D.2
  • 25
    • 0031284550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Some implications of direct positive interactions for community species diversity
    • Hacker S.D., Gaines S.D. Some implications of direct positive interactions for community species diversity. Ecology 1997, 78:1990-2003.
    • (1997) Ecology , vol.78 , pp. 1990-2003
    • Hacker, S.D.1    Gaines, S.D.2
  • 26
    • 0030442957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of cover and fire on seedling establishment in a neotropical savanna
    • Hoffmann W.A. The effects of cover and fire on seedling establishment in a neotropical savanna. J. Ecol. 1996, 84:383-393.
    • (1996) J. Ecol. , vol.84 , pp. 383-393
    • Hoffmann, W.A.1
  • 27
    • 0002513942 scopus 로고
    • An approach for setting the stocking rate
    • Holechek J.L. An approach for setting the stocking rate. Rangelands 1988, 10:10-14.
    • (1988) Rangelands , vol.10 , pp. 10-14
    • Holechek, J.L.1
  • 28
    • 77958168203 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strong facilitation in mild environments: the stress gradient hypothesis revisited
    • Holmgren M., Scheffer M. Strong facilitation in mild environments: the stress gradient hypothesis revisited. J. Ecol. 2010, 98:1269-1275.
    • (2010) J. Ecol. , vol.98 , pp. 1269-1275
    • Holmgren, M.1    Scheffer, M.2
  • 29
    • 84860585273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Positive effects of shrubs on plant species diversity do not change along a gradient in grazing pressure in an arid shrubland
    • Howard K.S.C., Eldridge D.J., Soliveres S. Positive effects of shrubs on plant species diversity do not change along a gradient in grazing pressure in an arid shrubland. Basic Appl. Ecol. 2012, 13:159-168.
    • (2012) Basic Appl. Ecol. , vol.13 , pp. 159-168
    • Howard, K.S.C.1    Eldridge, D.J.2    Soliveres, S.3
  • 30
    • 0035656625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Positive and negative interactions between environmental conditions affecting Cercocarpus ledifolius seedling survival
    • Ibáñez I., Schupp E.W. Positive and negative interactions between environmental conditions affecting Cercocarpus ledifolius seedling survival. Oecologia 2001, 129:543-550.
    • (2001) Oecologia , vol.129 , pp. 543-550
    • Ibáñez, I.1    Schupp, E.W.2
  • 31
    • 0033178314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the relevance of nonequilibrium concepts to semi-arid grazing systems
    • Illius A.W., O'Connor T.G. On the relevance of nonequilibrium concepts to semi-arid grazing systems. Ecol. Appl. 1999, 9:798-813.
    • (1999) Ecol. Appl. , vol.9 , pp. 798-813
    • Illius, A.W.1    O'Connor, T.G.2
  • 32
    • 0038784087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Objective 'safe' grazing capacities for southwest Queensland Australia: development of a model for individual properties
    • Johnston P.W., McKeon G.M., Day K.A. Objective 'safe' grazing capacities for southwest Queensland Australia: development of a model for individual properties. Rangeland J. 1996, 18:244-258.
    • (1996) Rangeland J. , vol.18 , pp. 244-258
    • Johnston, P.W.1    McKeon, G.M.2    Day, K.A.3
  • 33
    • 0032723551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Grazing response groups among understorey plants in arid rangelands
    • Landsberg J., Lavorel S., Stol J. Grazing response groups among understorey plants in arid rangelands. J. Veg. Sci. 1999, 10:683-696.
    • (1999) J. Veg. Sci. , vol.10 , pp. 683-696
    • Landsberg, J.1    Lavorel, S.2    Stol, J.3
  • 34
    • 0032818376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Indirect facilitation: evidence and predictions from a riparian community
    • Levine J.M. Indirect facilitation: evidence and predictions from a riparian community. Ecology 1999, 80:1762-1769.
    • (1999) Ecology , vol.80 , pp. 1762-1769
    • Levine, J.M.1
  • 35
    • 20444394022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stress tolerance and competitive-response ability determine the outcome of biotic interactions
    • Liancourt P., Callaway R.M., Michalet R. Stress tolerance and competitive-response ability determine the outcome of biotic interactions. Ecology 2005, 86:1611-1618.
    • (2005) Ecology , vol.86 , pp. 1611-1618
    • Liancourt, P.1    Callaway, R.M.2    Michalet, R.3
  • 36
    • 60049097652 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Refining the stress-gradient hypothesis for competition and facilitation in plant communities
    • Maestre F.T., Callaway R.M., Valladares F., Lortie C.J. Refining the stress-gradient hypothesis for competition and facilitation in plant communities. J. Ecol. 2009, 97:199-205.
    • (2009) J. Ecol. , vol.97 , pp. 199-205
    • Maestre, F.T.1    Callaway, R.M.2    Valladares, F.3    Lortie, C.J.4
  • 37
    • 0025638058 scopus 로고
    • An assessment of the allelopathic potential of Eucalyptus
    • May F.E., Ash J.E. An assessment of the allelopathic potential of Eucalyptus. Aust. J. Bot. 1990, 38:245-254.
    • (1990) Aust. J. Bot. , vol.38 , pp. 245-254
    • May, F.E.1    Ash, J.E.2
  • 39
    • 0027332466 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative effects of grazing on vegetation and soils over a global range of environments
    • Milchunas D.G., Lauenroth W.K. Quantitative effects of grazing on vegetation and soils over a global range of environments. Ecol. Monogr. 1993, 63:327-366.
    • (1993) Ecol. Monogr. , vol.63 , pp. 327-366
    • Milchunas, D.G.1    Lauenroth, W.K.2
  • 40
    • 0024254783 scopus 로고
    • A generalized model of the effects of grazing by large herbivores on grassland community structure
    • Milchunas D.G., Sala O., Lauenroth W.K. A generalized model of the effects of grazing by large herbivores on grassland community structure. Am. Nat. 1988, 132:87-106.
    • (1988) Am. Nat. , vol.132 , pp. 87-106
    • Milchunas, D.G.1    Sala, O.2    Lauenroth, W.K.3
  • 42
    • 0036915728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Grazing effect on diversity of annual plant communities in a semi-arid rangeland: interactions with small-scale spatial and temporal variation in primary productivity
    • Osem Y., Perevolotsky A., Kigel J. Grazing effect on diversity of annual plant communities in a semi-arid rangeland: interactions with small-scale spatial and temporal variation in primary productivity. J. Ecol. 2002, 90:936-946.
    • (2002) J. Ecol. , vol.90 , pp. 936-946
    • Osem, Y.1    Perevolotsky, A.2    Kigel, J.3
  • 43
    • 1542380496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting the distribution of livestock grazing pressure in rangelands
    • Pringle H.J.R., Landsberg J. Predicting the distribution of livestock grazing pressure in rangelands. Aust. Ecol. 2004, 29:31-39.
    • (2004) Aust. Ecol. , vol.29 , pp. 31-39
    • Pringle, H.J.R.1    Landsberg, J.2
  • 44
    • 52049091249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dispersal strategies and spatial organization of vegetation in arid ecosystems
    • Pueyo Y., Kefi S., Alados C.L., Rietkerk M. Dispersal strategies and spatial organization of vegetation in arid ecosystems. Oikos 2008, 117:1522-1532.
    • (2008) Oikos , vol.117 , pp. 1522-1532
    • Pueyo, Y.1    Kefi, S.2    Alados, C.L.3    Rietkerk, M.4
  • 45
    • 4444230117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Competition, facilitation, and compensation for insect herbivory in an annual salt marsh forb
    • Rand T.A. Competition, facilitation, and compensation for insect herbivory in an annual salt marsh forb. Ecology 2004, 85:2046-2052.
    • (2004) Ecology , vol.85 , pp. 2046-2052
    • Rand, T.A.1
  • 46
    • 0036345818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of a spiny plant refuge in structuring grazed shortgrass steppe plant communities
    • Rebollo S., Milchunas D.G., Noy-Meir I., Chapman P.L. The role of a spiny plant refuge in structuring grazed shortgrass steppe plant communities. Oikos 2002, 98:53-64.
    • (2002) Oikos , vol.98 , pp. 53-64
    • Rebollo, S.1    Milchunas, D.G.2    Noy-Meir, I.3    Chapman, P.L.4
  • 47
    • 36448988564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can edaphic factors demonstrate landscape-scale differences in vegetation responses to grazing?
    • Sasaki T., Okayasu T., Shirato Y., Jamsran U., Okubo S., Takeuchi K. Can edaphic factors demonstrate landscape-scale differences in vegetation responses to grazing?. Plant Ecol. 2008, 194:51-66.
    • (2008) Plant Ecol. , vol.194 , pp. 51-66
    • Sasaki, T.1    Okayasu, T.2    Shirato, Y.3    Jamsran, U.4    Okubo, S.5    Takeuchi, K.6
  • 48
    • 37149021915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Herbivore and neighbour effects on tundra plants depend on species identity, nutrient availability and local environmental conditions
    • Skelinen A. Herbivore and neighbour effects on tundra plants depend on species identity, nutrient availability and local environmental conditions. J. Ecol. 2008, 96:155-165.
    • (2008) J. Ecol. , vol.96 , pp. 155-165
    • Skelinen, A.1
  • 49
    • 34248227664 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nurse plants, tree saplings and grazing pressure: changes in facilitation along a biotic environmental gradient
    • Smit C., Vanderberghe C., den Ouden J., Müller-Schärer H. Nurse plants, tree saplings and grazing pressure: changes in facilitation along a biotic environmental gradient. Oecologia 2007, 152:265-273.
    • (2007) Oecologia , vol.152 , pp. 265-273
    • Smit, C.1    Vanderberghe, C.2    den Ouden, J.3    Müller-Schärer, H.4
  • 50
    • 70349902252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inclusion of biotic stress (consumer pressure) alters predictions from the stress gradient hypothesis
    • Smit C., Rietkerk M., Wassen M.J. Inclusion of biotic stress (consumer pressure) alters predictions from the stress gradient hypothesis. J. Ecol. 2009, 97:1215-1219.
    • (2009) J. Ecol. , vol.97 , pp. 1215-1219
    • Smit, C.1    Rietkerk, M.2    Wassen, M.J.3
  • 51
    • 82455199246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microhabitat amelioration and reduced competition among understorey plants as drivers of facilitation across environmental gradients: towards a unifying framework
    • Soliveres S., Eldridge D.J., Maestre F.T., Bowker M.A., Tighe M., Escudero A. Microhabitat amelioration and reduced competition among understorey plants as drivers of facilitation across environmental gradients: towards a unifying framework. Perspect. Plant Ecol., Evol. Syst. 2011, 13:247-258.
    • (2011) Perspect. Plant Ecol., Evol. Syst. , vol.13 , pp. 247-258
    • Soliveres, S.1    Eldridge, D.J.2    Maestre, F.T.3    Bowker, M.A.4    Tighe, M.5    Escudero, A.6
  • 52
    • 79955002711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporal dynamics of herbivory and water availability interactively modulate the outcome of a grass-shrub interaction in a semi-arid ecosystem
    • Soliveres S., García-Palacios P., Castillo-Monroy A.P., Maestre F.T., Escudero A., Valladares F. Temporal dynamics of herbivory and water availability interactively modulate the outcome of a grass-shrub interaction in a semi-arid ecosystem. Oikos 2011, 120:710-719.
    • (2011) Oikos , vol.120 , pp. 710-719
    • Soliveres, S.1    García-Palacios, P.2    Castillo-Monroy, A.P.3    Maestre, F.T.4    Escudero, A.5    Valladares, F.6
  • 53
    • 84866161866 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary relationships can be more important than abiotic conditions in predicting the outcome of plant-plant interactions
    • Soliveres S., Torices R., Maestre F.T. Evolutionary relationships can be more important than abiotic conditions in predicting the outcome of plant-plant interactions. Oikos 2012, 121:1638-1648.
    • (2012) Oikos , vol.121 , pp. 1638-1648
    • Soliveres, S.1    Torices, R.2    Maestre, F.T.3
  • 54
    • 38149045044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deer density affects ground-layer vegetation differently in conifer plantations and hardwood forests on the Boso Peninsula, Japan
    • Suzuki M., Miyashita T., Kabaya H., Ochiai K., Asada M., Tange T. Deer density affects ground-layer vegetation differently in conifer plantations and hardwood forests on the Boso Peninsula, Japan. Ecol. Res. 2008, 23:151-158.
    • (2008) Ecol. Res. , vol.23 , pp. 151-158
    • Suzuki, M.1    Miyashita, T.2    Kabaya, H.3    Ochiai, K.4    Asada, M.5    Tange, T.6
  • 55
    • 51149087473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coordinating leaf functional traits with branch hydraulic conductivity: resource substitution and implications for carbon gain
    • Taylor D., Eamus D. Coordinating leaf functional traits with branch hydraulic conductivity: resource substitution and implications for carbon gain. Tree Physiol. 2008, 28:1169-1177.
    • (2008) Tree Physiol. , vol.28 , pp. 1169-1177
    • Taylor, D.1    Eamus, D.2
  • 56
    • 0035039435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Positive interactions under nurse-plants: spatial scale, stress gradients and benefactor size
    • Tewsbury J.J., Lloyd J.D. Positive interactions under nurse-plants: spatial scale, stress gradients and benefactor size. Oecologia 2001, 127:425-434.
    • (2001) Oecologia , vol.127 , pp. 425-434
    • Tewsbury, J.J.1    Lloyd, J.D.2
  • 57
    • 29144446980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Community structure and positive interactions in constraining environments
    • Tirado R., Pugnaire F.I. Community structure and positive interactions in constraining environments. Oikos 2005, 111:437-444.
    • (2005) Oikos , vol.111 , pp. 437-444
    • Tirado, R.1    Pugnaire, F.I.2
  • 58
    • 0042354625 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Degradation and recovery processes in arid grazing lands of central Australia. Part 1. Soil and land resources
    • Tongway D.J., Sparrow A.D., Friedel M.H. Degradation and recovery processes in arid grazing lands of central Australia. Part 1. Soil and land resources. J. Arid Environ. 2003, 55:301-326.
    • (2003) J. Arid Environ. , vol.55 , pp. 301-326
    • Tongway, D.J.1    Sparrow, A.D.2    Friedel, M.H.3
  • 59
    • 33750961251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modern Quaternary plant lineages promote diversity through facilitation of ancient Tertiary lineages
    • Valiente-Banuet A., Rumebe A.V., Verdu M., Callaway R.M. Modern Quaternary plant lineages promote diversity through facilitation of ancient Tertiary lineages. Proc. Natnl. Acad. Sci. USA 2006, 103:16812-16817.
    • (2006) Proc. Natnl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.103 , pp. 16812-16817
    • Valiente-Banuet, A.1    Rumebe, A.V.2    Verdu, M.3    Callaway, R.M.4
  • 60
    • 67650524490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does strength of facilitation by nurse shrubs depend on grazing resistance of tree saplings?
    • Vanderberghe C., Smit C., Pohl M., Buttler A., Freléchoux F. Does strength of facilitation by nurse shrubs depend on grazing resistance of tree saplings?. Basic Appl. Ecol. 2009, 10:427-436.
    • (2009) Basic Appl. Ecol. , vol.10 , pp. 427-436
    • Vanderberghe, C.1    Smit, C.2    Pohl, M.3    Buttler, A.4    Freléchoux, F.5
  • 61
    • 53649089497 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Season- and herbivore-dependent competition and facilitation in a semi-arid savanna
    • Veblen K.E. Season- and herbivore-dependent competition and facilitation in a semi-arid savanna. Ecology 2008, 89:1532-1540.
    • (2008) Ecology , vol.89 , pp. 1532-1540
    • Veblen, K.E.1
  • 62
    • 36248980449 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does Geijera parviflora Lindl. (Rutaceae) facilitate understorey species in semi-arid Australia?
    • Warnock A.D., Westbrooke M.E., Florentine S.K., Hurst C.P. Does Geijera parviflora Lindl. (Rutaceae) facilitate understorey species in semi-arid Australia?. Rangeland J. 2007, 29:207-216.
    • (2007) Rangeland J. , vol.29 , pp. 207-216
    • Warnock, A.D.1    Westbrooke, M.E.2    Florentine, S.K.3    Hurst, C.P.4
  • 63
    • 84986798916 scopus 로고
    • Savanna tree influence on understorey vegetation and soil nutrients in northwestern Kenya
    • Weltzin J., Coughenour A. Savanna tree influence on understorey vegetation and soil nutrients in northwestern Kenya. J. Veg. Sci. 1990, 1:325-334.
    • (1990) J. Veg. Sci. , vol.1 , pp. 325-334
    • Weltzin, J.1    Coughenour, A.2
  • 64
    • 0038615857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The leaf size-twig size spectrum and its relationship to other important spectra of variation among species
    • Westoby M., Wright I.J. The leaf size-twig size spectrum and its relationship to other important spectra of variation among species. Oecologia 2003, 135:621-628.
    • (2003) Oecologia , vol.135 , pp. 621-628
    • Westoby, M.1    Wright, I.J.2
  • 66
    • 34248996586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scattered native trees and soil patterns in grazing lands of the Northern Tablelands of NSW, Australia
    • Wilson B.R., Growns I., Lemon J. Scattered native trees and soil patterns in grazing lands of the Northern Tablelands of NSW, Australia. Aust. J. Soil Res. 2007, 45:199-205.
    • (2007) Aust. J. Soil Res. , vol.45 , pp. 199-205
    • Wilson, B.R.1    Growns, I.2    Lemon, J.3
  • 67
    • 17444409350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Beyond the compensatory continuum: environmental resource levels and plant tolerance of herbivory
    • Wise M.J., Abrahamson W.G. Beyond the compensatory continuum: environmental resource levels and plant tolerance of herbivory. Oikos 2005, 109:417-428.
    • (2005) Oikos , vol.109 , pp. 417-428
    • Wise, M.J.1    Abrahamson, W.G.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.