The environmental impacts of landmines

Landmines and Human Security: International Politics and War's Hidden Legacy

Volumn , Issue , 2004, Pages 191-207

  Nachón, Claudio Torres ^a  

^a Veracruz State Environmental Protection Council   (Mexico)

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EID: 84869740046     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (47)

1. Geoffrey Best, War and Law since 1945 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1994), 299.
2. Maxwell A. Cameron, Robert J. Lawson, and Brian W. Tomlin, "To Walk without Fear", in To Walk without Fear: The Global Movement to Ban Landmines, ed. Maxwell A. Cameron, Robert J. Lawson, and Brian W. Tomlin (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998), 5.
3. Interview with Philip Weller, December 3, 1999
4. regarding his "Landmines and the Environment." Weller is director for WWF's Danube Carpathian Programme and head of WWF's scientific delegation to assess environmental impacts of war in Yugoslavia. He can be reached by e-mail at Philip. Weller@wwf.at.
5. Boutros Boutros-Ghali, "The Land Mine Crisis: A Humanitarian Disaster", Foreign Affairs 8(September/October 1994), 9.
6. International Campaign to Ban Landmines, Landmine Monitor Report 1999, May 1999, available at http://www.icbl.org/lm/1999/.
7. The Arms Project of Human Rights Watch and Physicians for Human Rights, Landmines: A Deadly Legacy (New York: Human Rights Watch and Physicians for Human Rights, 1993), 251.
8. Alioune Tine, "Landmines in Casamance: Against the March of History", African Topics 23-24(May-July 1998), 22.
9. Cameron, Lawson, and Tomlin, "To Walk without Fear", 4.
10. International Committee of the Red Cross, Landmines Must Be Stopped (Geneva: ICRC, May 1998), 16.
11. See http://www.pgs.ca/pages/lm/stfoster.html.
12. See Anna Richardson, "War-Ravaged Angola Looks for Missing Wildlife", Reuters, Luanda, April 29 1998 (see http://members.aol.com/ adrcnet/marmamnews/98042901.html).
13. International Campaign To Ban Landmines (ICBL), "Nations Refusing to Ban Landmines Meet Again", ICBL Press Release, Geneva, December 14, 1999, 3.
14. Statement of the United Nations Secretary-General. Assistance in Mine Clearance, 49th session, item 22 of the agenda A/49/357, September 6, 1994, 2.
15. ICBL, "Executive Summary", Landmine Monitor 1999, available at http://www.icbl.org/lm/1999/english/exec/Execweb1-06.htm# P787-110915.
16. Kristian Harpviken, "Landmines in Southern Africa: Regional Initiatives for Clearance and Control", Contemporary Security Policy 18, no. 1 (April 1997).
17. Cited in Cameron, Lawson, and Tomlin, To Walk without Fear (see note 4), 68, note 1.
18. Noel Stott, "The South African Campaign", in Cameron, Lawson, and Tomlin, To Walk without Fear (see note 4), 68.
19. Alex Vines, "The Crisis of Anti-Personnel Landmines", in Cameron, Lawson, and Tomlin, To Walk without Fear (see note 4), 125.
20. United Nations, A Review of United Nations Activities in Mine Action (New York: United Nations, April 1999), 3.
21. U. S. Department of State, Hidden Killers: The Global Landmine Crisis (Washington, DC: U. S. Department of State, Bureau of Political-Military Affairs, Office of Humanitarian Demining Programs, September 1998), 5.
22. A. H. Westing, SIPRI, and UNEP, "Appendix 8: Explosive Remnants of Conventional War: A Report to UNEP", in Explosive Remnants of War: Mitigating the Environmental Effects, ed. A. H. Westing, SIPRI, and UNEP, 117-136. (London: Taylor and Francis, 1985).
23. U. S. Department of State, Hidden Killers, 9.
24. Klaus Töpfer, Foreword to The Kosovo Conflict: Consequences for the Environment and Human Settlements (Geneva: UNEP-UNCHS, 1999), 3.
25. Report of the First Meeting of the Standing Committee of Experts on Mine Clearance, Summary and Action Points (Geneva: Geneva International Centre for Humanitarian Demining, September 13-15, 1999), 5.
26. Claudio Torres Nachón, "Environmental Aspects of the International Landmine Crisis and the 1997 Ottawa Convention" (an introduction to the Global Project on Environmental Aspects of Landmines of the Center for Environmental Law and Economic Integration of the South, A. C.), DASSUR-Mexico 1999, available at http://members.xoom.com/dassur/envir.html.
27. See http://www.un.org/Depts/Landmine/country/libyanar.htm.
28. See Adam M. Roberts et al., Landmines: Animal Casualties of the Underground War, available at http://fn2.freenet.edmonton.ab.ca/~puppydog/aa- art.htm.
29. See http://www.mgm.org/.
30. Convention on Biological Diversity, UN Document DPI/130/7, June 2, 1992, reprinted in 31 I. L. M. 818 (1992).
31. See Nigel Dudley et al., "Effectiveness of Forest Protected Areas" (paper presented at the IFF intersessional meeting on forest protected areas, San Juan, Puerto Rico, March 15-19, 1999).
32. Interview with Dr. Tsegay Wolde-Georgis regarding his " Landmines", at the Ethiopian Embassy in the United States, November 29, 1999. Wolde-Georgis can be reached by e-mail at tsegay@Tidalwave.net.
33. UN Country Report: Rwanda, available at http://www.un.org/Depts/Landmine/ country/rwanda.htm.
34. Scott Nathanson, quoted in Roberts, Landmines: Animal Casualties of the Underground War.
35. Interview with Alda Salomao regarding her "Environmental Impact of Landmines in Mozambique", November 16, 1999. Ms. Salomao is presently conducting graduate studies on international environmental law at the Washington College of Law, The American University in Washington, DC. She can be reached by e-mail at aldadriano@aol.com.
36. Human Rights Watch, "Still Killing: Landmines in Southern Africa, "
37. cited in Cameron, Lawson, and Tomlin, To Walk without Fear (see note 4), 130, note 43.
38. "Hunted Elephants", Dumbo Internet page of MGM Stiftung Menschen gegen Minen Web site (includes photograph): http://www.dsk.de/mgm;
39. cited in Cameron, Lawson, and Tomlin, To Walk without Fear (see note 4), 130, note 45.
40. See Report of the First Meeting of the Standing Committee of Experts on Mine Clearance, 5.
41. See Environmental News Service, World's Largest Transborder Conservation Area, available at http://ens.lycos.com/ens/may2000/2000L-05-05-02.html.
42. See http://www.un.org/Depts/Landmine/country/mozambiq.htm.
43. Z. Orehovec, S. Music, L. Palinkas, S. Miko, M. Ristic, and S. Bokan, "Danger of Land Mines, Unexploded Shells, and Environmental Consequences of the Recent War on the Territory of the Republic of Croatia" (paper presented at the First International Conference on Addressing Environmental Consequences of War, Washington, DC, June 10-12, 1998), 1.
44. Report of the First Meeting of the Standing Committee of Experts on Mine Clearance, 5.
45. Interview with Stephen Wells regarding his "Landmines and Dogs", January 10, 2000. Wells is the director of education of the Animal Legal Defense Fund. He can be reached by e-mail at info@aldf.org.
46. See http://www.un.org/Depts/Landmine/country/angola.htm.
47. See the "Terms of Reference" for the study on the Geneva International Centre for Humanitarian Demining Web site at http://gichd.ch/docs/ studies/index.htm.