Azithromycin therapy in hospitalized infants with acute bronchiolitis is not associated with better clinical outcomes: A randomized, double-blinded, and placebo-controlled clinical trial

Journal of Pediatrics

Volumn 161, Issue 6, 2012, Pages 1104-1108

  Pinto, Leonardo A ^a   Pitrez, Paulo M ^a   Luisi, Fernanda ^a   De Mello, Patricia Piccoli ^b   Gerhardt, Moisés ^b   Ferlini, Roberta ^b   Barbosa, Daniel Cardoso ^b   Daros, Ivana ^b   Jones, Marcus H ^a   Stein, Renato T ^a   Marostica, Paulo J ^a,b  

^a PONTIFICAL CATHOLIC UNIVERSITY OF RIO GRANDE DO SUL   (Brazil)

^b HOSPITAL DE CLÍNICAS DE PORTO ALEGRE   (Brazil)

Author keywords

AB; Acute viral bronchiolitis; IL; Interleukin; Length of stay in hospital; LOS; Respiratory syncytial virus; RSV

Indexed keywords

AZITHROMYCIN; PLACEBO;

ACUTE VIRAL BRONCHIOLITIS; ARTICLE; BRAZIL; CHILD HOSPITALIZATION; CONTROLLED STUDY; DOUBLE BLIND PROCEDURE; FEMALE; HUMAN; IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE; INFANT; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; OXYGEN CONSUMPTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL PNEUMOVIRUS; THROAT CULTURE; VIRAL BRONCHIOLITIS; VIRUS DETECTION; VIRUS IDENTIFICATION;

ACUTE DISEASE; ADMINISTRATION, ORAL; ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS; AZITHROMYCIN; BRONCHIOLITIS, VIRAL; COMBINED MODALITY THERAPY; DOUBLE-BLIND METHOD; DRUG ADMINISTRATION SCHEDULE; FEMALE; HOSPITALIZATION; HUMANS; INFANT; INFANT, NEWBORN; INFLUENZA, HUMAN; KAPLAN-MEIER ESTIMATE; LENGTH OF STAY; MALE; OXYGEN INHALATION THERAPY; PARAMYXOVIRIDAE INFECTIONS; RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL VIRUS INFECTIONS; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 84869494308     PISSN: 00223476     EISSN: 10976833     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2012.05.053     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. J.J. Zorc, and C.B. Hall Bronchiolitis: recent evidence on diagnosis and management Pediatrics 125 2010 342 349
2. A.K. Lakos, A. Pangercic, M. Gasparic, M.M. Kukuruzovic, D. Kovacic, and B. Barsic Safety and effectiveness of azithromycin in the treatment of respiratory infections in children Curr Med Res Opin 28 2012 155 162
3. S. Kanoh, and B.K. Rubin Mechanisms of action and clinical application of macrolides as immunomodulatory medications Clin Microbiol Rev 23 2010 590 615
4. A.L. Friedlander, and R.K. Albert Chronic macrolide therapy in inflammatory airways diseases Chest 138 2010 1202 1212
5. L.A. Pinto, C. Camozzato, M. Avozani, D.C. Machado, M.H. Jones, and R.T. Stein Effect of clarithromycin on the cell profile of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in mice with neutrophil-predominant lung disease Rev Hosp Clin Fac Med Sao Paulo 59 2004 99 103
6. V. Gielen, S.L. Johnston, and M.R. Edwards Azithromycin induces anti-viral responses in bronchial epithelial cells Eur Respir J 36 2010 646 654
7. S.L. Johnston Macrolide antibiotics and asthma treatment J Allergy Clin Immunol 117 2006 1233 1236
8. M. Desaki, H. Takizawa, T. Ohtoshi, T. Kasama, K. Kobayashi, and T. Sunazuka Erythromycin suppresses nuclear factor-kappaB and activator protein-1 activation in human bronchial epithelial cells Biochem Biophys Res Commun 267 2000 124 128
9. M.L. Everard, A. Swarbrick, M. Wrightham, J. McIntyre, C. Dunkley, and P.D. James Analysis of cells obtained by bronchial lavage of infants with respiratory syncytial virus infection Arch Dis Child 71 1994 428 432
10. P.M. Pitrez, L.A. Pinto, D.C. Machado, M.T. Tsukazan, M.H. Jones, and R.T. Stein Upper airway cellular pattern in infants with acute bronchiolitis: neutrophils or eosinophils? J Pediatr (Rio J) 79 2003 443 448
11. F. Tahan, A. Ozcan, and N. Koc Clarithromycin in the treatment of RSV bronchiolitis: a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial Eur Respir J 29 2007 91 97
12. M.C. Kneyber, J.B. van Woensel, E. Uijtendaal, C.S. Uiterwaal, and J.L. Kimpen Azithromycin does not improve disease course in hospitalized infants with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) lower respiratory tract disease: a randomized equivalence trial Pediatr Pulmonol 43 2008 142 149
13. M. Hinnerskov, J.M. Therkildsen, G. Cordoba, and L. Bjerrum Macrolide overuse for treatment of respiratory tract infections in general practice Dan Med Bull 58 2011 A4356
14. A. Equi, I.M. Balfour-Lynn, A. Bush, and M. Rosenthal Long term azithromycin in children with cystic fibrosis: a randomised, placebo-controlled crossover trial Lancet 360 2002 978 984
15. J. Wolter, S. Seeney, S. Bell, S. Bowler, P. Masel, and J. McCormack Effect of long term treatment with azithromycin on disease parameters in cystic fibrosis: a randomised trial Thorax 57 2002 212 216
16. L. Richeldi, G. Ferrara, L.M. Fabbri, and P.G. Gibson Macrolides for chronic asthma Cochrane Database Syst Rev 1 2002 CD002997
17. A. Beigelman, C.L. Mikols, S.P. Gunsten, C.L. Cannon, S.L. Brody, and M.J. Walter Azithromycin attenuates airway inflammation in a mouse model of viral bronchiolitis Respir Res 11 2010 90
18. M. Korppi Macrolide resistance in Streptococcus pyogenes: a marker of an overuse of macrolides Pediatr Pulmonol 44 2009 1246 1247 author reply 8-9
19. M.S. Rouse, J.M. Steckelberg, C.M. Brandt, R. Patel, J.M. Miro, and W.R. Wilson Efficacy of azithromycin or clarithromycin for prophylaxis of viridans group streptococcus experimental endocarditis Antimicrob Agents Chemother 41 1997 1673 1676
20. B. O'Doherty, and O. Muller Randomized, multicentre study of the efficacy and tolerance of azithromycin versus clarithromycin in the treatment of adults with mild to moderate community-acquired pneumonia. Azithromycin Study Group Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 17 1998 828 833
21. K.B. Patel, D. Xuan, P.R. Tessier, J.H. Russomanno, R. Quintiliani, and C.H. Nightingale Comparison of bronchopulmonary pharmacokinetics of clarithromycin and azithromycin Antimicrob Agents Chemother 40 1996 2375 2379
22. F.R. Laham, V. Israele, J.M. Casellas, A.M. Garcia, C.M. Lac Prugent, and S.J. Hoffman Differential production of inflammatory cytokines in primary infection with human metapneumovirus and with other common respiratory viruses of infancy J Infect Dis 189 2004 2047 2056
23. G.A. Melendi, F.R. Laham, A.C. Monsalvo, J.M. Casellas, V. Israele, and N.R. Polack Cytokine profiles in the respiratory tract during primary infection with human metapneumovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, or influenza virus in infants Pediatrics 120 2007 e410 e415
24. B. Friis, P. Andersen, E. Brenoe, A. Hornsleth, A. Jensen, and F.U. Knudsen Antibiotic treatment of pneumonia and bronchiolitis. A prospective randomised study Arch Dis Child 59 1984 1038 1045
25. C.E. Behrendt, M.D. Decker, D.J. Burch, and P.H. Watson International variation in the management of infants hospitalized with respiratory syncytial virus. International RSV Study Group Eur J Pediatr 157 1998 215 220
26. A.L. Kozyrskyj, M.E. Dahl, W.J. Ungar, A.B. Becker, and B.J. Law Antibiotic treatment of wheezing in children with asthma: what is the practice? Pediatrics 117 2006 e1104 e1110
27. T.B. Hyde, K. Gay, D.S. Stephens, D.J. Vugia, M. Pass, and S. Johnson Macrolide resistance among invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates JAMA 286 2001 1857 1862
28. A.E. Akkerman, M.M. Kuyvenhoven, J.C. van der Wouden, and T.J. Verheij Prescribing antibiotics for respiratory tract infections by GPs: management and prescriber characteristics Br J Gen Pract 55 2005 114 118
29. S. Esposito, F. Blasi, C. Arosio, L. Fioravanti, L. Fagetti, and R. Droghetti Importance of acute Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae infections in children with wheezing Eur Respir J 16 2000 1142 1146
30. C. Pientong, T. Ekalaksananan, J. Teeratakulpisarn, S. Tanuwattanachai, B. Kongyingyoes, and C. Limwattananon Atypical bacterial pathogen infection in children with acute bronchiolitis in northeast Thailand J Microbiol Immunol Infect 44 2011 95 100
31. P.G. Bezerra, M.C. Britto, J.B. Correia, C. Duarte Mdo, A.M. Fonceca, and K. Rose Viral and atypical bacterial detection in acute respiratory infection in children under five years PLoS One 6 2011 e18928
32. N.G. Papadopoulos, M. Moustaki, M. Tsolia, A. Bossios, E. Astra, and A. Prezerakou Association of rhinovirus infection with increased disease severity in acute bronchiolitis Am J Respir Crit Care Med 165 2002 1285 1289
33. P.M. Pitrez, R.T. Stein, L. Stuermer, I.S. Macedo, V.M. Schmitt, and M.H. Jones Rhinovirus and acute bronchiolitis in young infants J Pediatr (Rio J) 81 2005 417 420
34. K. Nuolivirta, P. Koponen, Q. He, A. Halkosalo, M. Korppi, and T. Vesikari Bordetella pertussis infection is common in nonvaccinated infants admitted for bronchiolitis Pediatr Infect Dis J 29 2010 1013 1015