메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 87, Issue , 2013, Pages 57-64

Heavy metals assessment in urban soil around industrial clusters in Ghaziabad, India: Probabilistic health risk approach

Author keywords

Cluster analysis; Industrial city; Metals; Non cancer and cancer risk; Urban soil

Indexed keywords

CADMIUM; CHROMIUM; COPPER; HEAVY METAL; IRON; LEAD; MANGANESE; NICKEL; ZINC;

EID: 84869861954     PISSN: 01476513     EISSN: 10902414     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.08.032     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (379)

References (60)
  • 1
    • 0037182387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Soils: their implications to human health
    • Abrahams P.W. Soils: their implications to human health. Sci. Tot. Environ 2002, 29:1-32.
    • (2002) Sci. Tot. Environ , vol.29 , pp. 1-32
    • Abrahams, P.W.1
  • 2
    • 33344471144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metals distribution in soils around the cement factory in southern Jordan
    • Al-Khashman O.A., Shawabkeh R.A. Metals distribution in soils around the cement factory in southern Jordan. Environ. Pollut. 2006, 140:387-394.
    • (2006) Environ. Pollut. , vol.140 , pp. 387-394
    • Al-Khashman, O.A.1    Shawabkeh, R.A.2
  • 4
    • 33544472102 scopus 로고
    • Human Exposure to Soil Contamination: A Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis towards Proposals for Human Toxicological Intervention Values
    • Bilthoven, The Netherlands
    • Berg, V.D., 1995. Human Exposure to Soil Contamination: A Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis towards Proposals for Human Toxicological Intervention Values. RIVM Report no. 725201011. : National Institute of Public Health and Environmental Protection (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
    • (1995) RIVM Report no. 725201011. : National Institute of Public Health and Environmental Protection (RIVM)
    • Berg, V.D.1
  • 5
    • 84871143050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Census of India., Available from:
    • Census of India., 2011. Available from: http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov%20results/data_files/up/Census2011UttarPradeshPaper1.pdf.
    • (2011)
  • 6
    • 84858752270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of heavy metal contamination in Hindon River sediments: a chemometric and geochemical approach
    • Chabukdhara M., Nema A.K. Assessment of heavy metal contamination in Hindon River sediments: a chemometric and geochemical approach. Chemosphere 2012, 87:945-953.
    • (2012) Chemosphere , vol.87 , pp. 945-953
    • Chabukdhara, M.1    Nema, A.K.2
  • 9
    • 33749314874 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distribution of heavy metals and arsenic in soils of Belgrade (Serbia and Montenegro)
    • Crnković D., Ristić M., Antonović D. Distribution of heavy metals and arsenic in soils of Belgrade (Serbia and Montenegro). Soil Sediment Contam. 2006, 15:581-589.
    • (2006) Soil Sediment Contam. , vol.15 , pp. 581-589
    • Crnković, D.1    Ristić, M.2    Antonović, D.3
  • 10
    • 12344301267 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heavy metals as toxicants in big cities
    • Davydova S. Heavy metals as toxicants in big cities. Microchem. J. 2005, 79:133-316.
    • (2005) Microchem. J. , vol.79 , pp. 133-316
    • Davydova, S.1
  • 11
    • 0033982622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urban soil management: a growing concern
    • De Kimple C.R., Morel J.F. Urban soil management: a growing concern. Soil Sci. 2000, 165:31-40.
    • (2000) Soil Sci. , vol.165 , pp. 31-40
    • De Kimple, C.R.1    Morel, J.F.2
  • 12
    • 1642551720 scopus 로고
    • Department of Soil Protection, Netherlands, Netherlands Intervention Values for Soil Remediation. Reference DBO/07494013.
    • Department of Soil Protection, Netherlands. 1994. The Netherlands Soil Contamination Guidelines, Netherlands Intervention Values for Soil Remediation. Reference DBO/07494013.
    • (1994) The Netherlands Soil Contamination Guidelines
  • 13
    • 0347765764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lead contamination and isotope signaturesin the urban environment
    • Duzgoren-Aydin N.S., Li X.D., Wong S.C. Lead contamination and isotope signaturesin the urban environment. Environ. Int. 2004, 30:209-217.
    • (2004) Environ. Int. , vol.30 , pp. 209-217
    • Duzgoren-Aydin, N.S.1    Li, X.D.2    Wong, S.C.3
  • 14
    • 0034925234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multivariate statistical and GIS-based approach to identify heavy metal sources in soils
    • Facchinelli A., Sacchi E., Mallen L. Multivariate statistical and GIS-based approach to identify heavy metal sources in soils. Environ. Pollut. 2001, 114:313-324.
    • (2001) Environ. Pollut. , vol.114 , pp. 313-324
    • Facchinelli, A.1    Sacchi, E.2    Mallen, L.3
  • 15
    • 23044461502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geochemistry and risk assessment of street dust in Luanda, Angola: a tropical urban environment
    • Ferreira-Baptista L., De Miguel E Geochemistry and risk assessment of street dust in Luanda, Angola: a tropical urban environment. Atmos. Environ. 2005, 39:4501-4512.
    • (2005) Atmos. Environ. , vol.39 , pp. 4501-4512
    • Ferreira-Baptista, L.1    De Miguel, E.2
  • 16
    • 0030824056 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heavy metal soil pollution cartography in northern France
    • Frangi J.P., Richard D. Heavy metal soil pollution cartography in northern France. Sci. Tot. Environ. 1997, 205:71-79.
    • (1997) Sci. Tot. Environ. , vol.205 , pp. 71-79
    • Frangi, J.P.1    Richard, D.2
  • 17
    • 0038453511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contamination of soil due to heavy metals in the Patancheru development industrial area, Andhra Pradesh, India
    • Govil P.K., Reddy J.L.N., Krishna A.K. Contamination of soil due to heavy metals in the Patancheru development industrial area, Andhra Pradesh, India. Environ. Geol. 2001, 41:461-469.
    • (2001) Environ. Geol. , vol.41 , pp. 461-469
    • Govil, P.K.1    Reddy, J.L.N.2    Krishna, A.K.3
  • 18
    • 31344474232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multivariate analysis of heavy metalcontamination in urban dusts of Xi'an, Central China
    • Han Y.M., Du P.X., Cao J.J., Posmentier E.S. Multivariate analysis of heavy metalcontamination in urban dusts of Xi'an, Central China. Sci. Tot. Environ. 2006, 355:176-186.
    • (2006) Sci. Tot. Environ. , vol.355 , pp. 176-186
    • Han, Y.M.1    Du, P.X.2    Cao, J.J.3    Posmentier, E.S.4
  • 19
    • 79954417659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bioaccessibility and health risk of arsenic, mercury and other metals in urban street dusts from a mega-city, Nanjing, China
    • Hu X., Zhang Y., Luo J., Wang T., Lian H., Ding Z. Bioaccessibility and health risk of arsenic, mercury and other metals in urban street dusts from a mega-city, Nanjing, China. Environ. Pollut. 2011, 159:1215-1221.
    • (2011) Environ. Pollut. , vol.159 , pp. 1215-1221
    • Hu, X.1    Zhang, Y.2    Luo, J.3    Wang, T.4    Lian, H.5    Ding, Z.6
  • 20
    • 79960180628 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Distribution, correlation and risk assessment of selected metals in urban soils from Islamabad, Pakistan
    • Iqbal J., Shah M.H. Distribution, correlation and risk assessment of selected metals in urban soils from Islamabad, Pakistan. J. Hazard. Mater. 2011, 192:887-898.
    • (2011) J. Hazard. Mater. , vol.192 , pp. 887-898
    • Iqbal, J.1    Shah, M.H.2
  • 21
    • 0029663844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urban geochemistry: a study of the influence of anthropogenic activity on the heavy metal content of soils in traditionally industrial and non-industrial areas of Britain
    • Kelly J., Thornton I., Simpson P.R. Urban geochemistry: a study of the influence of anthropogenic activity on the heavy metal content of soils in traditionally industrial and non-industrial areas of Britain. Appl. Geochem. 1996, 11:363-370.
    • (1996) Appl. Geochem. , vol.11 , pp. 363-370
    • Kelly, J.1    Thornton, I.2    Simpson, P.R.3
  • 22
    • 12844253947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heavy metal contamination of soil around Pali Industrial Area, Rajasthan, India
    • Krishna A.K., Govil P.K. Heavy metal contamination of soil around Pali Industrial Area, Rajasthan, India. Environ. Geol. 2004, 47:38-44.
    • (2004) Environ. Geol. , vol.47 , pp. 38-44
    • Krishna, A.K.1    Govil, P.K.2
  • 23
    • 21344450317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heavy metal distribution and contamination in soils of Thane Belapur industrial development area, Mumbai, Western India
    • Krishna A.K., Govil P.K. Heavy metal distribution and contamination in soils of Thane Belapur industrial development area, Mumbai, Western India. Environ. Geol. 2005, 47:1054-1061.
    • (2005) Environ. Geol. , vol.47 , pp. 1054-1061
    • Krishna, A.K.1    Govil, P.K.2
  • 24
    • 43549101144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of heavy metal contamination in soils around Manali industrial area, Chennai, southern India
    • Krishna A.K., Govil P.K. Assessment of heavy metal contamination in soils around Manali industrial area, Chennai, southern India. Environ. Geol. 2008, 54:1465-1472.
    • (2008) Environ. Geol. , vol.54 , pp. 1465-1472
    • Krishna, A.K.1    Govil, P.K.2
  • 25
    • 32644475336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metal contamination in urban, suburban, and country park soils of Hong Kong: a study based on GIS and multivariate statistics
    • Lee C.S., Li X.D., Shi W.Z., Cheung S.C., Thornton I. Metal contamination in urban, suburban, and country park soils of Hong Kong: a study based on GIS and multivariate statistics. Sci. Tot. Environ 2006, 356:45-61.
    • (2006) Sci. Tot. Environ , vol.356 , pp. 45-61
    • Lee, C.S.1    Li, X.D.2    Shi, W.Z.3    Cheung, S.C.4    Thornton, I.5
  • 26
    • 0034994869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heavy metal contamination of urban soils and street dusts in Hong Kong
    • Li X.D., Poon C.S., Liu P.S. Heavy metal contamination of urban soils and street dusts in Hong Kong. Appl. Geochem. 2001, 16:1361-1368.
    • (2001) Appl. Geochem. , vol.16 , pp. 1361-1368
    • Li, X.D.1    Poon, C.S.2    Liu, P.S.3
  • 27
    • 0942279397 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The study of metal contamination in urban soils of Hong Kong using a GIS-based approach
    • Li X.D., Lee S.L., Wong S.C., Shi W.Z., Thornton I. The study of metal contamination in urban soils of Hong Kong using a GIS-based approach. Environ. Pollut. 2004, 129:113-124.
    • (2004) Environ. Pollut. , vol.129 , pp. 113-124
    • Li, X.D.1    Lee, S.L.2    Wong, S.C.3    Shi, W.Z.4    Thornton, I.5
  • 28
    • 33847246390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heavy metal concentrations in soils and plant accumulation in a restored manganese mineland in Guangxi, aouth China
    • Li M.S., Luo Y.P., Su Z.Y. Heavy metal concentrations in soils and plant accumulation in a restored manganese mineland in Guangxi, aouth China. Environ. Pollut. 2007, 147:168-175.
    • (2007) Environ. Pollut. , vol.147 , pp. 168-175
    • Li, M.S.1    Luo, Y.P.2    Su, Z.Y.3
  • 29
    • 37749038378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heavy metal contamination and health risk assessment in the vicinity of the abandoned Songcheon Au-Ag mine in Korea
    • Lim H-S., Lee J-S., Chon H-T., Sager M. Heavy metal contamination and health risk assessment in the vicinity of the abandoned Songcheon Au-Ag mine in Korea. J. Geochem. Expl. 2008, 96:223-230.
    • (2008) J. Geochem. Expl. , vol.96 , pp. 223-230
    • Lim, H.-S.1    Lee, J.-S.2    Chon, H.-T.3    Sager, M.4
  • 30
    • 77953617734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health risk assessment of abandoned agricultural soils based on heavy metal contents in Hong Kong, the world's most populated city
    • Man Y.B., Sun X.L., Zhao Y.G., Lopez B.N., Chung S.S., Wu S.C., Cheung K.C., Wong M.H. Health risk assessment of abandoned agricultural soils based on heavy metal contents in Hong Kong, the world's most populated city. Environ. Int. 2010, 36:570-576.
    • (2010) Environ. Int. , vol.36 , pp. 570-576
    • Man, Y.B.1    Sun, X.L.2    Zhao, Y.G.3    Lopez, B.N.4    Chung, S.S.5    Wu, S.C.6    Cheung, K.C.7    Wong, M.H.8
  • 31
    • 2242451453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Heavy metals in urban soils: a case study from the city of Palermo (Sicily), Italy
    • Manta D.S., Angelone M., Bellanca A., Neri R., Sprovieri M. Heavy metals in urban soils: a case study from the city of Palermo (Sicily), Italy. Sci. Tot. Environ. 2002, 300:229-243.
    • (2002) Sci. Tot. Environ. , vol.300 , pp. 229-243
    • Manta, D.S.1    Angelone, M.2    Bellanca, A.3    Neri, R.4    Sprovieri, M.5
  • 32
    • 0032838186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The urban environment and children's health: soils as an integrator of lead, zinc, and cadmium in New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S.A
    • Mielke H.W., Gonzales C.R., Smith M.K., Mielke P.W. The urban environment and children's health: soils as an integrator of lead, zinc, and cadmium in New Orleans, Louisiana, U.S.A. J. Environ. Res. 1999, 81:117-129.
    • (1999) J. Environ. Res. , vol.81 , pp. 117-129
    • Mielke, H.W.1    Gonzales, C.R.2    Smith, M.K.3    Mielke, P.W.4
  • 33
    • 33751242739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk-based evaluation of the exposure of children to trace elements in playgrounds in Madrid (Spain)
    • Miguel De, Iribarren E., Chacón I., Ordoňez E., Charlesworth, S.A. Risk-based evaluation of the exposure of children to trace elements in playgrounds in Madrid (Spain). Chemosphere 2007, 66:505-513.
    • (2007) Chemosphere , vol.66 , pp. 505-513
    • Miguel, D.1    Iribarren, E.2    Chacón, I.3    Ordoňez, E.4    Charlesworth, S.A.5
  • 34
    • 84871110019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
    • Available at:
    • Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, 2010. Annual report to the people on Health. Available at: http://mohfw.nic.in/WriteReadData/l892s/9457038092AnnualReporthealth.pdf.
    • (2010) Annual report to the people on Health
  • 36
    • 84855722387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimation of daily intake of potentially toxic elements from urban street dust and the role of oral bioaccessibility testing
    • Okorie A., Entwistle J., Dean J.R. Estimation of daily intake of potentially toxic elements from urban street dust and the role of oral bioaccessibility testing. Chemosphere 2012, 86:460-467.
    • (2012) Chemosphere , vol.86 , pp. 460-467
    • Okorie, A.1    Entwistle, J.2    Dean, J.R.3
  • 37
    • 0030437225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The application of geographic information systems to geochemical studies in Jamaica
    • Preston J., Engel B., Lalor G.C., Vutchkov M.K. The application of geographic information systems to geochemical studies in Jamaica. Environ. Geochem. Health 1996, 18:99-104.
    • (1996) Environ. Geochem. Health , vol.18 , pp. 99-104
    • Preston, J.1    Engel, B.2    Lalor, G.C.3    Vutchkov, M.K.4
  • 38
    • 71749110339 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantification and distribution of heavy metals from small-scale industrial areas of Kanpur city, India
    • Rawat M., Ramanathan A.L., Subramanian V. Quantification and distribution of heavy metals from small-scale industrial areas of Kanpur city, India. J. Hazard. Mater. 2009, 172:1145-1149.
    • (2009) J. Hazard. Mater. , vol.172 , pp. 1145-1149
    • Rawat, M.1    Ramanathan, A.L.2    Subramanian, V.3
  • 39
    • 0030724609 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trace elementpollution of soil collected near a municipal solid waste incinerator: human risk
    • Schuhmacher M., Meneses M., Granero S., Llobet J.M., Domingo J.L. Trace elementpollution of soil collected near a municipal solid waste incinerator: human risk. Environ. Cont. Toxicol 1997, 59:861-867.
    • (1997) Environ. Cont. Toxicol , vol.59 , pp. 861-867
    • Schuhmacher, M.1    Meneses, M.2    Granero, S.3    Llobet, J.M.4    Domingo, J.L.5
  • 40
    • 55749111071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potentially toxic metal contamination of urban soils and roadside dust in Shanghai,
    • Shi G.T., Chen Z.L., Xu S.Y., Zhang J., Wang L., Bi C., Teng J. Potentially toxic metal contamination of urban soils and roadside dust in Shanghai,. China. Environ. Pollut. 2008, 156:251-260.
    • (2008) China. Environ. Pollut. , vol.156 , pp. 251-260
    • Shi, G.T.1    Chen, Z.L.2    Xu, S.Y.3    Zhang, J.4    Wang, L.5    Bi, C.6    Teng, J.7
  • 41
    • 78751575907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparative study of health risk of potentially toxic metals in urban and suburban road dust in the most populated city of China
    • Shi G., Chen Z., Bi C., Wang L., Teng J., Li Y., Xu S. A comparative study of health risk of potentially toxic metals in urban and suburban road dust in the most populated city of China. Atmos. Environ. 2011, 45:764-771.
    • (2011) Atmos. Environ. , vol.45 , pp. 764-771
    • Shi, G.1    Chen, Z.2    Bi, C.3    Wang, L.4    Teng, J.5    Li, Y.6    Xu, S.7
  • 42
    • 0028973551 scopus 로고
    • Airborne dust and its significance to soils
    • Simonson R.W. Airborne dust and its significance to soils. Geoderma 1995, 65:1-43.
    • (1995) Geoderma , vol.65 , pp. 1-43
    • Simonson, R.W.1
  • 43
    • 33746721473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lead decline in the Indian environment resulting from the petrol lead phase-out programme
    • Singh A.K., Singh M. Lead decline in the Indian environment resulting from the petrol lead phase-out programme. Sci. Tot. Environ. 2006, 368:686-694.
    • (2006) Sci. Tot. Environ. , vol.368 , pp. 686-694
    • Singh, A.K.1    Singh, M.2
  • 44
    • 41249085414 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Site-specific risk assessment in contaminated vegetable gardens
    • Sipter E., Rózsa E., Gruiz K., Tátrai E., Morvai V. Site-specific risk assessment in contaminated vegetable gardens. Chemosphere 2008, 71:1301-1307.
    • (2008) Chemosphere , vol.71 , pp. 1301-1307
    • Sipter, E.1    Rózsa, E.2    Gruiz, K.3    Tátrai, E.4    Morvai, V.5
  • 45
    • 0034117533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of selected element concentrations and enrichment ratios in background and anthropogenically impacted roadside areas
    • Surthland R.A., Tolosa C.A., Tack F.M.G., Verloo M.G. Characterization of selected element concentrations and enrichment ratios in background and anthropogenically impacted roadside areas. Arch. Environ. Contamin. Toxicol 2000, 38:428-438.
    • (2000) Arch. Environ. Contamin. Toxicol , vol.38 , pp. 428-438
    • Surthland, R.A.1    Tolosa, C.A.2    Tack, F.M.G.3    Verloo, M.G.4
  • 46
    • 84878121577 scopus 로고
    • Metal contamination of soils in urban areas
    • Blackwell, P. Bullock, P.J. Greory (Eds.)
    • Thornton I. Metal contamination of soils in urban areas. Soils in the Urban Environment 1991, 47-75. Blackwell. P. Bullock, P.J. Greory (Eds.).
    • (1991) Soils in the Urban Environment , pp. 47-75
    • Thornton, I.1
  • 47
    • 78650523936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • USDoE., U.S. Department of Energy's Oak Ridge Operations Office (ORO)
    • USDoE., 2011. The Risk Assessment Information System (RAIS). U.S. Department of Energy's Oak Ridge Operations Office (ORO).
    • (2011) The Risk Assessment Information System (RAIS).
  • 48
    • 84855362605 scopus 로고
    • US EPA (US Environmental Protection Agency)., Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund. EPA/ 540/1-89/002, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. USEnvironmental ProtectionAgency.Washington,DC, Available from:
    • US EPA (US Environmental Protection Agency)., 1989. Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund. Human Health Evaluation Manual. EPA/ 540/1-89/002, vol. I. Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. USEnvironmental ProtectionAgency.Washington,DC, Available from: http://www.epa.gov/superfund/programs/risk/ragsa/index.htm.
    • (1989) Human Health Evaluation Manual , vol.1
  • 49
    • 84871126377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US EPA., 1990. National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan, 40 CRFPart 300. US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
    • US EPA., 1990. National Oil and Hazardous Substances Pollution Contingency Plan, 40 CRFPart 300. US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
  • 50
    • 84938747806 scopus 로고
    • Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund, Human Health EvaluationManual
    • US EPA., PB92-963333, Publication 9285.7-01B. Office of Emergencyand Remedial Response, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
    • US EPA., 1991a. Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund, vol. I, Human Health EvaluationManual. Part B. Development of Risk-based Preliminary Remediation Goals (Interim), PB92-963333. Publication 9285.7-01B. Office of Emergencyand Remedial Response, US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
    • (1991) Development of Risk-based Preliminary Remediation Goals (Interim) , vol.1 , Issue.PART B
  • 51
    • 84869872130 scopus 로고
    • Role of the Baseline Risk Assessment in Superfund Remedy Selection Decisions. Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response
    • US EPA
    • US EPA Role of the Baseline Risk Assessment in Superfund Remedy Selection Decisions. Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. OSWER Directive 1991, 9355:0-30.
    • (1991) OSWER Directive , vol.9355 , pp. 0-30
  • 52
    • 0004113921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US EPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency), Method 3050B:, Sludges and Soils, (revision 2).
    • US EPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency), Method 3050B:,1996. Acid Digestion of Sediments, Sludges and Soils, (revision 2).
    • (1996) Acid Digestion of Sediments
  • 53
    • 0003432401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US EPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency)., EPA/600/P-95/002F. Washington, DC: Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development
    • US EPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency)., 1997. Exposure Factors Handbook. EPA/600/P-95/002F. Washington, DC: Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development.
    • (1997) Exposure Factors Handbook
  • 54
    • 84871115343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • US EPA (US Environmental Protection Agency Supplemental Guidance for Developing Soil Screening Levels for Superfund Sites. OSWER 9355.4-24., Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. US Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC, Available from:
    • US EPA (US Environmental Protection Agency Supplemental Guidance for Developing Soil Screening Levels for Superfund Sites. OSWER 9355.4-24.,2001. Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. US Environmental Protection Agency. Washington, DC, Available from: http://www.epa.gov/superfund/resources/soil/ssgmarch01.pdf.
    • (2001)
  • 55
    • 0036588398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Human health risk assessment case study: an abandoned metal smelter site in Poland
    • Wcislo E., Ioven D., Kucharski R., Szdzuj J. Human health risk assessment case study: an abandoned metal smelter site in Poland. Chemosphere 2002, 47:507-515.
    • (2002) Chemosphere , vol.47 , pp. 507-515
    • Wcislo, E.1    Ioven, D.2    Kucharski, R.3    Szdzuj, J.4
  • 56
    • 78649637947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of heavy metals contamination in urban topsoil from Changchun City, China
    • Yang Z., Lu W., Long Y., Bao X., Yang Q. Assessment of heavy metals contamination in urban topsoil from Changchun City, China. J. Geochem. Explor. 2011, 108:27-38.
    • (2011) J. Geochem. Explor. , vol.108 , pp. 27-38
    • Yang, Z.1    Lu, W.2    Long, Y.3    Bao, X.4    Yang, Q.5
  • 57
    • 0023523390 scopus 로고
    • Heavy metal contamination of roadside soils in the greater Athens area
    • Yassoglou N., Kosmas C., Asimakopoulos J., Kallianou C. Heavy metal contamination of roadside soils in the greater Athens area. Environ Pollut. 1987, 47:293-304.
    • (1987) Environ Pollut. , vol.47 , pp. 293-304
    • Yassoglou, N.1    Kosmas, C.2    Asimakopoulos, J.3    Kallianou, C.4
  • 58
    • 38149063721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multivariate statistics to investigate metal contamination in surface soil
    • Yay O.D., Alagha O., Tuncel G. Multivariate statistics to investigate metal contamination in surface soil. J. Environ. Manage 2008, 86:581-594.
    • (2008) J. Environ. Manage , vol.86 , pp. 581-594
    • Yay, O.D.1    Alagha, O.2    Tuncel, G.3
  • 59
    • 71849094543 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health risk assessment of heavy metal exposure to street dust in the zinc smelting district, northeast of China
    • Zheng N., Liu J., Wang Q., Liang Z. Health risk assessment of heavy metal exposure to street dust in the zinc smelting district, northeast of China. Sci. Tot. Environ. 2010, 408:726-733.
    • (2010) Sci. Tot. Environ. , vol.408 , pp. 726-733
    • Zheng, N.1    Liu, J.2    Wang, Q.3    Liang, Z.4
  • 60
    • 34548032987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative identification and source apportionment of anthropogenic heavy metals in marine sediment of Hong Kong
    • Zhou F., Guo H., Liu L. Quantitative identification and source apportionment of anthropogenic heavy metals in marine sediment of Hong Kong. Environ. Geol. 2007, 53:295-305.
    • (2007) Environ. Geol. , vol.53 , pp. 295-305
    • Zhou, F.1    Guo, H.2    Liu, L.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.