Hazardous Chemicals: Control and Regulation in the European Market

Hazardous Chemicals: Control and Regulation in the European Market

Volumn , Issue , 2007, Pages 1-397

  Bender, Herbert F ^a   Eisenbarth, Philipp ^a  

^a BASF SE   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84869433734     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1002/9783527610082     Document Type: Book

References (167)

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5. Council Directive 1999/45/EC, OJ L 200, 30/07/1999, p. 1.
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40. Commission Directive adapting to technical progress for the 28th time: Council Directive 67/548/EEC, OJ 225, 21/08/2001, p. 1.
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44. Council directive 88/642/EEC amending directive 80/1107/EEC on the protection of workers from the risks related to chemical, physical and biological agents at work, O.J. L 356, 24. 12. 1988, p. 74.
45. Council directive 98/24/EC on the protection of workers from the risk related to chemical agents at work, O.J. L 133, 5. 5. 1998, p. 11.
46. Council directive 82/605/EEC on the protection of workers from the risks related to exposure to metallic lead and its ionic compounds at work, O.J. L 247, 23. 8. 1982, p. 12, no longer in force.
47. Council directive 83/477/EEC on the protection of workers from the risks related to exposure to asbestos at work, O.J. L 263, 24. 9. 1983, last amended by directive 98/24/EC, O.J. L 131, 5. 5. 1998, p. 11.
48. Council directive 88/364/EEC on the protection of workers by the banning of certain specified agents and/or certain work activities, O.J. L 179, 9. 7. 1988, p. 44, no longer in force.
49. Council directive 91/322/EEC on establishing indicative limit values by implementing council directive 80/1107/EEC on the protection of workers from the risks related to exposure to chemical, physical and biological agents at work, O.J. L 177, 5. 7. 1991, p. 22.
50. Directive 2003/18/EC amending council directive 83/477/EEC on the protection of workers from the risks related to exposure to asbestos at work, O.J. L 097, 15. 4. 2003, p. 48.
51. Arbeitsschutzgesetz, BGBl. I, p. 1246 (07. 08. 1996).
52. Arbeitssicherheitsgesetz, BGBl I, p. 1885 (12. 12. 1973).
53. Gefahrstoffverordnung, BGBl. I p. 3758 (23. 12. 2004).
54. Betriebssicherheitsverordnung, BGBl I, p. 3777 (3. 10. 2002).
55. Council directive 89/655/EEC concerning the minimum safety and health requirements for the use of work equipment by workers at work, O.J. L 393, 30. 12. 1989, p. 13.
56. Directive 2001/45/EC amending council directive 89/655/EEC concerning the minimum safety and health requirements for the use of work equipment by workers at work, O.J. L 195, 19. 07. 2001, p. 46.
57. Council directive 89/656/EEC on the minimum health and safety requirements for the use by workers of personal protective equipment at the workplace, O.J. L 393, 30. 12. 1989, p. 18.
58. Council directive 90/679/EEC on the protection of workers from risks related to exposure to biological agents at work, O.J. L 374, 31. 12. 1990, p. 1.
59. Directive 2000/54/EC on the protection of workers from risks related to exposure to biological agents at work, O.J. L 262, 17. 10. 2000, p. 21.
60. Council directive 92/58/EEC on the minimum requirements for the provision of safety and/or health signs at work, O.J. L 245, 26. 8. 1992, p. 23.
61. Berufsgenossenschaftliche Regel BGVA8, Sicherheits-und Gesundheitsschutzkennzeichnung amArbeitsplatz, Ausgabe 1. 01. 02.
62. Directive 1999/92/EC on minimum requirements for improving the safety and health protection of workers potentially at risk from explosive atmospheres, O.J. L 023, 28. 1. 2000, p. 57.
63. Directive 94/9/EC on the approximation of the laws of the member states concerning equipment and protective systems intended for use in potentially explosive atmospheres, O.J. L 100, 19. 04. 1994, p. 1 (attention: several corrigenda).
64. Council directive 67/548/EEC on the approximation of laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to the classification, packaging and labeling of dangerous substances, O.J. P 196, 16. 8. 1967, p. 1 (attention:many amendments!).
65. Directive 1999/45/EC concerning the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the member states relating to the classification, packaging and labeling of dangerous preparations, O.J. L 200, 30. 07. 1999, p. 1 (attention:many amendments).
66. Council directive 91/155/EEC defining and laying down the detailed arrangements for the system of specific information relating to dangerous preparations in implementation of article 10 of directive 88/379/EEC, O.J. L 076, 22. 03. 1991, p. 35, amended by directive 2001/58/EC, O.J. L 212, 07. 08. 2001, p. 24.
67. Bingham E., Cohrssen B., Powell C. H., Patty's Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology, 5th edition, Wiley (2001).
68. RTECS, The Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances, MDL Information Systems, Inc. (USA).
69. TOXLINE database, Canadian Centre for occupational health and safety, Hamilton ON, Canada, web site: www.ccohs.ca.
70. Lewis R. J., Sax's dangerous properties of industrial materials, edition 2000, Wiley (2000).
71. Lewis R. J., Rapid guide to hazardous chemicals in the workplace, 4th edition, Wiley (2000).
72. GESTIS-database on hazardous substances, Berufsgenossenschaftliches Institut für Arbeitsschutz (BGIA), Sankt Augustin, Germany, on-line chemical database in English or German, web site: www.hvbg.de/e/bia/fac/stoffdb/index.html.
73. GisChem, on-line chemical database, in German, Berufsgenossenschaft der chemischen Industrie, Heidelberg, Germany, web site: www.gischem.de.
74. Hommel, Handbuch der gefährlichen Güter, in German, Springer, 20th edition (2006).
75. Technische Regel für Gefahrstoffe TRGS 555, BArbBl 12/1997, p. 49.
76. Council directive 90/394/EEC on the protection of workers from the risks related to exposure to carcinogens at work, O.J. L 196, 26. 7. 1990, p. 1.
77. Directive 2004/37/EC on the protection of workers from the risks related to exposure to carcinogens and mutagens at work, O.J. L 158, 30. 04. 2004, p. 50.
78. List of hardwoods in: wood dust and formaldehyde, evaluation of carcinogenic risks to humans, vol. 62, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, 1995.
79. Hallier E., conference lecture on multi-causality and syn-cancerogenesis, given at the 21st GefahrstofftageMunich, Nov. 2005.
80. MAK-und BAT-Werte-Liste 2006, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Mitteilung 42, Wiley-VCH 2006.
81. Commission directive 2006/15/EC establishing a second list of indicative occupational exposure limit values in implementation of council directive 98/24/EC and amending directives 91/322/EEC and 2000/39/EC, O.J. L 38/36, 09. 02. 2006.
82. Commission directive 2000/39/EC establishing a first list of indicative occupational exposure limit values in implementation of council directive 98/24/EC on the protection of health and safety of workers from the risks related to chemical agents at work, O.J. L 142, 16. 06. 2000, p. 47.
83. W.Hunter, G. Aresini, R.Haig, P. Papadopoulos, W. Von derHude, Occupational exposure limits for chemicals in the European Union, Occupational and Environmental Medicine 1997, 54, p. 217.
84. Commission Decision 95/320/EC on setting up a scientific committee for occupational exposure limits to chemical agents, O.J. L 188, 9. 8. 1995, p. 14.
85. UNICE = European Industry Federation (Union de Industries des pays de la Communauté européenne), Brussels, Belgium.
86. CEFIC = European Chemical Industry Council, Brussels, Belgium.
87. EH40 Occupational Exposure Limits 2005, Health and Safety Executive (HSE), Great Britain.
88. Technische Regel für Gefahrstoffe TRGS 900, BArbBl 1/2006, p. 41.
89. Council directive 78/610/EEC on the approximation of laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the member states on the protection of health of workers exposed to vinyl chloride monomer, O.J. L 197, 22. 07. 1978, p. 12, no longer in force.
90. Technische Regel für Gefahrstoffe TRGS 903, BArBl 5/2004, p. 62 and 7-8/2004, p. 65.
91. Council directive 92/85/EEC on the introduction of measures to encourage improvements in the safety and health at work of pregnant workers and workers who have recently given birth or are breastfeeding, O.J. L 348, 28. 11. 1992, p. 1.
92. R47 has been replaced later by R61 with similar text.
93. Council directive 94/33/EEC on the protection of young people at work, O.J. L 216, 20. 08. 1994, p. 12.
94. Council directive 89/686/EEC on the approximation of the laws of theMember States relating to personal protective equipment.
95. EN 166: 2001 Personal eye protection-specifications. See also CR 13464 : 1998 Guide to selection, use and maintenance of occupational eye and face protectors.
96. EN 374 :2003 Protective gloves against chemicals and micro-organisms: Part 1: Terminology and performance requirements Part 2: Determination of resistance to penetration Part 3: Determination of resistance to permeation by chemicals.
97. EN 420 :2003 Protective gloves-General requirements and test methods.
98. EN 340 :2003 Protective clothing-General requirements.
99. EN 943-1: 2002 Protective clothing-against liquid and gaseous chemicals, including aerosols and solid particles-Part 1: Performance requirements for ventilated and non-ventilated gas-tight (type 1) and non-gas-tight (type 2) chemical protective suits.
100. EN 14605 : 2005 Protective clothing against liquid chemicals-Performance requirement for clothing with liquid-tight (type 3) or spray-tight (type 4) connections, including items providing protection to parts of the body only (type BP 3 and BP 4).
101. EN ISO 13982-1:2004 Protective clothing against solid particles-requirements on chemical protective clothing to protect the entire body against air-borne solid particles (type 5).
102. EN 13034 : 2005 Protective clothing against liquid chemicals-Performance requirements for chemical protective clothing offering limited protective performance against liquid chemicals (type 6 equipment).
103. EN 1149-1 :1995 Protective clothing-Electrostatic properties-Part 1: surface resistivity and requirements.
104. EN ISO 6529 : 2001 Protective clothing-Protection against liquid chemicals-Determination of resistance of protective clothingmaterials to permeation by liquids and gases.
105. EN ISO 6530 : 2005 Protective clothing-Protection against liquid chemicals-Test method for resistance of materials to penetration by liquids.
106. EN 136: 1997 Respiratory protective devices-Full face masks-Requirements, testing, marking.
107. EN 140 :1998 Respiratory protective devices-Half masks and quarter masks-Requirements, testing, marking.
108. EN 149 :2001 Respiratory protective devices-Filtering half masks to protect against particles-Requirements, testing, marking.
109. EN 137 : 1993 Respiratory protective devices-Self-contained open-circuit compressed air breathing apparatus-Requirements, testing, marking. EN 1146 : 2005 Self-contained open-circuit compressed air breathing apparatus incorporating a hood (compressed air escape apparatus).
110. EN 138 :1994 Respiratory protective devices-Fresh air hose breathing apparatus for use with full face mask, half mask or mouthpiece assembly-Requirements, testing, marking.
111. EN 14594 : 2005 Respiratory protective devices-Continuous flow compressed air line breathing apparatus-Requirements, testing, marking.
112. EN 14387 : 2004 Respiratory protective devices-Gas filter(s) and combined filter(s)-Requirements, testing, marking.
113. EN 143 :2000 Respiratory protective devices-Particle filters-Requirements, testing, marking.
114. EN 145 :1997 Respiratory protective devices-Self-contained closed-circuit breathing apparatus compressed oxygen or compressed oxygen-nitrogen type-Requirements, testing, marking.
115. EN 12941: 1998 Respiratory protective devices-Powered filtering devices incorporating a helmet or a hood-Requirements, testing, marking.
116. EN 12942 : 1998 + A1:2002 Respiratory protective devices-Power assisted filtering devices incorporating full face masks, half masks or quarter masks-Requirements, testing, marking.
117. EN 402 :2003 Respiratory protective devices-Lung governed demand selfcontained open-circuit compressed air breathing apparatus with full face mask or mouthpiece assembly for escape-Requirements, testing, marking.
118. EN 397 :1995 + A1 :2000 Industrial safety helmets.
119. EN 405 :2001 Respiratory protective devices-Valved filtering half masks to protect against gases or gases and particles-Requirements, testing, marking.
120. CEN Report CR 529 : 1993 Guidelines for selection and use of respiratory protective devices; BGR 190 Regeln für den Einsatz von Atemschutzgeräten, Ausgabe 4/2004, Hauptverband der gewerblichen Berufsgenossenschaften/Germany.
121. EN 132 :1998 Respiratory protective devices-Definitions of terms and pictograms.
122. EN 12021: 1998 Respiratory protective devices-Compressed air for breathing apparatus.
123. EN 269 :1994 Respiratory protective devices-Powered fresh air hose breathing apparatus incorporating a hood-Requirements, testing, marking.
124. EN 148-1: 1999 Respiratory protective devices-Threads for facepieces-Part 1: Standard thread connection EN 148-2 : 1999 Respiratory protective devices-Threads for facepieces-Part 2: Center thread connection EN 148-3 : 1999 Respiratory protective devices-Threads for facepieces-Part 3: Thread connectionM45 x 3.
125. EN 13794 : 2002 Respiratory protective devices-Self-contained closed-circuit breathing apparatus for escape-Requirements, testing, marking.
126. EN 401: 1993 Respiratory protective devices for self-rescue-Self-contained closed-circuit breathing apparatus-Chemical oxygen (KO2) escape apparatus-Requirements, testing, marking.
127. EN 1061: 1996 Respiratory protective devices for self-rescue-Self-contained closed-circuit breathing apparatus-Chemical oxygen (NaClO3) escape apparatus-Requirements, testing, marking.
128. Methods for the Determination ofHazardous Substances (MDHS), edited fromHealth and Safety Executive (HSE), OccupationalMedicine and Hygiene Laboratories, HSE-Books No. 1-86.
129. Metropol, edited by Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité (INRS), Département deMétrologie des polluants (www.inrs.fr).
130. NIOSHManual of AnalyticMethods, edited by U.S. Department ofHealth andHuman Services, National Institute for Occupational Safety andHealth.
131. OSHA-AnalyticalMethodsManual, edited by U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Safety andHealth Administration, OSHA Analytical Laboratory, Salt Lake City/Utah.
132. BGI 505-0 to-72 series (formerly ZH1/120), Anerkannte Analysenverfahren für krebserzeugende Arbeitsstoffe, Hauptverband der gewerblichen Berufsgenossenschaften, Carl-Heymanns Verlag, Köln.
133. K.Meffert, H. Blome, Messung von Gefahrstoffen-BGIA-Arbeitsmappe, edited by Berufsgenossenschaftliches Institut für Arbeitsschutz des Hauptverbandes der gewerblichen Berufsgenossenschaften, Erich Schmidt Verlag, Berlin 2005.
134. Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), H. Greim: Analysis ofHazardous Substances in Air, Wiley-VCH Verlag, Weinheim.
135. Bundesanstalt für Arbeitsschutz und Arbeitsmedizin (BauA): Empfohlene Analysenverfahren für Arbeitsplatzmessungen, Dortmund/Berlin 1999.
136. EN ISO_IEC 17025 : 2005, General requirements for the competence of testing and calibration laboratories.
137. Technische Regel für Gefahrstoffe (TRGS) 402, Ermittlung und Beurteilung der Konzentrationen gefährlicher Stoffe in der Luft in Arbeitsbereichen, BArbBl (1997), Nr. 4, 2.
138. Technische Regel für Gefahrstoffe (TRGS) 403, Bewertung von Stoffgemischen in der Luft am Arbeitsplatz, BArbBl (1989), Nr. 10, 71.
139. Dräger-TubeHandbook, Dräger Sicherheitstechnik GmbH, Lübeck, 11th edition (1998).
140. Absorber B70, described in [6-93].
141. EN 13528-1 :2002 Ambient air quality-Diffuse samplers for the determination of concentrations of gases and vapors; requirements and test methods-Part 1: general requirements. ISO 16200-2 : 2000Workplace air quality-Sampling and analysis of volatile organic compounds by solvent-desorption/gas chromatography-Part 2: Diffusive samplingmethod.
142. For "Johannesburg Convention" see:Hamilton J. R., WaltonW. E., The selective sampling of respirable dust. Inhaled particles and vapors (C. N. Davies, ed.), pp. 465-475, Pergamon Press, Oxford (1961).
143. ISO 7708 : 1995 Air quality-Particle size fraction definitions for health-related sampling. EN 481: 1993Workplace atmospheres-Size fraction definitions for measurement of airborne particles.
144. Council directive 96/62/EC on ambient air quality assessment and management.
145. Council directive 1999/30/EC relating to limit values for sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and oxides of nitrogen, particulate matter and lead in ambient air.
146. EN 481: 1993; see [6-94].
147. Sampling head of type GSP, described in [6-93].
148. Inhalable dust sampler (type I.O.M. sampler), available from SKC Ltd., Blandford Forum, Dorset, UK.
149. Gravikon VC25, developed by BGIA (see [6-93]), manufactured and supplied by GSM Gesellschaft für Schadstoffmesstechnik GmbH, 41469 Neuss-Norf/Germany.
150. BGI 505-31 Verfahren zur Bestimmung von lungengängigen Fasern-Lichtmikroskopisches Verfahren.
151. BGI 505-46 Verfahren zur getrennten Bestimmung von lungengängigen Asbestfasern und anderen anorganischen Fasern-Rasterelektronenmikroskopisches Verfahren.-Method for the determination of airborne asbestos fibers and other inorganic fibers by scanning electron microscopy. Recommended TechnicalMethod No. 2 (RTM 2). Asbestos International Association, London, 1984.
152. ISSA (International Section of Social Security Association, Section Chemistry), Prevention Series, Storage of dangerous substances, 1990, ISBN 92-843-1036-9.
153. Nabert K., Schön G., Sicherheitstechnische Kennzahlen brennbarer Gase und Dämpfe, Deutscher Eichverlag, 1980 (5th amendment).
154. VCI Guideline for the mixed storage of chemicals, Verband der Chemischen Industrie e.V. (VCI), Germany, July 1998, for free download on its homepage "VCI.de".
155. Technische Regel für Gefahrstoffe TRGS 514, BArbBl 9/1998, p. 54.
156. Technische Regel für Gefahrstoffe TRGS 515, BArbBl 9/1998, p. 60.
157. Commission directive 94/1/EC adapting some technicalities of council directive 75/324/EEC on the approximation of the laws of the relating member states to aerosol dispensers, O.J. L 023, 28. 01. 1994, p. 28.
158. VDI Guideline No 2263, dust fires and dust explosions-hazards, assessment, protective measures-explosion protection in fluidized bed dryers, edition 2005-03.
159. EN 14470-1: 04-2004 (fire safety storage cabinets, part 1: safety storage cabinets for flammable liquids).
160. Council Directive 67/548/EEC on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to the classification, packaging and labeling of dangerous substances, OJ L 196, 16/08/1967, p. 1. Last amendment: 2004/73/EC, adapting to technical progress for the 29th time, OJ L 216, 16. 06. 2004, p. 3.
161. United Nations Publication, ISBN 92-1-139097-4.
162. Draft for a Council Regulation concerning the Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH), Interinstitutional File: 2003/0256, 7524/06.
163. Council Regulation 793/93/EC OJ. L 84 05/04/1993, p. 1.
164. EINECS "European Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Substances" OJ No. C 146 A, 15/6/1990.
165. Council Directive 1999/45/EC OJ L 200, 30/07/1999, p. 1.
166. Council Directive 67/548/EEC OJ L 196, 16/08/1967, p. 1, last adaption: 2004/73/EC, adapting, OJ L 216, 16/06/2004, p. 3.
167. Commission Directive 91/155/EEC, OJ L 76, 22/03/1991, p. 35, last adopted by Commission Directive 2001/58/EC, OJ L 212, 7/8/2001, p. 24.