An econometric study of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, energy consumption, and economic growth of Pakistan

International Journal of Energy Sector Management

Volumn 6, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 518-533

  Hussain, Matloub ^a   Javaid, Muhammad Irfan ^b   Drake, Paul R ^c  

^a ABU DHABI UNIVERSITY   (United Arab Emirates)

^b SHAHEED ZULFIKAR ALI BHUTTO INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY   (Pakistan)

^c UNIVERSITY OF LIVERPOOL MANAGEMENT SCHOOL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

CO2 emissions; Economic growth; Energy consumption; Environmental Kuznets curve; Pakistan

Indexed keywords

COINTEGRATION; COMMERCIAL ENERGY; DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH; ECONOMIC GROWTHS; ECONOMIC INDICATORS; EMPIRICAL FINDINGS; ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS; ENVIRONMENTAL KUZNETS CURVES; ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTIONS; GRANGER CAUSALITY TEST; GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCTS; INDUSTRIAL GROWTH; INDUSTRIAL SECTOR; MONITORING NETWORK; PAKISTAN; PER CAPITA; POLICY MAKERS; TERM RELATIONSHIP; TIME-SERIES DATA; UNIT ROOT;

ECONOMIC ANALYSIS; ENERGY UTILIZATION; INDUSTRIAL RESEARCH;

CARBON DIOXIDE;

EID: 84869485494     PISSN: 17506220     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1108/17506221211282019     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. Alcock, N. (2008), "Business must face the realities of a low carbon economy" in Strategic Direction, Vol. 24, pp. 13-15.
2. Alexandrov, T., Bianconcini, S., Dagum, E.B., Maass, P. and McElroy, T. (2008), A Review of Some Modern Approaches to the Problem of Trend Extraction, Statistical Research Division, US Census Bureau, Washington, DC.
3. 2 emission, energy consumption and output in France" in Energy Policy, Vol. 35, pp. 4772-8.
4. Annicchiarico, B., Bennato, A.R. and Costa, A. (2009), "Economic growth and carbon dioxide emissions in Italy" in pp. 1861-2003, Munich Personal RePEc Archive MPRA No. 12817.
5. 2 emission, energy usage and output in Central America" in Energy Policy, Vol. 37, pp. 3282-6.
6. Cole, M.A. (2004), "Trade, the pollution haven hypothesis and the environmental Kuznets curve: examining the linkages" in Ecological Economics, Vol. 48, pp. 71-81.
7. Dickey, D.A. and Fuller, W.A. (1979), "Distribution of estimators for autoregressive time series with a unit root" in Journal of American Statistical Association, Vol. 74, pp. 427-31.
8. Egli, H. (2004), "The environmental Kuznets curve - evidence from time series data for Germany", Institute of Economic Research, Zurich, Economic Working Paper Series EWPS 03/28.
9. Fodha, M. and Zaghdoud, O. (2010), "Economic growth and pollutant emissions in Tunisia: an empirical analysis of the environmental Kuznets curve" in Energy Policy, Vol. 38, pp. 1150-6.
10. 2 emission in a small open economy" in Ecological Economics, Vol. 45, pp. 133-48.
11. Ghosh, S. (2010), "Examining carbon emissions economic growth nexus for India: a multivariate cointegration approach" in Energy Policy, Vol. 38, pp. 3008-14.
12. Granger, C.W.J. (1969), "Investigating causal relations by econometric models and cross spectral methods" in Econometrica, Vol. 7, pp. 424-38.
13. Grossman, G. and Krueger, A. (1993), Environmental Impacts of a North American Free Trade Agreement, The US-Mexico Free Trade Agreement, Cambridge, MA.
14. Grossman, G. and Krueger, A. (1995), "Economic growth and the environment" in Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 110, pp. 353-77.
15. 2 emissions, energy consumption, income and foreign trade in Turkey" in Energy Policy, Vol. 37, pp. 1156-64.
16. Harvey, A.C. (1993), Time Series Models, 2nd ed., Financial Times/Prentice-Hall, Harlow.
17. He, C. and Sandberg, R. (2012), "Testing parameter constancy in unit root autoregressive models against multiple continuous structural changes" in Economterics Review, Vol. 31, pp. 34-59.
18. Heil, M.T. and Selden, T.H. (1999), "Panel stationarity with structural breaks: carbon emission and GDP" in Applied Economics Letters, Vol. 6, pp. 223-5.
19. International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) (1992), World Development Report: Development and the Environment, Oxford University Press, New York, NY.
20. IPCC (2007), Mitigation of Climate Change, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Geneva.
21. 2 emissions: a conitegration analysis of China" in Energy Policy, Vol. 37, pp. 5167-72.
22. Johansen, S. (1995), Likelihood-based Interface in Conitegrated Vector Auto Regressive Models, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
23. Kraft, J. and Kraft, A. (1978), "On the relationship between energy and GNP" in Journal of Energy Development, Vol. 3, pp. 401-3.
24. Kurita, T. (2012), "Likelihood-based inference for weak exogeneity in I(2) cointegrated VAR models" in Econometrics Review, Vol. 31, pp. 325-60.
25. Kuznets, S. (1955), "Economic growth and income inequality" in American Economic Review, Vol. 45, pp. 1-28.
26. Lechner, M. (2010), "The relation of different concepts of causality used in time series and microeconometrics" in Econometrics Review, Vol. 30, pp. 109-27.
27. Lee, C.C. (2006), "The causality relationship between energy consumption and GDP in G-11 countries revisited" in Energy Policy, Vol. 34, pp. 1086-93.
28. MacKinnon, J.G., Haug, A. and Michelis, L. (1999), "Numerical distribution functions of likelihood ratio tests for cointegration" in Journal of Applied Econometrics, Vol. 14, No. 5, pp. 563-77.
29. Panayotou, T. (1993), "Empirical tests and policy analysis of environmental degradation at different stages of economic development", World Bank, Washington, DC, Working Paper WPS 238.
30. Qudrut Ullah, H. and Karahul, M. (2007), "Modeling for policy assessment in the electricity supply sector of Pakistan" in International Journal of Energy Sector Management, Vol. 1, pp. 240-56.
31. Selden, T.M. and Song, D. (1994), "Environmental quality and development: is there a Kuznets curve for air pollution emissions?" in Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Vol. 27, pp. 147-62.
32. Shafik, N. (1994), "Economic development and environmental quality: an econometric analysis" in Economics, Vol. 10, pp. 757-73.
33. Shafik, N. and Bandyyopadhyay, S. (1992), "Economic growth and environmental quality: time series and cross country evidence", World Bank, Washington, DC, Working Paper WPS 904.
34. Soytas, U., Sari, R. and Ewing, B.T. (2007), "Energy consumption, income and carbon emissions" in Economics, Vol. 62, pp. 482-9.
35. 2 emission Kuznets curve" in Energy Policy, Vol. 27, pp. 691-4.
36. Tsani, S.Z. (2010), "Energy consumption and economic growth: a causality analysis for Greece" in Energy Economics, Vol. 32, pp. 582-90.
37. UNFCCC (2012), List of Annex I Parties to the Convention.
38. (The) World Bank (2010), World Development Indicators.
39. WRI (2005), Navigating the Numbers: Green Gas Data and International Climate Policy, World Resource Institute, Washington, DC.
40. Zhang, X.P. and Cheng, X.M. (2009), "Energy consumption, carbon emission and economic growth" in Ecological Economics, Vol. 68, pp. 2706-12.
41. Arimah, B.C. (1994), "Energy consumption and economic growth in Africa: a cross national analysis" in OPEC Energy Review, Vol. 18, pp. 207-22.
42. Asteriou, D. and Hall, S.H. (2007), Applied Econometrics, 1st ed., Macmillan, New York, NY.
43. Breusch, T. (1978), "Testing for autocorrelation in dynamic linear models" in Australian Economic Papers, Vol. 17, pp. 334-55.
44. Ghosh, S. (2002), "Electricity consumption and economic growth in India" in Energy Policy, Vol. 30, pp. 25-129.
45. Godfrey, L.G. (1968), "Testing for higher order serial correlation in regression equation when the regressions contain lagged dependent variables" in Econometrica, Vol. 46, pp. 1303-10.
46. 2 emissions and economic growth" in Journal of Public Economics, Vol. 57, pp. 85-101.
47. Mehrara, M. (2007), "Energy-GDP relationship for oil-exporting countries: Iran, Kuwait and Saudi Arabia" in OPEC Energy Review, Vol. 31, pp. 1-16.
48. Pan, J. (2009), "China expects leadership from rich nations" in Nature, Vol. 461, p. 1055.
49. Sa'ad, S. (2010), "Energy consumption and economic growth: causality relationship for Nigeria" in OPEC Energy Review, Vol. 34, pp. 15-24.
50. Sathiendrakumar, R. (2003), "Greenhouse emission reduction and sustainable development" in International Journal of Social Economics, Vol. 30, pp. 1233-48.
51. Urban, F. (2009a), Reducing Carbon Emissions: China's Position, Climate Change and Development Centre, Brighton.
52. Urban, F. (2009b), "Sustainable energy for developing countries: modeling transitions to renewable and clean energy in rapidly developing countries", Centre for Energy and Envoirnemntal studies IVEM, University of Groningen, Groningen, PhD dissertation.