Evaluating participation in water resource management: A review

Water Resources Research

Volumn 48, Issue 11, 2012, Pages

  Carr, G ^a   Bloschl G ^a   Loucks, D P ^b  

^a VIENNA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Austria)

^b Cornell University   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CLEAN WATER ACT; EUROPEAN WATER FRAMEWORK DIRECTIVE; INSTITUTIONAL CHANGE; OUTCOME EVALUATION; PROCESS EVALUATION; QUALITY IMPROVEMENT; RESOURCE MANAGEMENT; STAKEHOLDER PARTICIPATION; TANGIBLE OUTCOMES; WATERRESOURCE MANAGEMENT;

RESOURCE ALLOCATION; SANDWICH STRUCTURES; WATER MANAGEMENT; WATER QUALITY;

QUALITY CONTROL;

ASSESSMENT METHOD; LITERATURE REVIEW; PARTICIPATORY APPROACH; STAKEHOLDER; WATER MANAGEMENT; WATER QUALITY; WATER RESOURCE;

UNITED STATES;

EID: 84869387740     PISSN: 00431397     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2011WR011662     Document Type: Review

References (158)

1. Abelson, J., P. G. Forest, J. Eyles, P. Smith, E. Martin, and F. P. Gauvin (2003), Deliberations about deliberative methods: Issues in the design and evaluation of public participation processes, Soc. Sci. Med., 57, 239-251. (Pubitemid 36582667)
2. Almansa, C, and J. M. Martínez-Paz (2011), What weight should be assigned to future environmental impacts? A probabilistic cost benefit analysis using recent advances on discounting, Sci. Total Environ., 409, 1305-1314.
3. Arnstein, S. R. (1969), A ladder of citizen participation, J. Am. Inst. Planners, 35(4), 216-224.
4. Bacic, I. L. Z., D. G. Rossiter, and A. K. Bregt (2006), Using spatial information to improve collective understanding of shared environmental problems at watershed level, Landscape Urban Plann., 77, 54-66. (Pubitemid 44251047)
5. Bamezai, A. (1996), Evaluation of water conservation programs in thorny nonexperimental settings, WaterResour. Res., 32(4), 1083-1090.
6. Beierle, T. C. (1998), Public participation in environmental decisions: An evaluation framework using social goals, Discuss. Pap. 99-06, Resour. for the Future, Washington, D. C.
7. Beierle, T. C. (1999), Using social goals to evaluate public participation in environmental decisions, Rev. Policy Res., 16, 75-103.
8. Beierle, T. C. (2002), The quality of stakeholder based decisions, Risk Anal., 22(4), 739-748.
9. Beierle, T. C, and J. Cayford, (2002), Democracy in Practice: Public Participation in Environmental Decisions, Resour. for the Future, Washington, D. C.
10. Beierle, T. C, and D. M. Konisky (2000), Values, conflict, and trust in participatory environmental planning, J. Policy Anal. Manage., 19(4), 587-602.
11. Bentrup, G. (2001), Evaluation of a collaborative model: A case study analysis of watershed planning in the intermountain west, Environ. Manage., 27(5), 739-748. (Pubitemid 32332566)
12. Berkes, F. (2009), Evolution of co-management: Role of knowledge generation, bridging organizations and social learning, J. Environ. Manage., 90, 1692-1702.
13. Birol, E., K. Karousakis, and P. Koundouri (2006), Using economic valuation techniques to inform water resources management: A survey and critical appraisal of available techniques and an application, Sci. Total Environ., 365, 105-122. (Pubitemid 44183824)
14. Bjerregaard, R. (1998), Getting Europe's waters cleaner: Getting the citizens involved, Water Policy, 1, 73-80.
15. Blackstock, K. L., G. J. Kelly, and B. L. Horsey (2007), Developing and applying a framework to evaluate participatory research for sustainabil-ity, Ecol. Econ., 60, 726-742.
16. Blaikie, P. (2006), Is small really beautiful? Community-based natural resource management in Malawi and Botswana, World Dev., 34, 1942-1957. (Pubitemid 44524732)
17. Bots, P., R. Bijlsma, Y. von Korff, N. van der Fluit, and H. Wolters (2011), Supporting the constructive use of existing hydrological models in participatory settings: A set of "rules of the game," Ecol. Soc., 16(2), 1-19.
18. Brouwer, R. (2008), The potential role of stated preference methods in the Water Framework Directive to access disproportionate costs, J. Environ. Plann. Manage., 51(5), 597-614.
19. Burgess, J., and J. Chilvers (2006), Upping the ante: A conceptual framework for designing and evaluating participatory technology assessments, Sci. Public Policy, 33(10), 713-728. (Pubitemid 46401657)
20. Byron, I., and A. Curtis (2002), Maintaining volunteer commitment to local watershed initiatives, Environ. Manage., 30(1), 59-67. (Pubitemid 36927570)
21. Carr, G., D. P. Loucks, and G. Blöschl (2012), An analysis of public participation in the Lake Ontario-St. Lawrence River study, in Water Coma-nagement, edited by V. I. Gover and G. Kratzenberg, in press.
22. Chenoweth, J. L., S. A. Ewing, and J. F. Bird (2002), Procedures for ensuring community involvement in multijurisdictional river basins: A comparison of the Murray-Darling and Mekong River Basins, Environ. Manage., 29(4), 497-509. (Pubitemid 36927606)
23. Chess, C., and B. B. Johnson (2006), Organizational learning about public participation: "Tiggers" and "Eeyores," Hum. Ecol. Rev., 13(2), 182-192. (Pubitemid 44683821)
24. Chess, C., and K. Purcell (1999), Public participation and the environment: Do we know what works?, Environ. Sci. Technol., 33(16), 2685-2692. (Pubitemid 29387803)
25. Chilvers, J. (2009), Deliberative and participatory approaches in environmental geography, in A Companion to Environmental Geography, edited by N. Castree et al., pp. 400-417, Wiley-Blackwell, Oxford, U. K.
26. Clarke, B. (2008), Seeking the grail: Evaluating whether Australia's Coast-care Program achieved "meaningful" community participation, Soc. Nat. Resour., 21(10), 891-907.
27. Coglianese, C. (1997), Assessing consensus: The promise and performance of negotiated rulemaking, Duke Law J., 46(6), 1255-1349.
28. Coglianese, C. (1999), The limits of consensus, Environment, 41, 28-33. (Pubitemid 29180322)
29. Collins, K., C. Blackmore, D. Morris, and D. Watson (2007), A systemic approach to managing multiple perspectives and stakeholding in water catchments: Some findings from three UK case studies, Environ. Sci. Policy, 10, 564-574.
30. Commission of the European Communities (2000), Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council establishing a framework for community action in the field of water policy, Off. J., L 327.
31. Conley, A., and M. A. Moote (2003), Evaluating collaborative natural resource management, Soc. Nat. Resour., 16, 371-386. (Pubitemid 36689631)
32. Connick, S., and J. E. Innes (2003), Outcomes of collaborative water policy making: Applying complexity thinking to evaluation, J. Environ. Plann. Manage., 46(2), 177-197. (Pubitemid 36624176)
33. Cooke, B., and U. Kothari (2001), Participation: The New Tyranny?, Zed Books, London.
34. Danielson, S., T. Webler, and S. P. Tuler (2010), Using Q method for the formative evaluation of public participation processes, Soc. Nat. Resour., 23(1), 92-96.
35. De Marchi, B. (2003), Public participation and risk governance, Sci. Public Policy, 30(3), 171-176. (Pubitemid 37190195)
36. De Marchi, B., S. O. Funtowicz, S. Lo Cascio, and G. Munda (2000), Combining participative and institutional approaches with multicriteria evaluation: An empirical study for water issues in Troina, Sicily, Ecol. Econ., 34, 267-282.
37. De Stefano, L. (2010), Facing the water framework directive challenges: A baseline of stakeholder participation in the European Union, J. Environ. Manage., 91, 1332-1340.
38. Dinar, A., K. Kemper, W. Blomquist, and P. Kurukulasuriya (2007), Whitewater: Decentralization of river basin water resource management, J. Policy Model., 29, 851-867.
39. Dray, A., P. Perez, D. Le Page, P. D'Aquino, and I. White (2007), Who wants to terminate the game? The role of vested interests and meta-players in the ATOLLGAME experience, Simul. Gaming, 38, 494-511.
40. Duram, L. A., and K. G. Brown (1999), Assessing public participation in US watershed planning initiatives, Soc. Nat. Resour., 12, 455-467. (Pubitemid 29435309)
41. Eng, E., J. Briscoe, and A. Cunningham (1990), Participation effect from water projects on EPI, Soc. Sci. Med., 30, 1349-1358. (Pubitemid 20208248)
42. Ertel, M. O. (1979), A survey research evaluation of citizen participation strategies, Water Resour. Res., 15(4), 757-762. (Pubitemid 10270004)
43. Faysse, N., M. Errahj, M. Kuper, and M. Mahdi (2010), Learning to voice? The evolving roles of family farmers in the coordination of large-scale irrigation schemes in Morocco, Water Altern., 3(1), 48-67.
44. Ferreyra, C., and P. Beard (2007), Participatory evaluation of collaborative and integrated water management: Insights from the field, J. Environ. Plann. Manage., 50(2), 271-296. (Pubitemid 46394882)
45. Forshay, K. J., H. N. Morzaria-Luna, B. Hale, and K. Predick (2005), Landowner satisfaction with the Wetlands Reserve Program in Wisconsin, Environ. Manage., 36(2), 248-257. (Pubitemid 41204390)
46. Fuller, B. W. (2009), Surprising cooperation despite apparently irreconcilable differences: Agricultural water use efficiency and CALFED, Environ. Sci. Policy, 12, 663-673.
47. Genskow, K. D. (2009), Catalyzing collaboration: Wisconsin's agency-initiated basin partnerships, Environ. Manage., 43, 411-424.
48. Gregory, R., T. McDaniels, and D. Fields (2001), Decision aiding, not dispute resolution: Creating insights through structured environmental decisions, J. Policy Anal. Manage., 20(3), 415-432.
49. Hahn, T., P. Olsson, C. Folke, and K. Johansson (2006), Trust building, knowledge generation and organizational innovations: The role of a bridging organization for adaptive co-management of a wetland landscape around Kristianstad, Sweden, Hum. Ecol., 34, 573-592. (Pubitemid 44490017)
50. Halvorsen, K. E. (2001), Assessing public participation techniques for comfort, convenience, satisfaction, and deliberation, Environ. Manage., 28(2), 179-186. (Pubitemid 32641184)
51. Halvorsen, K. E. (2006), Critical next steps in research on public meetings and environmental decision-making, Hum. Ecol. Rev., 13(2), 150-160. (Pubitemid 44683818)
52. Hanemann, M., and C. Dyckman (2009), The San Francisco Bay-Delta: A failure of decision making capacity, Environ. Sci. Policy, 12, 710-725.
53. Hare, M., and C. Pahl-Wostl (2002), Stakeholder categorisation in participatory integrated assessment processes, Integr. Assess., 3(1), 50-62.
54. Hartley, N., and C. Wood (2005), Public participation in environmental impact assessment\Implementing the Aarhus Convention, Environ. Impact Assess. Rev., 25, 319-340. (Pubitemid 40483186)
55. Hatzilacou, D., G. Kallis, A. Mexa, H. Coccosis, and E. Svoronou (2007), Scenario workshops: A useful method for participatory water resources planning?, Water Resour. Res., 43, W06414, doi:10.1029/2006WR004878. (Pubitemid 47124437)
56. Hedelin, B. (2007), Criteria for assessment of sustainable water management, Environ. Manage., 39, 151-163. (Pubitemid 44974349)
57. Hemmati, M. (2002), Multi-stakeholder Processes for Governance and Sustainability: Beyond Deadlock and Conflict, Earthscan, London.
58. Hoverman, S., H. Ross, T. Chan, and B. Powell, (2011), Social learning through participatory integrated catchment risk assessment in the Solomon Islands, Ecol. Soc., 16(2), Article 17.
59. Huitema, D., C. Cornelisse, and B. Ottow (2010), Is the jury still out? Toward greater insight in policy learning in participatory decision proc-esses\The case of Dutch citizens' juries on water management in the Rhine Basin, Ecol. Soc., 15(1), Article 16.
60. Hurlimann, A., and S. Dolnicar (2010), When public opposition defeats alternative water projects\The case of Toowoomba Australia, Water Res., 44, 287-297.
61. Ingram, P. C., V. J. Young, M. Millan, C. Chang, and T. Tabucchi (2006), From controversy to consensus: The Redwood City recycled water experience, Desalination, 187, 179-190. (Pubitemid 43137448)
62. Innes, J. E. (1999), Evaluating consensus building, in The Consensus Building Handbook: A Comprehensive Guide to Reaching Agreement, edited by L. Susskind, S. McKearman, and J. Thomas-Larmer, pp. 631-676, Sage, Thousand Oaks, Calif.
63. Innes, J. E., and D. E. Booher (2004), Reframing public participation: Strategies for the 21st century, Plann. Theory Pract., 5(4), 419-436. (Pubitemid 40098741)
64. Irvin, R. A., and J. Stansbury (2004), Citizen participation in decision making: Is it worth the effort?, Public Admin. Rev., 64, 55-65.
65. Irvine, K., and S. O'Brien (2009), Progress on stakeholder participation in the implementation of the Water Framework Directive in the Republic of Ireland, Biol. Environ. Proc. R. Ir. Acad., 109, 365-376.
66. Ison, R., and D. Watson (2007), Illuminating the possibilities for social learning in the management of Scotland's water, Ecol. Soc., 12(1), Article 21.
67. Ison, R., N. Röling, and D. Watson (2007), Challenges to science and society in the sustainable management and use of water: Investigating the role of social learning, Environ. Sci. Policy, 10, 499-511.
68. Jiggins, J., E. van Slobbe, and N. Röling (2007), The organisation of social learning in response to perceptions of crisis in the water sector of the Netherlands, Environ. Sci. Policy, 10, 526-536. (Pubitemid 47189110)
69. Joint Committee on Standards for Educational Evaluation (1994), The Program Evaluation Standards, 2nd ed., Sage, Thousand Oaks, Calif.
70. Jones, N. (2010), Environmental activation of citizens in the context of policy agenda formation and the influence of social capital, Soc. Sci. J., 47, 121-136.
71. Jones, N. A., P. Perez, T. G. Measham, G. J. Kelly, P. d'Aquino, K. A. Daniell, A. Dray, and N. Ferrand (2009), Evaluating participatory modeling: Developing a framework for cross-case analysis, Environ. Manage., 44, 1180-1195.
72. Junker, B., M. Buchecker, and U. Müller-Böker (2007), Objectives of public participation: Which actors should be involved in the decision making for river restorations?, Water Resour. Res., 43, W10438, doi:10.1029/2006WR005584. (Pubitemid 350210184)
73. Kallis, G., M. Kiparsky, and R. Norgaard (2009), Collaborative governance and adaptive management: Lessons from California's CALFED Water Program, Environ. Sci. Policy, 12, 631-643.
74. Karl, M. (2000), Monitoring and evaluating stakeholder participation in agriculture and rural development projects: A literature review, report, Sustainable Dev. Dep., Food and Agric. Organ., Rome. [Available at http://www.fao.org/sd/PPdirect/PPre0074.htm.]
75. Ker Rault, P., and P. Jeffrey (2008), On the appropriateness of public participation in integrated water resource management: Some grounded insights from the Levant, Integr. Assess. J., 8(2), 69-106.
76. Klinke, A. (2009), Deliberate transnationalism\Transnational governance, public participation and expert deliberation, For. Policy Econ., 11, 348-356.
77. Koehler, B., and T. M. Koontz (2008), Citizen participation in collaborative watershed partnerships, Environ. Manage., 41, 143-154.
78. Koontz, T. M., and E. Moore Johnson (2004), One size does not fit all: Matching breadth of stakeholder participation to watershed group accomplishments, Policy Sci., 37, 185-204. (Pubitemid 39547080)
79. Koontz, T. M., and C. W. Thomas (2006), What do we know and need to know about the environmental outcomes of collaborative management, Public Admin. Rev., 66(S1), 111-121.
80. Kuper, M., M. Dionnet, A. Hammani, Y. Bekkar, P. Garin, and B. Bluem-ling (2009), Supporting the shift from state water to community water: Lessons from a social learning approach to designing joint irrigation projects in Morocco, Ecol. Soc., 14(1), Article 19.
81. Lamers, M., B. Ottow, G. Francois, and Y. von Korff, (2010), Beyond dry feet? Experiences from a participatory water-management planning case in the Netherlands, Ecol. Soc., 15(1), Article 14.
82. Lankford, B., and D. Watson (2007), Metaphor in natural resource gaming: Insights from the river basin game, Simul. Gaming, 38, 421-442.
83. Larson, K. L., and D. Lach (2008), Participants and non-participants of place-based groups: An assessment of attitudes and implications for public participation in water resource management, J. Environ. Manage., 8, 817-830.
84. Layzer, J. A. (2008), Natural Experiments: Ecosystem-Based Management and the Environment, MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass.
85. Leach, W. D. (2006), Theories about consensus-based conservation, Con-serv. Biol., 20(2), 573-575.
86. Leach, W. D., and N. W. Pelkey (2001), Making watershed partnerships work: A review of the empirical literature, J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage., 127, 378-385.
87. Leach, W. D., and P. A. Sabatier (2005a), Are trust and social capital the keys to success? Watershed partnerships in California and Washington, in Swimming Upstream: Collaborative Approaches to Watershed Management, edited by P. A. Sabatier et al., pp. 233-258, MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass.
88. Leach, W. D., and P. A. Sabatier (2005b), To trust an adversary: Integrating rational and psychological models of collaborative policymaking, Am. Political Sci. Rev., 99(4), 491-503. (Pubitemid 43381107)
89. Leach, W. D., N. W. Pelkey, and P. A. Sabatier (2002), Stakeholder partnerships as collaborative policymaking: Evaluation criteria applied to watershed management in California and Washington, J. Policy Anal. Manage., 21 (4):645-670. (Pubitemid 37239530)
90. Lejano, R. P., and H. Ingram (2009), Collaborative networks and new ways of knowing. Environ. Sci. Policy, 12, 653-662.
91. Lemos, M. C., A. R. Bell, N. L. Engle, R. M. Formiga-Johnsson, and D. R. Nelson (2010), Technical knowledge and water resources management: A comparative study of river basin councils, Brazil, Water Resour. Res., 46, W06523, doi:10.1029/2009WR007949.
92. Lubell, M. (2004a), Collaborative environmental institutions: all talk and no action?, J. Policy Anal. Manage., 23(3), 549-573. (Pubitemid 38882786)
93. Lubell, M. (2004b), Resolving conflict and building cooperation in the National Estuary Program, Environ. Manage., 33(5), 677-691. (Pubitemid 39031190)
94. Lubell, M. (2007), Familiarity breeds trust: Collective action in a policy domain, J. Politics, 69(1), 237-250.
95. Lubell, M., and A. Fulton (2008), Local policy networks and agricultural watershed management, J. Public Admin. Res. Theory, 18(4), 673-696.
96. Marttunen, M., and R. P. Hämäläinen (2008), The decision analysis interview approach in the collaborative management of a large regulated water course, Environ. Manage., 42, 1026-1042.
97. McCool, S. F., and K. Guthrie (2001), Mapping the dimensions of successful public participation in messy natural resources management situations, Soc. Nat. Resour., 14(4), 309-323. (Pubitemid 32325162)
98. McKinney, M., and P. Field (2008), Evaluating community-based collaboration on federal lands and resources, Soc. Nat. Resour., 21, 419-429. (Pubitemid 351942863)
99. Messner, F., O. Zwirner, and M. Karkuschke (2006), Participation in multi-criteria decision support for the resolution of a water allocation problem in the Spree River basin, Land Use Policy, 23, 63-75. (Pubitemid 43071719)
100. Moote, M. A., M. P. McClaran, and D. K. Chickering (1997), Theory in practice: Applying participatory democracy theory to public land planning, Environ. Manage., 21(6), 877-889. (Pubitemid 27430465)
101. Mostert, E., C. Pahl-Wostl, Y. Rees, B. Seare, D. Tàbara, and J. Tippett, (2007), Social learning in European river-basin management: Barriers and fostering mechanisms from 10 river basins, Ecol. Soc., 12(1), Article 19.
102. Mouratiadou, I., and D. Moran (2007), Mapping public participation in the Water Framework Directive: A case study of the Pinios River Basin, Greece, Ecol. Econ., 62, 66-76. (Pubitemid 46469972)
103. Murdock, B. S., C. Wiessner, and K. Sexton (2005), Stakeholder participation in voluntary environmental agreements: Analysis of 10 Project XL case studies, Sci. Technol. Hum. Values, 30, 223-250. (Pubitemid 40465732)
104. Muro, M., and P. Jeffrey (2006), A review of participatory test and evaluation approaches for water management, Water Sci. Technol. Water Supply, 6(5), 1-8. (Pubitemid 44861628)
105. Muro, M., and P. Jeffrey (2008), A critical review of the theory and application of social learning in participatory natural resource management processes, J. Environ. Plann. Manage., 51(3), 325-344. (Pubitemid 351935726)
106. Newig, J., and O. Fritsch (2009a), Environmental governance: Participatory, multi-level-and effective?, Environ. Policy Governance, 19, 197-214.
107. Newig, J., and O. Fritsch (2009b), More input-better output: Does citizen involvement improve environmental governance?, in In Search of Legitimacy: Policy Making in Europe and the Challenge of Complexity, edited by I. Blühdorn, pp. 205-224, Barbara Budrich, Opladen, Germany.
108. Newig, J., C. Pahl-Wostl, and K. Sigel (2005), The role of public participation in managing uncertainty in the implementation of the Water Framework Directive, Eur. Environ., 15, 333-343. (Pubitemid 43000851)
109. Ohno, T., T. Tanaka, and M. Sakagami (2010), Does social capital encourage participatory watershed management? An analysis using survey data from the Yodo River Watershed, Soc. Nat. Resour., 23(4), 303-321.
110. Pahl-Wostl, C. (2002), Participative and stakeholder-based policy design, evaluation and modeling processes, Integr. Assess., 3(1), 3-14.
111. Pahl-Wostl, C., M. Craps, A. Dewulf, E. Mostert, D. Tabara, and T. Taillieu (2007), Social learning and water resources management, Ecol. Soc., 12(2), Article 5.
112. Park, M., M. Stenstrom, and S. Pincetl (2009), Water quality improvement policies: Lessons learned from the implementation of Proposition O in Los Angeles, California, Environ. Manage., 43, 514-522.
113. Parker, J. S., R. Moore, and M. Weaver (2009), Developing participatory models of watershed management in the Sugar Creek watershed (Ohio, USA), Water Altern., 2(1), 82-100.
114. Patton, M. Q. (2002), Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods, 3rd ed., Sage, Thousand Oaks, Calif.
115. Pelling, M., and C. High (2005), Understanding adaptation: What can social capital offer assessments on adaptive capacity?, Global Environ. Change, 15, 308-319. (Pubitemid 41608730)
116. Petts, J. (2006), Managing public engagement to optimize learning: Reflections from urban river restoration, Hum. Ecol. Rev., 13(2), 172-181. (Pubitemid 44683820)
117. Plummer, R., and D. Armitage (2007), A resilience-based framework for evaluating adaptive co-management: Linking ecology, economics and society in a complex world, Ecol. Econ., 61, 62-74.
118. Pretty, J. N. (1995), Participatory learning for sustainable development, World Dev., 23(8), 1247-1263.
119. Pretty, J. N. (2003), Social capital and the collective management of resources, Science, 302, 1912-1914.
120. Pretty, J., and H. Ward (2001), Social capital and the Environment, World Dev., 29, 209-227.
121. Putnam, R. D. (1995), Bowling alone: America's declining social capital, J. Democracy, 6(1), 64-78.
122. Reed, M. S. (2008), Stakeholder participation for environmental management: A literature review, Biol. Conserv., 141, 2417-2431.
123. Rowe, G., and L. J. Frewer (2000), Public participation methods: A framework for evaluation, Sci. Technol. Hum. Values, 25(1), 3-29.
124. Rowe, G., and L. J. Frewer (2004), Evaluating public-participation exercises: A research agenda, Sci. Technol. Hum. Values, 29(4), 512-556.
125. Sandström, C. (2009), Institutional dimensions of comanagement: Participation, power and process, Soc. Nat. Resour., 22,230-244.
126. Schlüter, M., D. Hirsch, and C. Pahl-Wostl (2010), Coping with change: Responses of the Uzbek water management regime to socio-economic transition and global change, Environ. Sci. Policy, 13,620-636.
127. Schultz, L., A. Duit, and C. Folke (2011), Participation, adaptive co-management and management performance in the world network of Biosphere Reserves, World Dev., 39(4), 662-671.
128. Scriven, M. (1991), Evaluation Thesaurus, Sage, Thousand Oaks, Calif.
129. Steyaert, P., and J. Jiggins (2007), Governance of complex environmental situations through social learning: A synthesis of SLIM's lessons for research, policy and practice, Environ. Sci. Policy, 10, 575-586. (Pubitemid 47189112)
130. Steyaert, P., M. Barzman, J. Billaud, H. Brives, B. Hubert, G. Ollivier, and B. Roche (2007), The role of knowledge and research in facilitating social learning among stakeholders in natural resources management in the French Atlantic coastal wetlands, Environ. Sci. Policy, 10, 537-550. (Pubitemid 47192874)
131. Stufflebeam, D. L., and A. J. Shinkfield (2007), Evaluation Theory, Models and Applications, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco, Calif.
132. Sultana, P., and P. Thompson (2004), Methods of consensus building for community-based fisheries management in Bangladesh and the Mekong Delta, Agric. Syst.,82, 327-353. (Pubitemid 39415072)
133. Susskind, L., and P. Field (1996), Dealing With an Angry Public: The Mutual Gains Approach to Resolving Disputes, Free Press, New York.
134. Susskind, L., S. McKearman, and J. Thomas-Larmer (1999), The Consensus Building Handbook: A Comprehensive Guide to Reaching Agreement, Sage, Thousand Oaks, Calif.
135. Tam, C. (2006), Harmony hurts: Participation and silent conflict at an Indonesian fish pond, Environ. Manage., 38(1), 1-15. (Pubitemid 43825170)
136. Theesfeld, I. (2011), Perceived power resources in situations of collective action, Water Altern., 4(1), 86-103.
137. Toledo, M. E., V. Vanlerberghe, A. Baly, E. Ceballos, L. Valdes, S. Searret, M. Boelaert, and P. Van der Stuyft (2007), Towards active community participation in dengue vector control: Results from action research in Santiago de Cuba, Cuba, Trans. R. Soc. Trop. Med. Hygiene, 101(1), 56-63.
138. Tuler, S., and T. Webler (2010), How preferences for public participation are linked to perceptions of the context, preferences for outcomes, and individual characteristics, Environ. Manage., 46, 254-267.
139. United Nations (UN) (1987), Report of the World Commission on Environment and Development: Our common future, transmitted to the General Assembly as an annex to document A/42/427-Development and international co-operation: Environment, New York.
140. United Nations (UN) (1992), Agenda 21: Programme of Action for Sustainable Development; Rio Declaration on Environment and Development; Statement of Forest Principles: The Final Text of Agreements Negotiated by Governments at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), 3-14 June 1992, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, United Nations, New York.
141. United Nations (UN) (2002), Report of the World Summit on Sustainable Development, Johannesburg, South Africa, 26 August-4 September 2002, United Nations, New York.
142. Uphoff, N., and C. M. Wijayaratna (2000), Demonstrated benefits from social capital: The productivity of farmer organisations in Gal Oya, Sri Lanka, World Dev., 28, 1875-1890.
143. Uysal, O. K., and E. Atis (2010), Assessing the performance of participatory irrigation management over time: A case study from Turkey, Agric. Water Manage., 97,1017-1025.
144. van de Kerkhof, M. (2006), Making a difference: On the constraints of consensus building and the relevance of deliberation in stakeholder dialogues, Policy Sci., 39, 279-299.
145. van den Hove, S. (2000), Participatory approaches to environmental policy-making: The European Commission Climate Policy Process as a case study,Ecol. Econ., 33,457-472. (Pubitemid 30354614)
146. van den Hove, S. (2006), Between consensus and compromise: Acknowledging the negotiation dimension in participatory approaches, Land Use Policy, 23,10-17.
147. Walker, G. B., S. L. Senecah, and S. E. Daniels (2006), From the forest to the river: Citizens' views of stakeholder engagement, Hum. Ecol. Rev., 13(2), 193-202. (Pubitemid 44683822)
148. Webler, T. (1995), "Right" discourse in citizen participation: An evaluation yardstick, in Fairness and Competence in Citizen Participation: Evaluating Models for Environmental Discourse, edited by O. Renn, T. Webler, and P. Wiedemann, pp. 35-86, Kluwer Acad., Dordrecht, Netherlands.
149. Webler, T. (1999), The craft and theory of public participation: a dialectical process, J. Risk Res., 2(1), 55-71.
150. Webler, T., S. Tuler, and R. Krueger (2001), What is a good public participation process? Five perspectives from the public, Environ. Manage., 27(3), 435-450. (Pubitemid 32126131)
151. Webler, T., S. Tuler, I. Shockey, P. Stern, and R. Beattie (2003), Participation by local governmental officials in watershed management planning, Soc. Nat. Resour., 16(2), 105-121. (Pubitemid 36199398)
152. Weible, C., P. A. Sabatier, and M. Lubell (2004), A comparison of a collaborative and top-down approach to the use of science in policy: Establishing marine protected areas in California, Policy Stud. J., 32(2), 187-207.
153. Weible, C. (2008), A collective interest model approach to explain the benefit cost expectations of participating in a collaborative institution, Environment and Behavior, 40(1), 24-45. (Pubitemid 350187224)
154. Wilson, G. A., and H. Buller (2001), The use of socio-economic and environmental indicators in assessing the effectiveness of EU agri-environmental policy,Eur. Environ., 11, 297-313. (Pubitemid 34004884)
155. Wright, S. A. L., and O. Fritsch (2011), Operationalising active involvement in the EU Water Framework Directive: Why, when and how?, Ecol. Econ., 70, 2268-2274.
156. Yandle, T., N. Hajj, and R. Raciborski (2011), The Goldilocks solution: Exploring the relationship between trust and participation in resource management within the New Zealand commercial rock lobster fishery, Policy Stud. J., 39(4), 631-658.
157. Young, R. A. (2005), Determining the Economic Value of Water: Concepts and Methods, Resour. for the Future, Washington, D. C.
158. Zorrilla, P., G. Carmona, A. De la Hera, C. Varela-Ortega, P. Martinez-Santos, J. Bromley, and H. J. Henriksen (2009), Evaluation of Bayesian networks as a tool for participatory water resources management: Application to the Upper Guadiana basin in Spain, Ecol. Soc, 15(3), 12.