Comparison of new conductive adhesives based on silver and carbon nanotubes for solar cells interconnection

Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells

Volumn 109, Issue , 2013, Pages 155-159

  Zemen, Y ^a   Schulz, S C ^b   Trommler, H ^a,b   Buschhorn, S T ^b   Bauhofer, W ^b   Schulte, K ^b  

^a SOLON SE ^*  (Germany)

^b HAMBURG UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Germany)

Author keywords

Adhesive; Carbon nanotube; Electrical conductivity; Epoxy; Solar cell

Indexed keywords

CELL THICKNESS; COEFFICIENTS OF THERMAL EXPANSIONS; CONDUCTIVE ADHESIVE; ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY; EPOXY; HEAT SENSITIVE; HETEROJUNCTION SOLAR CELLS; INDUCED STRESS; INTERCONNECTION TECHNIQUE; INTERCONNECTORS; MAIN PROCESS; PHOTOVOLTAIC MODULES; RESISTANCE MEASUREMENT; SINGLE CELLS; SOLDERING TEMPERATURE;

ADHESIVES; CARBON NANOTUBES; ELECTRIC CONDUCTIVITY; HETEROJUNCTIONS; SILVER; SOLDERING; THERMAL EXPANSION;

SOLAR CELLS;

EID: 84869866220     PISSN: 09270248     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.solmat.2012.10.020     Document Type: Article

References (35)

1. P. Bermel, C. Luo, L. Zeng, L.C. Kimerling, and J.D. Joannopoulos Improving thin-film crystalline silicon solar cell efficiencies with photonic crystals Optics Express 15 2007 16986 17000
2. A. Goetzberger, J. Luther, and G. Willeke Solar cells: past, present, future Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 74 2002 1 11
3. T. Kinoshita, D. Fujishima, A. Yano, A. Ogane, S. Tohoda, K. Matsuyama, Y. Nakamura, N. Tokuoka, H. Kanno, H. Sakata, M. Taguchi, E. Maruyama, The approaches for high efficiency HIT™ solar cell with very thin (<100 μm) silicon wafer over 23%, in: Proceedings of the 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, Hamburg, Germany, 2011 871-874.
4. P.-J. Ribeyron1, D. Muñoz, J.-P. Kleider, W. Favre, P. Rocai Cabarrocas, M. Labrune, B. Geerligs, A. Weeber, M. Späth, C. Olson, N. Dekker, G.J.H.M. van Sark, J.A. Schüttauf, J.K. Rath, R.E.I. Schropp, M. Tucci, S. De Iuliis, I. Gordon, B. O'Sullivan, A. Descoeudres, S. De Wolf, C.Ballif, T. Schultze, L. Korte, F. Madon, N. Le Quang, M. Scherff, R. Doll, Y. Zemen, G. Zietek, European record efficiency amorphous-crystalline-silicon heterojunction solar cells: final results from the Hetsi project, in: Proceedings of the 26th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, Hamburg, Germany, 2011 853-857.
5. Y. Zemen, T. Prewitz, T. Geipel, S. Pingel, J. Berghold. The impact of yield strength on the interconnector on the internal stress of the solar cell within a module, in: Proceedings of the 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, Valencia, Spain, 2010 4073-4078
6. J. Wendt, M. Träger, M. Mette, A. Pfennig, B. Jäckel, The link between mechanical stress induced by soldering and micro damage in silicon solar cells, in: Proceedings of the 24th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, Hamburg, Germany, 2009 3420-3423
7. A.M. Gabor, M. Ralli, S. Montminy, L. Alegria, C. Bordanaro, J. Woods, L. Felton, Soldering induced damage to thin Si solar cells and detection of cracked cells in modules, in: Proceedings of the 21st European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference, Dresden, Germany, 2006.
8. W. Hermann (TÜV Nord), Proceedings of the Accelerated Lab Testing PV Module Reliability Workshop, Berlin, 2011.
9. X. Lin, F. Lin, The improvement on the properties of silver-containing conductive adhesives by the addition of carbon nanotubes, in: Proceedings of the 6th IEEE CPMT Conference, Shanghai, China, 2004 382-384.
10. A. Allaoui, S. Bai, H.M. Cheng, and J.B. Bai Mechanical and electrical properties of a MWNT/epoxy composite Composites Science and Technology 62 2002 1993 1998
11. A. Allaoui, and N.E. Bounia Rheological and electrical transitions in carbon nanotube/epoxy suspensions Nanoscience 6 2010 158 162
12. P. Pötschke, T.D. Fornes, and D.R. Paul Rheological behavior of multiwalled carbon nanotube/polycarbonate composites Polymer 43 2002 3247 3255
13. P. Pötschke, M. Abdel-Goad, I. Alig, S. Dudkin, and D. Lellinger Rheological and dielectrical characterization of melt mixed polycarbonate- multiwalled carbon nanotube composites Polymer 45 2004 8863 8870
14. E.K. Hobbie Shear rheology of carbon nanotube suspensions Rheologica Acta 49 2010 323 334
15. B. Fiedler, F.H. Gojny, M.H.G. Wichmann, M.C.M. Nolte, and K. Schulte Fundamental aspects of nano-reinforced composites Composites Science and Technology 66 2006 3115 3125
16. E.T. Thostenson, Z. Ren, and T.W. Chou Advances in the science and technology of carbon nanotubes and their composites: a review Composites Science and Technology 61 2001 1899 1912
17. W. Bauhofer, and J.Z. Kovacs A review and analysis of electrical percolation in carbon nanotube polymer composites Composites Science and Technology 69 2009 1486 1498
18. K.I. Winey, T. Kashiwagi, and M. Mu Improving electrical conductivity and thermal properties of polymers by the addition of carbon nanotubes as fillers MRS Bulletin 32 2007 348 353
19. Y.X. Zhou, P.X. Wu, Z.Y. Cheng, J. Ingram, and S. Jeelani Improvement in electrical, thermal and mechanical properties of epoxy by filling carbon nanotube Express Polymer Letters 2 2007 40 48
20. V. Sgobba, and D.M. Guldi Carbon nanotubes as integrative materials for organic photovoltaic devices Journal of Materials Chemistry 18 2008 153 157
21. J.K.W. Sandler, J.E. Kirk, I.A. Kinloch, M.S.P. Shaffer, and A.H. Windle Ultra-low electrical percolation threshold in carbon-nanotube-epoxy composites Polymer 44 2003 5893 5899
22. F.H. Gojny, M.H.G. Wichmann, U. Köpke, B. Fiedler, and K. Schulte Carbon nanotube-reinforced epoxy-composites: enhanced stiffness and fracture toughness at low nanotube content Composites Science and Technology 64 2004 2363 2371
23. K. Kaneto, M. Tsuruta, G. Sakai, W.Y. Cho, and Y. Ando Electrical conductivities of multi-wall carbon nano tubes Synthetic Metals 103 1999 2543 2546
24. H. Fecht, et. al., Advanced adhesives based on carbon nanotube technology, in: Proceedings of the 2nd European Conference on Smart Systems Integration and Exhibition on Integration Issues of Miniaturized Systems, 2008 161-164.
25. P. Sanchez-Friera, et al. Power losses in c-Si-PV modules due to interconnection, in: Proceedings of the 23rd EU PVSEC, 2008 2701-2704.
26. S.C. Schulz, and W. Bauhofer Shear influenced network dynamics and electrical conductivity recovery in carbon nanotube/epoxy suspensions Polymer 51 2010 5500 5505
27. J. Sumfleth, S.T. Buschhorn, and K. Schulte Comparison of rheological and electrical percolation phenomena in carbon black and carbon nanotube filled epoxy polymers Journal of Materials Science 46 2011 659 669
28. M.H.G. Wichmann, S.T. Buschhorn, J. Gehrmann, and K. Schulte Piezoresistive response of epoxy composites with carbon nanoparticles under tensile load Physical Review B 80 2009 245437 245445
29. Y. Breton, G. Desarmot, J.P. Salvetat, S. Delpeux, C. Sinturel, F. Beguin, and S. Bonnamy Mechanical properties of multiwall carbon nanotubes/epoxy composites: influence of network morphology Carbon 42 2004 1027 1030
30. T. Fuyuki, H. Kondo, Y. Kaji, A. Ogane, and Y. Takahashi Analytic findings in the electroluminescence characterization of crystalline silicon solar cells Journal of Applied Physics 101 2007 023711 023715
31. O. Breitenstein, J. Bauer, T. Trupke, and R.A. Bardos On the detection of shunts in silicon solar cells by photo- and electroluminescence imaging Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications 16 2008 325 330
32. T. Prasse, J.Y. Cavaille, and W. Bauhofer Electric anisotropy of carbon nanofibre/epoxy resin composites due to electric field induced alignment Composites Science and Technology 63 2003 1835 1841
33. C.A. Martin, J.K.W. Sandler, A.H. Windle, M.K. Schwarz, W. Bauhofer, K. Schulte, and M.S.P. Shaffer Electric field-induced aligned multi-wall carbon nanotube networks in epoxy composites Polymer 46 2005 877 886
34. S.T. Buschhorn, M.H.G. Wichmann, J. Sumfleth, K. Schulte, S. Pegel, G.R. Kasaliwal, T. Villmow, B. Krause, A. Gördel, and P. Pötschke Characterization of the state of dispersion of carbon nanotubes in polymer nanocomposites Chemie Ingenieur Technik 83 2011 767 781
35. S.T. Buschhorn, Patent PCT/EP2011/052862.