Proton exchange membrane fuel cells for electrical power generation on-board commercial airplanes

Applied Energy

Volumn 101, Issue , 2013, Pages 776-796

  Pratt, Joseph W ^a   Klebanoff, Leonard E ^a   Munoz Ramos, Karina ^b   Akhil, Abbas A ^b   Curgus, Dita B ^a   Schenkman, Benjamin L ^b  

^a SANDIA NATIONAL LABORATORIES   (United States)

^b SANDIA NATIONAL LABORATORIES   (United States)

Author keywords

Airplane performance; Heat recovery; More electric airplane; PEM fuel cell; System design

Indexed keywords

CARGO AIRCRAFT; FUEL SYSTEMS; HYDROGEN STORAGE; SYSTEMS ANALYSIS; TECHNOLOGY; WASTE HEAT; WASTE HEAT UTILIZATION;

AIRPLANE PERFORMANCE; COMMERCIAL AIRPLANE; CURRENT TECHNOLOGY; ELECTRICAL LOAD; ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION; EMISSIONS REDUCTION; FUEL CELL SYSTEM; HYDROGEN STORAGE TECHNOLOGIES; OFF-THE-SHELF TECHNOLOGIES; ON-BOARD FUELS; OVERALL BENEFIT; PEM FUEL CELL; PEM FUEL CELL SYSTEM; PERFORMANCE PENALTIES; POINT OF USE; THERMAL EFFICIENCY; THERMODYNAMIC SIMULATIONS;

PROTON EXCHANGE MEMBRANE FUEL CELLS (PEMFC);

AIRCRAFT; ELECTRICITY GENERATION; EMISSION CONTROL; ENERGY EFFICIENCY; FEASIBILITY STUDY; FUEL CELL; FUNDAMENTAL PARTICLE; GAS STORAGE; HARDWARE; HEAT TRANSFER; HEATING; MEMBRANE; PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT; POWER GENERATION; TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT; THERMODYNAMICS; WATER USE;

EID: 84869888422     PISSN: 03062619     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.08.003     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Sinnett M. 787 No-bleed systems: saving fuel and enhancing operational efficiencies. Aero Quart 2007;6-11. http://www.boeing.com/commercial/aeromagazine.
2. Airbus. Emission free power for civil aircraft: airbus successfully demonstrates fuel cells in flight; 2008. [accessed 14.10.11]. http://www.airbus.com/presscentre/pressreleases/press-release-detail/detail/emission-free-power-for-civil-aircraft-airbus-successfully-demonstrates-fuel-cells-in-flight.
3. German Aerospace Center (DLR). Emission-free airports - DLR develops a fuel cell-powered electric nose wheel for commercial aircraft; 2011. [accessed 18.02.11]. http://www.dlr.de/en/desktopdefault.aspx/tabid-1/86_read-28858.
4. Renouard-Vallet G., Saballus M., Schumann P., Kallo J., Friedrich K.A., Müller-Steinhagen H. Fuel cells for civil aircraft application: on-board production of power, water and inert gas. Chem Eng Res Des 2012, 90:3-10.
5. Karimi KJ. Future aircraft power systems - integration challenges. In: Presented at the fourth annual Carnegie Mellon conference on the Electricity Industry. Future energy systems: efficiency, security, control, Carnegie Mellon University; 2008.
6. Breit JS, Szydlo-Moore JA, Lorhammer K. Vehicular power distribution system and method, US patent 7,550,866 B2; 2009.
7. Spenser J. Fuel cells in the air. Boeing Front (Online); 2004. [July 2004]. http://www.boeing.com/news/frontiers.
8. The Boeing Company. Boeing to explore electric airplane; 2001. [accessed 23.02.11]. http://www.boeing.com/news/releases/2001/q4/nr_011127a.html.
9. Klebanoff LE, Cornelius CJ. Analysis of hydrogen storage for a fuel cell emergency power system (FCEPS) for commercial aircraft, Sandia National Laboratories SAND2007-4542P; 2007.
10. Freeh JE, Pratt JW, Brouwer J. Development of a solid-oxide fuel cell/gas turbine hybrid system model for aerospace applications. In: Proceedings of ASME turbo expo 2004: power for land, sea, and air; 2004.
11. Daggett D. Fuel cell APU overview. In: Presented at the SECA annual meeting, Seattle, WA; 2003.
12. Rajashekara K, Grieve J, Daggett D. Solid oxide fuel cell/gas turbine hybrid APU system for aerospace applications. In: IEEE industry applications conference, 2006, 41st IAS annual meeting; 2006. p. 2185-92.
13. Mackay A, Hill J, Rajashekara K. Modelling of fuel cell APU utilisation for aircraft applications. In: 8th International energy conversion engineering conference, Nashville, TN; 2010.
14. Pratt J.W., Brouwer J., Samuelsen G.S. Performance of proton exchange membrane fuel cell at high-altitude conditions. J Propul Power 2007, 23:437-444.
15. Tarroja B, Mueller F, Pratt JW, Brouwer J. Thermodynamic design analysis of a solid oxide fuel cell gas turbine hybrid system for high-altitude applications. In: 7th Annual international energy conversion engineering conference, Denver, CO; 2009.
16. Munoz-Ramos K, Pratt J, Klebanoff L, Akhil A, Schenkman B, Curgus D. Electrical analysis of proton exchange membrane fuel cells for electrical power generation on-board commercial airplanes. In: Presented at the 2012 IEEE transportation electrification conference and expo, Dearborn, MI; 2012.
17. Breit J. Finding an optimum path to fuel cell technology for airplanes. In: Presented at the 8th international energy conversion engineering conference, Nashville, TN; 2010.
18. Boeing Commercial Airplanes. 787 Airplane characteristics for airport planning, rev. D, Seattle, WA; 2009.
19. Roskam J., Lan C.-T.E. Airplane aerodynamics and performance 1997, DARcorporation, Lawrence (KS).
20. Nelson T. 787 Systems and performance. The Boeing Company; 2005.
21. Boeing's new airplane - design highlights - lower fuel consumption; date unknown. [accessed 18.02.11]. http://www.newairplane.com/787/design_highlights.
22. Fuel consumption analysis of the Boeing 767-200ER and Airbus 330-200 in commercial service when operated at high take-off gross weight with oil at $100 and $125 per barrel. Conklin and de Decker aviation information, Arlington, TX TX-08-006; 2008.
23. Hilkevitch J, Johnsson J. Cost-cutting measure fuels debate at American Airlines. Chicago Tribune; 2010.
24. Filippone A. Flight performance of fixed and rotary wing aircraft; 2006 [31.01.11].
25. Boeing's new airplane - visionary design; date unknown. [accessed 18.02.11]. http://www.newairplane.com/787/design_highlights.
26. EG&G Technical Services Inc. Fuel cell handbook, 7th ed. US Department of Energy; 2004.
27. Larminie J., Dicks A. Fuel cell systems explained 2003, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken (NJ). 2nd ed.
28. HYPM-power modules: 03-2010. Hydrogenics Corporation, Mississauga, Ontario; 2010.
29. Le Canut J.-M., Abouatallah R.M., Harrington D.A. Detection of membrane drying, fuel cell flooding, and anode catalyst poisoning on PEMFC stacks by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. J Electrochem Soc 2006, 153:A857-A864.
30. Aceves S.M., Espinosa-Loza F., Ledesma-Orozco E., Ross T.O., Weisberg A.H., Brunner T.C., et al. High-density automotive hydrogen storage with cryogenic capable pressure vessels. Int J Hydrogen Energy 2010, 35:1219-1226.
31. Ahluwalia R.K., Hua T.Q., Peng J.K., Lasher S., McKenney K., Sinha J., et al. Technical assessment of cryo-compressed hydrogen storage tank systems for automotive applications. Int J Hydrogen Energy 2010, 35:4171-4184.
32. Chao BS, Young RC, Myasnikov V, Li Y, Huang B, Gingl F, et al. Recent advances in solid hydrogen storage systems. In: Materials research society symposium proceedings, vol. 801; 2004. p. BB1.4.1-13.
33. Tuffshell® H2 fuel tanks. Lincoln Composites, Lincoln, NE; date unknown.
34. High pressure lightweight type IV H2 cylinders - 34L/40L. Quantum Fuel Systems Technologies Worldwide Inc., Lake Forest, CA; date unknown.
35. High pressure lightweight type IV H2 cylinders - 38L. Quantum Fuel Systems Technologies Worldwide Inc., Lake Forest, CA; date unknown.
36. High pressure lightweight type IV H2 cylinders - 129L. Quantum Fuel Systems Technologies Worldwide Inc., Lake Forest, CA; date unknown.
37. Development of Innovative Hydrogen Storage Technologies; 2010. [accessed 13.10.10]. http://www.magna.com/xchg/SID-0A200004-DF65BCBE/complete_vehicle/XSL/standard.xsl/-/content/9_1418.htm.
38. Storing hydrogen; 2010. [accessed 17.11.10]. http://www.dta.airliquide.com/en/our-offer/decentralized-energies/hydrogen-energy-5/storing-hydrogen.html.
39. Engineering services: fuel cell DC-DC converter; date unknown. [accessed 22.02.11]. http://www.avinc.com/engineering/dc-dc_converter.
40. Three-phase DC-AC converter DA02 (Export Power). US hybrid, Torrance, CA; 2010.
41. Pratt JW, Klebanoff LE, Munoz-Ramos K, Akhil AA, Curgus DB, Schenkman BL. Proton exchange membrane fuel cells for electrical power generation on-board commercial airplanes. Sandia National Laboratories, report SAND2011-3119; 2011.
42. World jet fuel specifications with avgas supplement. ExxonMobil Aviation, Leatherhead, UK; 2005.
43. Technical plan - fuel cells, US Department of Energy; 2007.
44. Technical plan - storage, US Department of Energy; 2009.
45. Roth B, Giffin III R. Fuel cell hybrid propulsion challenges and opportunities for commercial aviation. In: 8th International energy conversion engineering conference, Nashville, TN; 2010.
46. Orders and deliveries; date unknown. [accessed 30.03.11]. http://www.active.boeing.com/commercial/orders/index.cfm.
47. Long-term market, current market outlook 2010-2029; date unknown. [accessed 30.03.11]. http://www.active.boeing.com/commercial/forecast_data/index.cfm.
48. Greenhouse gas equivalencies calculator; 2011. [accessed 21.11.11]. http://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/energy-resources/calculator.html.