The Severity of behavioral changes observed during experimental exposures of killer (Orcinus orca), long-finned Pilot (Globicephala melas), and sperm (Physeter macrocephalus) whales to naval sonar

Aquatic Mammals

Volumn 38, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 362-401

  Miller, Patrick J O ^a   Kvadsheim, Petter H ^b   Lam, Frans Peter A ^c   Wensveen, Paul J ^a   Antunes, Ricardo ^a   Alves, Ana Catarina ^a   Visser, Fleur ^c,d   Kleivane, Lars ^b   Tyack, Peter L ^a,e   Sivle, Lise Doksæter ^f  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ST ANDREWS   (United Kingdom)

^b NORWEGIAN DEFENCE RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT FFI   (Norway)

^c TNO   (Netherlands)

^d Kelp Marine Research (KMR)   (Netherlands)

^e WOODS HOLE OCEANOGRAPHIC INSTITUTION   (United States)

^f INSTITUTE OF MARINE RESEARCH   (Norway)

Author keywords

Cetaceans; Controlled exposure experiments; Effects of sonar; Ocean noise; Severity scoring

Indexed keywords

BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY; CETACEAN; HYDROPHONE; NOISE; SONAR;

ANIMALIA; CETACEA; DELPHINIDAE; GLOBICEPHALA MELAS; ORCINUS ORCA; PHYSETER CATODON; PHYSETERIDAE;

EID: 84869783047     PISSN: 01675427     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1578/AM.38.4.2012.362     Document Type: Article

References (62)

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14. Finneran, J. J., Carder, D. A., Schlundt, C. E., & Ridgway, S. H. (2005). Temporary threshold shift in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) exposed to mid-frequency tones. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 118, 2696-2705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2032087
15. Frantzis, A. (1998). Does acoustic testing strand whales? Nature, 392, 29.
16. Hall, J. D., & Johnson, C. S. (1972). Auditory thresholds of a killer whale, Orcinus orca Linnaeus. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 51, 515-517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.1912871
17. Højsgaard, S., Halekoh, U., & Yan, J. (2006). The R package geepack for generalized estimating equations. Journal of Statistical Software, 15, 1-11.
18. Hooker, S. K., Baird, R. W., Al-Omari, S., Gowans, S., & Whitehead, H. (2001). Behavioral reactions of northern bottlenose whales (Hyperoodon ampullatus) to biopsy darting and tag attachment procedures. Fishery Bulletin, 99, 303-308.
19. Jensen, E. B. (1981). Sound propagation in shallow water: A detailed description of the acoustic field close to surface and bottom. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 70, 1397-1406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.387130
20. Johnson, C. S. (1966). Auditory thresholds of the bottlenose porpoise (Tursiops truncatus, Montagu). China Lake, CA: U.S. Naval Ordnance Test Station.
21. Johnson, C. S. (1968). Relation between absolute thresholdand duration-of-tone pulses in the bottlenosed porpoise. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 43(4), 757-763. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.1910893
22. Johnson, M. P., & Tyack, P. L. (2003). A digital acoustic recording tag for measuring the response of wild marine mammals to sound. IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering, 28, 3-12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/Joe.2002.808212
23. Kastelein, R. A., Hoek, L., de Jong, C. A., & Wensveen, P. J. (2010). The effect of signal duration on the underwater detection thresholds of a harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) for single frequency-modulated tonal signals between 0.25 and 160 kHz. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 128, 3211-3222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.3493435
24. Kastelein, R. A., Steen, N., Gransier, R., Wensveen, P. J., & de Jong, C. A. (2012). Threshold received sound pressure levels of single 1-2 kHz and 6-7 kHz up-sweeps and down-sweeps causing startle responses in a harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena). The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 131, 2325-2333. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.3682032
25. Kvadsheim, P. H., Lam, F. P. A., Miller, P. J. O., Alves, A. C., Antunes, R., Bocconcelli, A.,. .. Visser, F. (2009). Cetaceans and naval sonar - The 3S-2009 cruise report (FFI-rapport 2009/01140 ed.). Kjeller, Norway: Forsvarets Forskningsintitutt.
26. Malme, C. I., Miles, P. R., Clark, C. W., Tyack, P., & Bird, J. E. (1983). Investigations of the potential effects of underwater noise from petroleum industry activities on migrating gray whale behavior. Final report for the period of 7 June 1982-31 July 1983. Anchorage, AK: U.S. Minerals Management Service.
27. Malme, C. I., Miles, P. R., Clark, C. W., Tyack, P., & Bird, J. E. (1984). Investigations of the potential effects of underwater noise from petroleum industry activities on migrating gray whale behavior. Phase II: January 1984 migration. Anchorage, AK: U.S. Minerals Management Service.
28. Maybaum, H. L. (1993). Responses of humpback whales to sonar sounds. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 94, 1848-1849. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.407710
29. McCauley, R. D., Fewtrell, J., Duncan, A. J., Jenner, C., Jenner, M-N., Penrose, J. D.,. .. McCabe, K. (2000). Marine seismic surveys: A study of environmental implications. The Australian Petroleum Production and Exploration Association Journal, 40, 692-708.
30. McEwen, B. S., & Wingfield, J. C. (2003). The concept of allostasis in biology and biomedicine. Hormones and Behavior, 43, 2-15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0018-506X(02)00024-7
31. Miller, P. J. (2006). Diversity in sound pressure levels and estimated active space of resident killer whale vocalizations. Journal of Comparative Physiology A, 192, 449-459. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00359-005-0085-2
32. Miller, P. J., Johnson, M. P., & Tyack, P. L. (2004a). Sperm whale behaviour indicates the use of echolocation click buzzes "creaks" in prey capture. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 271, 2239-2247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2004.2863
33. Miller, P. J., Aoki, K., Rendell, L. E., & Amano, M. (2008). Stereotypical resting behavior of the sperm whale. Current Biology, 18, R21-23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2007.11.003
34. Miller, P. J., Biassoni, N., Samuels, A., & Tyack, P. L. (2000). Whale songs lengthen in response to sonar. Nature, 405, 903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35016148
35. Miller, P. J., Johnson, M. P., Tyack, P. L., & Terray, E. A. (2004b). Swimming gaits, passive drag and buoyancy of diving sperm whales Physeter macrocephalus. Journal of Experimental Biology, 207, 1953-1967. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.00993
36. Miller, P. J., Johnson, M. P., Madsen, P. T., Biassoni, N., Quero, M., & Tyack, P. L. (2009). Using at-sea experiments to study the effects of airguns on the foraging behavior of sperm whales in the Gulf of Mexico. Deep-Sea Research I, 56, 1168-1181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr.2009.02.008
37. Miller, P. J., Antunes, R., Alves, A. C., Wensveen, P., Kvadsheim, P., Kleivane, L.,. .. Tyack, P. L. (2011). The 3S experiments: Studying the behavioural effects
38. Finneran, J. J., Carder, D. A., Schlundt, C. E., & Dear, R. L. (2010). Growth and recovery of temporary threshold shift at 3 kHz in bottlenose dolphins: Experimental data and mathematical models. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 127, 3256-3266. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.3372710
39. Finneran, J. J., Carder, D. A., Schlundt, C. E., & Ridgway, S. H. (2005). Temporary threshold shift in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) exposed to mid-frequency tones. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 118, 2696-2705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2032087
40. Frantzis, A. (1998). Does acoustic testing strand whales? Nature, 392, 29.
41. Hall, J. D., & Johnson, C. S. (1972). Auditory thresholds of a killer whale, Orcinus orca Linnaeus. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 51, 515-517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.1912871
42. Højsgaard, S., Halekoh, U., & Yan, J. (2006). The R package geepack for generalized estimating equations. Journal of Statistical Software, 15, 1-11.
43. Hooker, S. K., Baird, R. W., Al-Omari, S., Gowans, S., & Whitehead, H. (2001). Behavioral reactions of northern bottlenose whales (Hyperoodon ampullatus) to biopsy darting and tag attachment procedures. Fishery Bulletin, 99, 303-308.
44. Jensen, E. B. (1981). Sound propagation in shallow water: A detailed description of the acoustic field close to surface and bottom. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 70, 1397-1406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.387130
45. Johnson, C. S. (1966). Auditory thresholds of the bottlenose porpoise (Tursiops truncatus, Montagu). China Lake, CA: U.S. Naval Ordnance Test Station.
46. Johnson, C. S. (1968). Relation between absolute thresholdand duration-of-tone pulses in the bottlenosed porpoise. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 43(4), 757-763. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.1910893
47. Johnson, M. P., & Tyack, P. L. (2003). A digital acoustic recording tag for measuring the response of wild marine mammals to sound. IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering, 28, 3-12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/Joe.2002.808212
48. Kastelein, R. A., Hoek, L., de Jong, C. A., & Wensveen, P. J. (2010). The effect of signal duration on the underwater detection thresholds of a harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) for single frequency-modulated tonal signals between 0.25 and 160 kHz. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 128, 3211-3222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.3493435
49. Kastelein, R. A., Steen, N., Gransier, R., Wensveen, P. J., & de Jong, C. A. (2012). Threshold received sound pressure levels of single 1-2 kHz and 6-7 kHz up-sweeps and down-sweeps causing startle responses in a harbor porpoise (Phocoena phocoena). The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 131, 2325-2333. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.3682032
50. Kvadsheim, P. H., Lam, F. P. A., Miller, P. J. O., Alves, A. C., Antunes, R., Bocconcelli, A.,. .. Visser, F. (2009). Cetaceans and naval sonar - The 3S-2009 cruise report (FFI-rapport 2009/01140 ed.). Kjeller, Norway: Forsvarets Forskningsintitutt.
51. Malme, C. I., Miles, P. R., Clark, C. W., Tyack, P., & Bird, J. E. (1983). Investigations of the potential effects of underwater noise from petroleum industry activities on migrating gray whale behavior. Final report for the period of 7 June 1982-31 July 1983. Anchorage, AK: U.S. Minerals Management Service.
52. Malme, C. I., Miles, P. R., Clark, C. W., Tyack, P., & Bird, J. E. (1984). Investigations of the potential effects of underwater noise from petroleum industry activities on migrating gray whale behavior. Phase II: January 1984 migration. Anchorage, AK: U.S. Minerals Management Service.
53. Maybaum, H. L. (1993). Responses of humpback whales to sonar sounds. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 94, 1848-1849. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.407710
54. McCauley, R. D., Fewtrell, J., Duncan, A. J., Jenner, C., Jenner, M-N., Penrose, J. D.,. .. McCabe, K. (2000). Marine seismic surveys: A study of environmental implications. The Australian Petroleum Production and Exploration Association Journal, 40, 692-708.
55. McEwen, B. S., & Wingfield, J. C. (2003). The concept of allostasis in biology and biomedicine. Hormones and Behavior, 43, 2-15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0018-506X(02)00024-7
56. Miller, P. J. (2006). Diversity in sound pressure levels and estimated active space of resident killer whale vocalizations. Journal of Comparative Physiology A, 192, 449-459. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00359-005-0085-2
57. Miller, P. J., Johnson, M. P., & Tyack, P. L. (2004a). Sperm whale behaviour indicates the use of echolocation click buzzes "creaks" in prey capture. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 271, 2239-2247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2004.2863
58. Miller, P. J., Aoki, K., Rendell, L. E., & Amano, M. (2008). Stereotypical resting behavior of the sperm whale. Current Biology, 18, R21-23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2007.11.003
59. Miller, P. J., Biassoni, N., Samuels, A., & Tyack, P. L. (2000). Whale songs lengthen in response to sonar. Nature, 405, 903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/35016148
60. Miller, P. J., Johnson, M. P., Tyack, P. L., & Terray, E. A. (2004b). Swimming gaits, passive drag and buoyancy of diving sperm whales Physeter macrocephalus. Journal of Experimental Biology, 207, 1953-1967. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.00993
61. Miller, P. J., Johnson, M. P., Madsen, P. T., Biassoni, N., Quero, M., & Tyack, P. L. (2009). Using at-sea experiments to study the effects of airguns on the foraging behavior of sperm whales in the Gulf of Mexico. Deep-Sea Research I, 56, 1168-1181. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1016/j.dsr.2009.02.008
62. Miller, P. J., Antunes, R., Alves, A. C., Wensveen, P., Kvadsheim, P., Kleivane, L.,. .. Tyack, P. L. (2011). The 3S experiments: Studying the behavioural effects