From art to applied science

ISIS

Volumn 103, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 555-563

  Schatzberg, Eric ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN MADISON   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ART; HISTORY; NOTE; SCIENCE; TECHNOLOGY;

ART; HISTORY, 18TH CENTURY; HISTORY, 19TH CENTURY; SCIENCE; TECHNOLOGY;

EID: 84869443309     PISSN: 00211753     EISSN: 15456994     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1086/667979     Document Type: Note

References (60)

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2. Serafina Cuomo, Technology and Culture in Greek and Roman Antiquity (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2007).
3. Elspeth Whitney, "Paradise Restored: The Mechanical Arts from Antiquity through the Thirteenth Century," Transactions of the American Philosophical Society, 1990, 80:1-169
4. Pamela O. Long, Openness, Secrecy, Authorship: Technical Arts and the Culture of Knowledge from Antiquity to the Renaissance (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Univ. Press, 2001).
5. Peter Dear, "What Is the History of Science the History Of? Early Modern Roots of the Ideology of Modern Science," Isis, 2005, 96:390-406, esp. pp. 393-394
6. William Newman, "Technology and Alchemical Debate in the Late Middle Ages," Isis., 1989, 80:423-445
7. Thomas Broman, "The Semblance of Transparency: Expertise as a Social Good and an Ideology in Enlightened Societies," Osiris, 2012, forthcoming.
8. Dear, "What Is the History of Science the History Of?" pp. 395-396
9. Lissa Roberts and Simon Schaffer, "Preface," in The Mindful Hand: Inquiry and Invention from the Late Renaissance to Early Industrialisation, ed. Roberts, Schaffer, and Peter Dear (Amsterdam: Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, 2007), pp. 13-27, on p. xiii.
10. Steven Shapin, "The Invisible Technician," American Scientist, 1989, 77:554-563
11. Pamela H. Smith, "Art, Science, and Visual Culture in Early Modern Europe," Isis, 2006, 97:83-100.
12. Ephraim Chambers, Cyclopaedia; or, An Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences, 2 vols., Vol. 1 (London: Printed for J. and J. Knapton, 1728), p. 8
13. Richard Yeo, Encyclopaedic Visions: Scientific Dictionaries and Enlightenment Culture (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2001), pp. 147-152 (on the success of the Cyclopaedia see Ch. 5).
14. Chambers, Cyclopaedia, p. 8.
15. Chambers, Cyclopaedia., pp. 8, 9.
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20. S Diderot, "Art," Vol. 1, pp. 714, 717 (here and throughout this essay, translations into English are mine unless otherwise indicated)
21. D'Alembert, Preliminary Discourse, pp. 37-39
22. Lissa Roberts, "Introduction [to Section III]," in Mindful Hand, ed. Roberts et al. (cit. n. 4), pp. 189-195, esp. pp. 189-190
23. S Yeo, Encyclopaedic Visions (cit. n. 6), pp. 152-154.
24. Shiner, Invention of Art (cit. n. 1), pp. 80-83, 111 (quotation).
25. D'Alembert, Preliminary Discourse (cit. n. 9), pp. 144-145
26. Shiner, Invention of Art, pp. 83-85.
27. D'Alembert, Preliminary Discourse, p. 123.
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29. Shiner, Invention of Art (cit. n. 1), pp. 99-120.
30. Christine MacLeod, Heroes of Invention: Technology, Liberalism, and British Identity, 1750-1914 (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2007).
31. Charles F. Sabel and Jonathan Zeitlin, eds., World of Possibilities: Flexibility and Mass Production in Western Industrialization (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1997)
32. Maxine Berg, The Machinery Question and the Making of Political Economy (Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1980), pp. 154, 250
33. Berg, "The Genesis of 'Useful Knowledge,'" History of Science, 2007, 45:123-133, esp. pp. 127-130.
34. Andrew Ure, "Preface," in A Dictionary of Arts, Manufactures, and Mines; Containing a Clear Exposition of Their Principles and Practice, 2 vols. (New York: D. Appleton, 1853), Vol. 1, pp. 3-14, on p. 3.
35. Steve Edwards, "Factory and Fantasy in Andrew Ure," Journal of Design History, 2001, 14:17-33
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37. Andrew Ure, The Philosophy of Manufactures; or, an Exposition of the Scientific, Moral, and Commercial Economy of the Factory System of Great Britain (London: Charles Knight, 1835; rpt., New York: Kelley, 1967), pp. 20+23
38. Berg, Machinery Question and the Making of Political Economy (cit. n. 17), pp. 184, 99 ("more than 560 FOCUS-ISIS, 103: 3 (2012) a little paranoid"); and Charles Babbage, On the Economy of Machinery and Manufactures (London: Charles Knight, 1835).
39. Ure, Philosophy of Manufactures, pp. 20, 21, 368
40. Karl Marx, Capital: A Critique of Political Economy, 3 vols., Vol. 1 (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1976), pp. 563-564.
41. Ure, Philosophy of Manufactures, pp. 8, 23-24, 32, 25
42. Graeme Gooday, "'Vague and Artificial': The Historically Elusive Distinction between Pure and Applied Science," in this Focus section (on the likeness of Ure's "science" to Babbage's "applied science")
43. Robert Bud, "'Applied Science': A Phrase in Search of a Meaning," in this Focus section.
44. James Turner, "Le concept de science dans l'Amérique du XIXe siècle," Annales: Histoire, Sciences Sociales, 2002, 57:753-772, on pp. 771-772.
45. Ure, Philosophy of Manufactures (cit. n. 19), pp. 2, 16, 32-33, 37-38
46. Babbage, On the Economy of Machinery and Manufactures (cit. n. 19), pp. 260, 65
47. MacLeod, Heroes of Invention (cit. n. 16).
48. Ronald Kline, "Construing 'Technology' as 'Applied Science': The Public Rhetoric of Scientists and Engineers in the United States, 1880-1945," Isis, 1995, 86:194-221
49. Thomas F. Gieryn, Cultural Boundaries of Science (Chicago: Univ. Chicago Press, 1999), pp. 37-64.
50. Steven Shapin and Barry Barnes, "Science, Nature, and Control: Interpreting Mechanics' Institutes," Social Studies of Science, 1977, 7:31-74
51. Stephen P. Rice, Minding the Machine: Languages of Class in Early Industrial America (Berkeley: Univ. California Press, 2004), pp. 42-68.
52. Eric Schatzberg, "Technik Comes to America: Changing Meanings of Technology before 1930," Technology and Culture, 2006, 47:486-512, esp. pp. 487-493
53. Jacob Bigelow, Elements of Technology (Boston: Hilliard, Gray, Little & Wilkins, 1831)
54. Paul Lucier, Scientists and Swindlers: Consulting on Coal and Oil in America, 1820-1890 (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Univ. Press, 2008), p. 143
55. "The National Research Council," Science, 1919, 49:458-462, on p. 459.
56. Leo Marx, "Technology: The Emergence of a Hazardous Concept," Technol. & Cult., 2010, 51:561-577
57. Colvin, "Art" (cit. n. 14), p. 660
58. Schatzberg, "Technik Comes to America."
59. "America's Future Studied in Light of Progressive Application of Technology," New York Times, 20 July 1937, p. 20.
60. Marx, "Technology" (cit. n. 27).