The impact of economic and cultural cues on support for immigration in Canada and the United States

Canadian Journal of Political Science

Volumn 45, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 499-530

  Harell, Allison ^a   Soroka, Stuart ^b   Iyengar, Shanto ^c   Valentino, Nicholas ^d  

^a UNIVERSITÉ DU QUÉBEC À MONTRÉAL   (Canada)

^b MCGILL UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^c STANFORD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^d UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 84869152677     PISSN: 00084239     EISSN: 17449324     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0008423912000698     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (100)

1. Adams, Michael. 2007. Unlikely Utopia: The Surprising Triumph of Canadian Pluralism. Toronto: Viking Canada.
2. Aksoy, Deniz. 2011. "The Flag or the Pocketbook: To What Are Immigrants a Threat." International Migration Review 49: 1468-2435.
3. Ayers, John W., C. Richard Hofstetter, Keith Schnakenberg and Bohdan Kolody. 2009. "Is Immigration a Racial Issue? Anglo Attitudes on Immigration Policies in a Border County." Social Science Quarterly 90 (3): 593-610.
4. Banting, Keith, Richard Johnston and Stuart Soroka. 2006. "Immigration and Redistribution in the Global Era." In Globalization and Social Redistribution, ed. M. Wallerstein, P. Bardhan and S. Bowles. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
5. Banting, Keith and Stuart Soroka. 2012. "Minority Nationalism and Immigrant Integration in Canada." In Nations and Nationalism 18 (1): 156-176.
6. Berry, John W., Rudolf Kalin, and Donald M. Taylor. 1977. Multiculturalism and Ethnic Attitudes in Canada. Ottawa: Supply and Services Canada.
7. Berry, JohnW. and Rudolf Kalin. 1995. "Multicultural and Ethnic Attitudes in Canada: An Overview of the 1991 National Survey." Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science 27: 301.
8. Berry, John, Rudolf Kalin and Donald Taylor. 1976. Multiculturalism and Ethnic Attitudes in Canada. Ottawa: Supply and Services Canada.
9. Bilodeau, Antoine, Stephen White and Neil Nevitte. 2010. "The Development of Dual Loyalties: Immigrants' Integration to Canadian Regional Dynamics." Canadian Journal of Political Science 43 (3): 515-44.
10. Bloemraad, Irene. 2006. Becoming a Citizen: Incorporating Immigrants and Refugees in the United States and Canada. Berkeley: University of California Press.
11. Blumer, Herbert. 1958. "Race Prejudice as a Sense of Group Position." Pacific Sociological Review 1 (1): 3-7.
12. Bouchard, G. and C. Taylor. 2008. Fonder l'avenir: Le temps de la conciliation. Montreal: Commission de Consultation sur les Pratiques d'Accommodement Reliées aux Différence Culturelles.
13. Brader, Ted, Nicholas Valentino and Elizabeth Suhay. 2008. "What Triggers Public Opposition to Immigration? Anxiety, Group Cues, and Immigration." American Journal of Political Science 52 (4): 959-78.
14. Breton, R. 1999. "Intergroup Competition in the Symbolic Construction of Canadian Society." In Race and Ethnic Relations in Canada, ed. P. Li. Don Mills ON: Oxford University Press.
15. Burns, Peter and James Gimpel. 2000. "Economic Insecurity, Prejudicial Stereotypes, and Public Opinion on Immigration Policy." Political Science Quarterly 115 (2): 201-25.
16. Carens, Joseph. 1995. "Immigration, Political Community, and the Transformation of Identity: Quebec's Immigration Politics in Critical Perspective." In Is Quebec Nationalism Just? Perspectives from Anglophone Canada, ed. Joseph Carens. Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press.
17. Chandler, Charles andYung-mei Tsai. 2001. "Social Factors Influencing Immigration Attitudes: An Analysis of Data from the General Social Survey." The Social Science Journal 38 (2): 177-88. (Pubitemid 33633505)
18. Citizenship and Immigration Canada 2010. Canada Facts and Figures: Immigrant Overview, Permanent and Temporary Residents 2009. Ottawa ON.
19. Citrin, Jack, Donald Green, Christopher Muste and Cara Wong. 1997. "Public Opinion toward Immigration Reform: The Role of Economic Motivations." Journal of Politics 59 (3): 858-81.
20. Citrin, Jack, Beth Reingold and Donald Green. 1990. "American Identity and the Politics of Ethnic Change." Journal of Politics 52 (4): 1124-54.
21. Citrin, Jack and John Sides. 2008. "Immigration and the Imagined Community in Europe and the United States." Political Studies 56 (1): 33-56.
22. Coebanu, Alin and Xavier Escandell. 2010. "Comparative Analyses of Public Attitudes Toward Immigrants and Immigration Using Multinational Survey Data: A Review of Theories and Research." Annual Review of Sociology 36: 309-28.
23. Coenders, Marcel, Marcel Lubbers, Peer Scheepers and Maykel Verkuyten. 2008. "More than Two Decades of Changing Ethnic Attitudes in the Netherlands." Journal of Social Issues 64 (2): 269-85.
24. Dixon, Travis and Keith Maddox. 2005. "Skin Tone, Crime News and Social Reality Judgments: Priming the Stereotype of the Dark and Dangerous Black Criminal." Journal of Applied Social Psychology 35 (8): 1555-70. (Pubitemid 41811516)
25. Dustmann, Christian and Ian P. Preston. 2007. "Racial and Economic Factors in Attitudes to Immigration." The B.E. Journal of Economic Analysis and Policy. http://www. bepress.com/bejeap0vol70iss10art62 (November 11, 2011).
26. Eberhardt, Jennifer. 2005. "Imaging race." American Psychologist 60 (2): 181-90. (Pubitemid 40345896)
27. Esses, Victoria, Lynne Jackson and Tamara Armstrong. 1998. "Intergroup Competition and Attitudes toward Immigrants and Immigration: An Instrumental Model of Group Conflict." Journal of Social Issues 54 (4): 699-724. (Pubitemid 128572638)
28. Facchini, Giovanni and Anna Maria Mayda. 2009. "Does the Welfare State Affect Individual Attitudes toward Immigrants? Evidence across Countries." Review of Economics and Statistics 91 (2): 295-314.
29. Fetzer, Joel S. 2000. Public Attitudes toward Immigration in the United States, France and Germany. Cambridge UK: Cambridge University Press.
30. Gagnon, Alain-G. and Raffaele Iacovino. 2007. Federalism, Citizenship and Quebec: Debating Multinationalism. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
31. Gidengil, E., A. Blais, R. Nadeau and N. Nevitte. 2003. "La Langue Française et l'Insécurité Culturelle." In Québec: Etat et Société, ed. A.-G. Gagnon. Montreal: Québec Amérique.
32. Gilliam, F.D., S. Iyengar, A. Simon and O. Wright. 1996. "Crime in Black and White: The Violent, Scary World of Local News." Harvard International Journal of Press and Politics 1 (3): 6-23. (Pubitemid 126171668)
33. Goff, Phillip, Jennifer Eberhardt, Melissa Williams and Mathew Christian Jackson. 2008. "Not Yet Human: Implicit Knowledge, Historical Dehumanisation and Contemporary Consequences." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 94 (2): 292-306.
34. Green, Eva G. T. 2007. "Guarding the Gates of Europe: A Typological Analysis of Immigration Attitudes across 21 Countries." International Journal of Psychology 42 (6): 365-79.
35. Green, Eva G.T. 2009. "Who Can Enter? A Multilevel Analysis on Public Support for Immigration Criteria across 20 European Countries." Group Processes and Intergroup Relations 12 (1): 41-60.
36. Gyimah-Brempong, Kwabena and Gregory Price. 2006. "Crime and Punishment: And Skin Hue Too?" American Economic Review Papers and Proceedings 96(2): 246-250. (Pubitemid 43813562)
37. Ha, Shang E. 2010. "The Consequences of Multiracial Contexts on Public Attitudes toward Immigration." Political Research Quarterly 63 (1): 29-42.
38. Hainmueller, Jens, and Michael Hiscox. 2007. "Educated Preferences: Explaining Attitudes toward Immigration in Europe." International Organization 61: 399-442.
39. Hainmueller, Jens and Michael Hiscox. 2010. "Attitudes toward Highly Skilled and Low-Skilled Immigration: Evidence from a Survey Experiment." American Political Science Review 104 (1): 61-84.
40. Hanson, Gordon, Kenneth Scheve and Matthew Slaughter. 2007. "Public Finance and Individual Preferences over Globalization Strategies." Economics and Politics 19 (1): 1-33. (Pubitemid 46322677)
41. Harell, Allison. 2009. "Minority-Majority Relations in Canada: The Rights Regime and the Adoption of Multicultural Values." Paper presented at Canadian Political Science Association, May 27-29, Ottawa.
42. Helly, Denise. 2002. "Le lien societal: Une enquète à Montréal." GLOBE : Revue international d'études québécoises 5 (2): 137-70.
43. Helly, Denise and Nicolas van Schendel. 1995. Appartenir au Québec: Citoyenneté, nation et société civile. Quebec: Les Presses de L'Université Laval.
44. Henry, Francis and Carol Tator. 2009. The Colour of Democracy: Racism in Canadian Society. 4th ed. Toronto: Nelson Publishing.
45. Hiebert, Daniel. 2006. "Winning, Losing, and Still Playing the Game: The Political Economy of Immigration in Canada." Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie 97 (1): 38-48. (Pubitemid 43591388)
46. Hopkins, Daniel J. 2010. "Politicized Places: Explaining Where and When Immigrants Provoke Local Opposition." American Political Science Review 104 (1): 40-60.
47. Hunter, Margaret L. 2005. Race, Gender and the Politics of Skin Tone. New York: Routledge.
48. IPSOS Polls. 2004. Reactions to Immigration in Leading Nations. Associated Press.
49. Iyengar, Shanto, Solomon Messing and Jeremy Bailenson. 2010. "Do Explicit Racial Cues Influence Candidate Preference? The Case of Skin Complexion in the 2008 Campaign." Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the APSA, Washington.
50. Iyengar, Shanto and Richard Morin. 2006. "Natural Disasters in Black and White: How Racial Cues Influenced Public Response to Hurricane Katrina." Washington Post.com. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wpdyn/ content0article020060060070 AR2006060701177.html (November 11, 2011).
51. Jackson, James S., T. Kendrick Brown, Tony N. Brown and Bryant Marks. 2001. "Contemporary Immigration Policy Orientations among Dominant-Group Members inWestern Europe." Journal of Social Issues 57 (3): 431-56. (Pubitemid 33050564)
52. Kessler, Alan and Gary Freeman. 2005. "Public Opinion in the EU on Immigration from Outside the Community." Journal of Common Market Studies 43 (4): 825-50. (Pubitemid 41560753)
53. Key, V.O. 1949. Southern Politics in State and Nation. New York: Knopf.
54. Kinder, Donald R. and Cindy D. Kam. 2009. Us against Them: Ethnocentric Foundations of American Opinion. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
55. Kinder, Donald and David Sears. 1981. "Prejudice and Politics: Symbolic Racism versus Racial Threats to the Good Life." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 40: 414-31.
56. Koopmans, Ruud, Paul Statham, Marco Giugni and Florence Passy. 2005. Contested Citizenship: Immigration and Cultural Diversity in Europe. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
57. Kymlicka,Will. 2003. "Canadian Multiculturalism in Historical and Comparative Perspective: Is Canada Unique?" Constitutional Forum 13 (1): 1-8.
58. Labelle, Micheline and François Rocher. 2004. "Debating Citizenship in Canada: The Collide of Two Nation-Building Projects." In From Subjects to Citizens: A Hundred Years of Citizenship in Australia and Canada, ed. P. Boyer. Ottawa: University of Ottawa Press.
59. Lahav, G. 2004. Immigration and Politics in the New Europe: Reinventing Borders. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
60. Lambert, R. and J. Curtis. 1982. "The French and English Canadian Language Communities and Multicultural Attitudes." Canadian Ethnic Studies 16: 30-46.
61. Lambert, R. and J. Curtis. 1983. "Opposition to Multiculturalism among Québécois and English-Canadians." Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology 20: 193-206.
62. Lambert, R. and J. Curtis. 2008. "Opposition to Multiculturalism among Québécois and English-Canadians." Canadian Review of Sociology 20: 193-207.
63. Lapinsky, J., P. Peltola, G. Shaw and A. Yang. 1997. "Trends: Immigrants and Immigration." Public Opinion Quarterly 61: 356-83. (Pubitemid 127107582)
64. Lee, Yueh-Tink, and Victor Ottati. 2002. "Attitudes toward U.S. Immigration Policy: The Roles of In-Group Out-Group Bias, Economic Concern and Obedience to Law." Journal of Social Psychology 142 (5): 617-34.
65. LeVine, R. A. and D. T. Campbell. 1972. Ethnocentrism: Theories of confiict. ethnic attitudes, and group behavior. New York: Wiley.
66. Lubbers, Marcel, Mérove Gijsberts and Peer Scheepers. 2002. "Extreme Right-Wing Voting in Western Europe." European Journal of Political Research 41 (3): 345-78.
67. Maddox, K.B. and S.A. Gray. 2002. "Cognitive Representations of Black Americans: Re-exploring the Role of Skin Tone." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 28 (2): 250-59. (Pubitemid 41301384)
68. McAndrew, Marie, J. Rossell, M. Pagé and M. Jodoin. 2000. "L'Aptitude au français des élèves montréalais d'origine immigrée." Cahier Québécois de Démographie 29 (1): 89-117.
69. McLaren, Lauren M. 2003. "Anti-Immigrant Prejudice in Europe: Contact, Threat Perception and Preferences for the Exclusion of Migrants." Social Forces 81 (3): 909-36. (Pubitemid 36507657)
70. McLaren, Lauren and Mark Johnson. 2007. "Resources, Group Conflict and Symbols: Explaining Anti-Immigration Hostility in Britain." Political Studies 55: 709-32.
71. Meuleman, Bart, Eldad Davidov and Jaak Billiet. 2009. "Changing Attitudes toward Immigration in Europe, 2002-2007: A Dynamic Group Conflict Theory Approach." Social Science Research 38 (2): 352-65.
72. O'Connell, Michael. 2011. "How Do High-Skilled Natives View High-Skilled Immigrants: Trade Theory Predictions." European Journal of Political Economy 27 (2): 230-40.
73. Office of Immigration Statistics. 2011. 2010 Yearbook of Immigration Statistics.Washington DC: Department of Homeland Security.
74. Oliver, J. Eric and Janelle Wong. 2003. "Intergroup Prejudice in Multiethnic Settings." American Journal of Political Science 47 (4): 567-82. (Pubitemid 37316223)
75. Oswald, Debra. 2006. "Understanding Anti-Arab Reactions Post-9011: The Role of Threats, Social Categories, and Personal Ideologies." Journal of Applied Social Psychology 35 (9): 1775-99. (Pubitemid 43098300)
76. Palmer, Douglas L. 1996. "Determinants of Canadian Attitudes toward Immigration: More than Just Racism?" Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science 28 (3): 180.
77. Pettigrew, Thomas F. 1998. "Reactions toward the New Minorities of Western Europe." Annual Review of Sociology 24: 77-103.
78. Poynting, Scott and Victoria Mason. 2007. "The Resistible Rise of Islamophobia." Journal of Sociology 43 (1): 61-86.
79. Quillian, Lincoln. 1995. "Prejudice as a Response to Perceived Group Threat: Population Composition and Anti-Immigrant and Racial Prejudice in Europe." American Sociological Review 60 (4): 586-611.
80. Rossi, Peter and Steven Nock. 1982. Measuring Social Judgments: The Factorial Survey Approach. Newbury: Sage Publications.
81. Rustenbach, Elisa. 2010. "Sources of Negative Attitudes toward Immigrants in Europe: A Multi-Level Analysis." International Migration Review 44 (1): 53-77.
82. Salée, Daniel and Michelene Labelle. 2001. "Immigrant and Minority Representations of Citizenships in Quebec." In Citizenship Today: Global Perspectives and Practices, ed. T. Alexander Aleinikoff and Douglas Klusmeyer.Washington: Brookings Institution.
83. Schain, Martin. 2008. The Politics of Immigration in France, Britain and the United States: A Comparative Study. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
84. Scheve, Kenneth and Matthey Slaughter. 2001. "Labor-Market Competition and Individual Preferences over Immigration Policy." Review of Economics and Statistics 83 (1): 133-45.
85. Schlueter, Elmar and Eldad Davidov. Forthcoming. "Contextual Sources of Perceived Group Threat: Negative Immigration-related News Reports, Immigrant Group Size and their Interaction, Spain 1996-2007." European Sociological Review.
86. Segovia, Francine and Renatta Defever. 2010. "The polls-Trends: American Public Opinion on Immigrants and Immigration Policy." Public Opinion Quarterly 74 (2): 375-94.
87. Seltzer, Richard and R.C. Smith. 1991. "Color Differences in the Afro-American Community and the Differences They Make." Journal of Black Studies 21 (3): 279-86.
88. Simon, Rita and James Lynch. 1999. "A Comparative Assessment of Public Opinion toward Immigrants and Immigration Policies." International Migration Review 33 (2): 455-67. (Pubitemid 29403059)
89. Sniderman, Paul and Louk Hagendoorn. 2007. When Ways of Life Collide: Multiculturalism and Its Discontents in the Netherlands. Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press.
90. Sniderman, Paul M., Pierangelo Peri, Rui J.P. Figueiredo and Thomas Piazza. 2000. The Outsider: Prejudice and Politics in Italy. Princeton NJ.: Princeton University Press.
91. Statistics Canada. 2007. Immigration in Canada: A Portrait of the Foreign-Born Population, 2006 Census (Catalogue no. 97-557).
92. Statistics Canada. 2008. Education Portrait of Canada, 2006 Census. (Catalogue no. 97-560-X).
93. Tajfel, Henry and John C. Turner. 1986. "The Social Identity Theory of Intergroup Behavior." In Psychology of Intergroup Relations, ed. W. G. Austin and S. Worchel. Chicago: Nelson-Hall.
94. Terkildsen, Nadya. 1993. "When White Voters Evaluate Black Candidates: The Processing Implications of Candidate Skin Color, Prejudice, and Self-Monitoring." American Journal of Political Science 37 (4): 1032-53.
95. US Census Bureau. 2009. Foreign-Born Population of the United States: Current Population Survey-March 2009. http://www.census. gov0population0www0socdemo0foreign0 cps2009.html (November 11, 2011).
96. US Census Bureau. 2011. "The Foreign Born from Latin America and the Caribbean: 2010." American Community Survey Briefs, ACSBR010-15. http://www.census.gov0 prod02011pubs0acsbr10-15.pdf
97. Valentino, Nicholas, Ted Brader and Ashley Jardina. Forthcoming. "Antecedents of Immigration Opposition among US Whites: General Ethnocentrism or Media Priming of Latino Attitudes?" Political Psychology.
98. Vavreck, Lynn and Shanto Iyengar. 2011. "New developments in experimental methods." In Sage Handbook of Political Communication, ed. Holli A. Semetko and Margaret Scammell. Beverly Hills CA: Sage.
99. Weaver, Vesla M. 2009. "The Electoral Consequences of Skin Color: The Hidden Side of Race in Politics." Political Behavior 34 (1): 159-92.
100. Wilkes, Rima, Neil Guppy and Lily Farris. 2008. "No Thanks,We're Full: Individual Characteristics, National Context, and Changing Attitudes toward Immigration." International Migration Review 42 (2): 203-329.