Antimicrobial treatment concepts for orthopaedic device-related infection

Clinical Microbiology and Infection

Volumn 18, Issue 12, 2012, Pages 1176-1184

  Sendi, P ^a,b,c   Zimmerli, W ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL BASEL   (Switzerland)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BERN   (Switzerland)

^c UNIVERSITY OF BERN   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

Bone penetration; Daptomycin; Linezolid; Orthopaedic device related infection; Rifampin; Rifamycin derivatives

Indexed keywords

ABI 0043; AMOXICILLIN; ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; CEFAZOLIN; CEFEPIME; CEFTAZIDIME; CEFTRIAXONE; CEFUROXIME; CILASTATIN PLUS IMIPENEM; CIPROFLOXACIN; CLAVULANIC ACID; CLINDAMYCIN; DAPTOMYCIN; DOXYCYCLINE; FLUCLOXACILLIN; FUSIDIC ACID; LEVOFLOXACIN; LINEZOLID; MEROPENEM; METRONIDAZOLE; MINOCYCLINE; MOXIFLOXACIN; PENICILLIN G; RIFABUTIN; RIFAMPICIN; RIFAPENTINE; SULFAMETHOXAZOLE; TRIMETHOPRIM; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VANCOMYCIN;

ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE; ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY; DEVICE INFECTION; DRUG BIOAVAILABILITY; DRUG BLOOD LEVEL; DRUG MECHANISM; DRUG TOLERABILITY; ENTEROCOCCUS; HEPATITIS; HUMAN; LIVER TOXICITY; METHICILLIN RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS; MINIMUM INHIBITORY CONCENTRATION; MONOTHERAPY; ORTHOPEDIC DEVICE RELATED INFECTION; ORTHOPEDIC EQUIPMENT; POSTOPERATIVE PERIOD; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROPIONIBACTERIUM; PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA; REVIEW;

STAPHYLOCOCCUS;

EID: 84869101164     PISSN: 1198743X     EISSN: 14690691     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/1469-0691.12003     Document Type: Review

References (99)

1. Zimmerli W, Trampuz A, Ochsner PE. Prosthetic-joint infections. N Engl J Med 2004; 351: 1645-1654.
2. Del Pozo JL, Patel R. Clinical practice. Infection associated with prosthetic joints. N Engl J Med 2009; 361: 787-794.
3. Moran E, Byren I, Atkins BL. The diagnosis and management of prosthetic joint infections. J Antimicrob Chemother 2010; 65 (suppl 3): iii45-iii54.
4. Trampuz A, Zimmerli W. Antimicrobial agents in orthopaedic surgery: prophylaxis and treatment. Drugs 2006; 66: 1089-1105.
5. Mouton JW, Theuretzbacher U, Craig WA, Tulkens PM, Derendorf H, Cars O. Tissue concentrations: do we ever learn?J Antimicrob Chemother 2008; 61: 235-237.
6. Zimmerli W, Widmer AF, Blatter M, Frei R, Ochsner PE. Role of rifampin for treatment of orthopedic implant-related staphylococcal infections: a randomized controlled trial. Foreign-Body Infection (FBI) Study Group. JAMA 1998; 279: 1537-1541.
7. Widmer AF, Frei R, Rajacic Z, Zimmerli W. Correlation between in vivo and in vitro efficacy of antimicrobial agents against foreign body infections. J Infect Dis 1990; 162: 96-102.
8. Farrell DJ, Castanheira M, Chopra I. Characterization of global patterns and the genetics of fusidic acid resistance. Clin Infect Dis 2011; 52 (suppl 7): S487-S492.
9. Cook PP, Gooch M, Rizzo S. Reduction in fluoroquinolone use following introduction of ertapenem into a hospital formulary is associated with improvement in susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to group 2 carbapenems: a 10-year study. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2011; 55: 5597-5601.
10. Bamberger D, Foxworth J, Bridwell D, Shain C, Gerding D. Extravascular antimicrobial distribution and the respective blood and urine concentrations in humans. In: Lorian V, ed. Antibiotics in laboratory medicine. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2005; 719-814.
11. Documed. Arzneimittel-Kompendium der Schweiz. Basel, Switzerland, 2012.
12. Wichelhaus TA. Antibiotika-Moderne Therapiekonzepte. Bremen: UNI-MED Verlag AG, 2004/2005.
13. Arancibia A, Guttmann J, Gonzalez G, Gonzalez C. Absorption and disposition kinetics of amoxicillin in normal human subjects. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1980; 17: 199-202.
14. Landersdorfer CB, Kirkpatrick CM, Kinzig-Schippers M et al. Population pharmacokinetics at two dose levels and pharmacodynamic profiling of flucloxacillin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2007; 51: 3290-3297.
15. Ljungberg B, Nilsson-Ehle I. Pharmacokinetics of meropenem and its metabolite in young and elderly healthy men. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1992; 36: 1437-1440.
16. Forth W, Henschler D, Rummel W, Starke K. Allgemeine und spezielle Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, 7th edn. Heidelberg, Berlin: Spektrum Akademischer Verlag, 1996.
17. Rybak MJ, Lomaestro BM, Rotschafer JC et al. Vancomycin therapeutic guidelines: a summary of consensus recommendations from the Infectious Diseases Society of America, the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists, and the Society of Infectious Diseases Pharmacists. Clin Infect Dis 2009; 49: 325-327.
18. Venkatesan K. Pharmacokinetic drug interactions with rifampicin. Clin Pharmacokinet 1992; 22: 47-65.
19. Achermann Y, Eigenmann K, Ledergerber B et al. Factors associated with rifampin resistance in staphylococcal periprosthetic joint infections (PJI): a matched case-control study. Infection (in press); Doi:10.1007/s15010-012-0325-7.
20. Aboltins CA, Page MA, Buising KL et al. Treatment of staphylococcal prosthetic joint infections with debridement, prosthesis retention and oral rifampicin and fusidic acid. Clin Microbiol Infect 2007; 13: 586-591.
21. Soriano A, Garcia S, Bori G et al. Treatment of acute post-surgical infection of joint arthroplasty. Clin Microbiol Infect 2006; 12: 930-933.
22. Drancourt M, Stein A, Argenson JN, Roiron R, Groulier P, Raoult D. Oral treatment of Staphylococcus spp. infected orthopaedic implants with fusidic acid or ofloxacin in combination with rifampicin. J Antimicrob Chemother 1997; 39: 235-240.
23. Boselli E, Allaouchiche B. Diffusion in bone tissue of antibiotics. Presse Med 1999; 28: 2265-2276.
24. Spellberg B, Lipsky BA. Systemic antibiotic therapy for chronic osteomyelitis in adults. Clin Infect Dis 2012; 54: 393-407.
25. Landersdorfer CB, Bulitta JB, Kinzig M, Holzgrabe U, Sorgel F. Penetration of antibacterials into bone: pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and bioanalytical considerations. Clin Pharmacokinet 2009; 48: 89-124.
26. San Juan R, Garcia-Reyne A, Caba P et al. Safety and efficacy of moxifloxacin monotherapy for treatment of orthopedic implant-related staphylococcal infections. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2010; 54: 5161-5166.
27. Bergan T, Solhaug JH, Soreide O, Leinebo O. Comparative pharmacokinetics of metronidazole and tinidazole and their tissue penetration. Scand J Gastroenterol 1985; 20: 945-950.
28. Gomez J, Canovas E, Banos V et al. Linezolid plus rifampin as a salvage therapy in prosthetic joint infections treated without removing the implant. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2011; 55: 4308-4310.
29. Giulieri SG, Graber P, Ochsner PE, Zimmerli W. Management of infection associated with total hip arthroplasty according to a treatment algorithm. Infection 2004; 32: 222-228.
30. Laffer RR, Graber P, Ochsner PE, Zimmerli W. Outcome of prosthetic knee-associated infection: evaluation of 40 consecutive episodes at a single centre. Clin Microbiol Infect 2006; 12: 433-439.
31. Vilchez F, Martinez-Pastor JC, Garcia-Ramiro S et al. Outcome and predictors of treatment failure in early post-surgical prosthetic joint infections due to Staphylococcus aureus treated with debridement. Clin Microbiol Infect 2011; 17: 439-444.
32. Soriano A, Gomez J, Gomez L et al. Efficacy and tolerability of prolonged linezolid therapy in the treatment of orthopedic implant infections. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2007; 26: 353-356.
33. Widmer AF, Gaechter A, Ochsner PE, Zimmerli W. Antimicrobial treatment of orthopedic implant-related infections with rifampin combinations. Clin Infect Dis 1992; 14: 1251-1253.
34. Senneville E, Joulie D, Legout L et al. Outcome and predictors of treatment failure in total hip/knee prosthetic joint infections due to Staphylococcus aureus. Clin Infect Dis 2011; 53: 334-340.
35. Tuohy M, Washington JA. Antimicrobial susceptibility of viridans group streptococci. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 1997; 29: 277-280.
36. Etienne J, Gruer LD, Fleurette J. Antibiotic susceptibility of streptococcal strains associated with infective endocarditis. Eur Heart J 1984; 5 (suppl C): 33-37.
37. Traub WH, Leonhard B. Antibiotic susceptibility of alpha- and nonhemolytic streptococci from patients and healthy adults to 24 antimicrobial drugs. Chemotherapy 1997; 43: 123-131.
38. Renneberg J, Niemann LL, Gutschik E. Antimicrobial susceptibility of 278 streptococcal blood isolates to seven antimicrobial agents. J Antimicrob Chemother 1997; 39: 135-140.
39. Betriu C, Casado MC, Gomez M, Sanchez A, Palau ML, Picazo JJ. Incidence of erythromycin resistance in Streptococcus pyogenes: a 10-year study. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 1999; 33: 255-260.
40. Tuohy MJ, Procop GW, Washington JA. Antimicrobial susceptibility of Abiotrophia adiacens and Abiotrophia defectiva. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2000; 38: 189-191.
41. Conley J, Olson ME, Cook LS, Ceri H, Phan V, Davies HD. Biofilm formation by group A streptococci: is there a relationship with treatment failure?J Clin Microbiol 2003; 41: 4043-4048.
42. Maduri-Traczewski M, Szymczak EG, Goldmann DA. In vitro activity of penicillin and rifampin against group B streptococci. Rev Infect Dis 1983; 5 (suppl 3): S586-S592.
43. Jeng A, Chen J, Katsivas T. Prosthetic valve endocarditis from Granulicatella adiacens (nutritionally variant streptococci). J Infect 2005; 51: e125-e129.
44. Rosenthal O, Woywodt A, Kirschner P, Haller H. Vertebral osteomyelitis and endocarditis of a pacemaker lead due to Granulicatella (Abiotrophia) adiacens. Infection 2002; 30: 317-319.
45. Sendi P, Christensson B, Uckay I et al. Group B Streptococcus in prosthetic hip and knee joint-associated infections. J Hosp Infect 2012; 79: 64-69.
46. Moellering RC Jr, Wennersten C. Therapeutic potential of rifampin in enterococcal infections. Rev Infect Dis 1983; 5 (suppl 3): S528-S532.
47. Oill PA, Kalmanson GM, Guze LB. Rifampin, ampicillin, streptomycin, and their combinations in the treatment of enterococcal pyelonephritis in rats. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1981; 20: 491-492.
48. Iannini PB, Ehret J, Eickhoff TC. Effects of ampicillin-amikacin and ampicillin-rifampin on enterococci. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1976; 9: 448-451.
49. Ryan JL, Pachner A, Andriole VT, Root RK. Enterococcal meningitis: combined vancomycin and rifampin therapy. Am J Med 1980; 68: 449-451.
50. Holmberg A, Morgelin M, Rasmussen M. Effectiveness of ciprofloxacin or linezolid in combination with rifampicin against Enterococcus faecalis in biofilms. J Antimicrob Chemother 2012; 67: 433-439.
51. Silvestri C, Cirioni O, Arzeni D et al. In vitro activity and in vivo efficacy of tigecycline alone and in combination with daptomycin and rifampin against Gram-positive cocci isolated from surgical wound infection. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2011; 31: 1759-1764.
52. Rasouli MR, Tripathi MS, Kenyon R, Wetters N, Della Valle CJ, Parvizi J. Low rate of infection control in enterococcal periprosthetic joint infections. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2012; Doi:10.1007/s11999-012-2374-8 [Epub ahead of print].
53. Olsson J, Davidsson S, Unemo M et al. Antibiotic susceptibility in prostate-derived Propionibacterium acnes isolates. APMIS 2012; 120: 778-785.
54. Zappe B, Graf S, Ochsner PE, Zimmerli W, Sendi P. Propionibacterium spp. in prosthetic joint infections: a diagnostic challenge. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2008; 128: 1039-1046.
55. Furustrand Tafin U, Corvec S, Betrisey B, Zimmerli W, Trampuz A. Role of rifampin against Propionibacterium acnes biofilm in vitro and in an experimental foreign-body infection model. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2012; 56: 1885-1891.
56. Ghosh M, Talwani R, Gilliam BL. Propionibacterium skull osteomyelitis treated with daptomycin. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2009; 111: 610-612.
57. Jakab E, Zbinden R, Gubler J, Ruef C, von Graevenitz A, Krause M. Severe infections caused by Propionibacterium acnes: an underestimated pathogen in late postoperative infections. Yale J Biol Med 1996; 69: 477-482.
58. Levy PY, Fenollar F, Stein A et al. Propionibacterium acnes postoperative shoulder arthritis: an emerging clinical entity. Clin Infect Dis 2008; 46: 1884-1886.
59. Lutz MF, Berthelot P, Fresard A et al. Arthroplastic and osteosynthetic infections due to Propionibacterium acnes: a retrospective study of 52 cases, 1995-2002. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2005; 24: 739-744.
60. Soderquist B, Holmberg A, Unemo M. Propionibacterium acnes as an etiological agent of arthroplastic and osteosynthetic infections-two cases with specific clinical presentation including formation of draining fistulae. Anaerobe 2012; 16: 304-306.
61. Zeller V, Ghorbani A, Strady C, Leonard P, Mamoudy P, Desplaces N. Propionibacterium acnes: an agent of prosthetic joint infection and colonization. J Infect 2007; 55: 119-124.
62. Aboltins CA, Dowsey MM, Buising KL et al. Gram-negative prosthetic joint infection treated with debridement, prosthesis retention and antibiotic regimens including a fluoroquinolone. Clin Microbiol Infect 2011; 17: 862-867.
63. Zmistowski B, Fedorka CJ, Sheehan E, Deirmengian G, Austin MS, Parvizi J. Prosthetic joint infection caused by gram-negative organisms. J Arthroplasty 2011; 26: 104-108.
64. Hsieh PH, Lee MS, Hsu KY, Chang YH, Shih HN, Ueng SW. Gram-negative prosthetic joint infections: risk factors and outcome of treatment. Clin Infect Dis 2009; 49: 1036-1043.
65. Martinez-Pastor JC, Munoz-Mahamud E, Vilchez F et al. Outcome of acute prosthetic joint infections due to gram-negative bacilli treated with open debridement and retention of the prosthesis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2009; 53: 4772-4777.
66. Savage PB. Multidrug-resistant bacteria: overcoming antibiotic permeability barriers of gram-negative bacteria. Ann Med 2001; 33: 167-171.
67. Vaara M. Agents that increase the permeability of the outer membrane. Microbiol Rev 1992; 56: 395-411.
68. Wehrli W. Rifampin: mechanisms of action and resistance. Rev Infect Dis 1983; 5 (suppl 3): S407-S411.
69. Drapeau CM, Grilli E, Petrosillo N. Rifampicin combined regimens for gram-negative infections: data from the literature. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2010; 35: 39-44.
70. Forrest GN, Tamura K. Rifampin combination therapy for nonmycobacterial infections. Clin Microbiol Rev 2010; 23: 14-34.
71. Dales L, Ferris W, Vandemheen K, Aaron SD. Combination antibiotic susceptibility of biofilm-grown Burkholderia cepacia and Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from patients with pulmonary exacerbations of cystic fibrosis. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2009; 28: 1275-1279.
72. Varaldo PE, Debbia E, Schito GC. In vitro activities of rifapentine and rifampin, alone and in combination with six other antibiotics, against methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant staphylococci of different species. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1985; 27: 615-618.
73. Obst G, Gagnon RF, Harris A, Prentis J, Richards GK. The activity of rifampin and analogs against Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilms in a CAPD environment model. Am J Nephrol 1989; 9: 414-420.
74. Fietta A, Morosini M, Cascina A. Effects of continuous or pulsed exposure to rifabutin and sparfloxacin on the intracellular growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Chemother 2001; 13: 167-175.
75. Tsuji BT, Yang JC, Forrest A, Kelchlin PA, Smith PF. In vitro pharmacodynamics of novel rifamycin ABI-0043 against Staphylococcus aureus. J Antimicrob Chemother 2008; 62: 156-160.
76. Trampuz A, Murphy CK, Rothstein DM, Widmer AF, Landmann R, Zimmerli W. Efficacy of a novel rifamycin derivative, ABI-0043, against Staphylococcus aureus in an experimental model of foreign-body infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2007; 51: 2540-2545.
77. Uckay I, Bernard L. Gram-negative versus gram-positive prosthetic joint infections. Clin Infect Dis 2010; 50: 795.
78. Widmer AF, Colombo VE, Gachter A, Thiel G, Zimmerli W. Salmonella infection in total hip replacement: tests to predict the outcome of antimicrobial therapy. Scand J Infect Dis 1990; 22: 611-618.
79. van Hal SJ, Lodise TP, Paterson DL. The clinical significance of vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration in Staphylococcus aureus infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Infect Dis 2012; 54: 755-771.
80. James RC, Pierce JG, Okano A, Xie J, Boger DL. Redesign of glycopeptide antibiotics: back to the future. ACS Chem Biol 2012; 7: 797-804.
81. Perry CM, Jarvis B. Linezolid: a review of its use in the management of serious gram-positive infections. Drugs 2001; 61: 525-551.
82. Lovering AM, Zhang J, Bannister GC et al. Penetration of linezolid into bone, fat, muscle and haematoma of patients undergoing routine hip replacement. J Antimicrob Chemother 2002; 50: 73-77.
83. Patel R, Piper KE, Rouse MS, Steckelberg JM. Linezolid therapy of Staphylococcus aureus experimental osteomyelitis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2000; 44: 3438-3440.
84. Hellmark B, Unemo M, Nilsdotter-Augustinsson A, Soderquist B. In vitro antimicrobial synergy testing of coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from prosthetic joint infections using Etest and with a focus on rifampicin and linezolid. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2010; 29: 591-595.
85. Baldoni D, Haschke M, Rajacic Z, Zimmerli W, Trampuz A. Linezolid alone or combined with rifampin against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in experimental foreign-body infection. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2009; 53: 1142-1148.
86. Senneville E, Legout L, Valette M et al. Effectiveness and tolerability of prolonged linezolid treatment for chronic osteomyelitis: a retrospective study. Clin Ther 2006; 28: 1155-1163.
87. Rao N, Hamilton CW. Efficacy and safety of linezolid for Gram-positive orthopedic infections: a prospective case series. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2007; 59: 173-179.
88. Legout L, Valette M, Dezeque H et al. Tolerability of prolonged linezolid therapy in bone and joint infection: protective effect of rifampicin on the occurrence of anaemia?J Antimicrob Chemother 2010; 65: 2224-2230.
89. Razonable RR, Osmon DR, Steckelberg JM. Linezolid therapy for orthopedic infections. Mayo Clin Proc 2004; 79: 1137-1144.
90. Hair PI, Keam SJ. Daptomycin: a review of its use in the management of complicated skin and soft-tissue infections and Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia. Drugs 2007; 67: 1483-1512.
91. LaPlante KL, Rybak MJ. Impact of high-inoculum Staphylococcus aureus on the activities of nafcillin, vancomycin, linezolid, and daptomycin, alone and in combination with gentamicin, in an in vitro pharmacodynamic model. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2004; 48: 4665-4672.
92. John AK, Baldoni D, Haschke M et al. Efficacy of daptomycin in implant-associated infection due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: importance of combination with rifampin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2009; 53: 2719-2724.
93. Mascio CT, Alder JD, Silverman JA. Bactericidal action of daptomycin against stationary-phase and nondividing Staphylococcus aureus cells. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2007; 51: 4255-4260.
94. Eisenstein BI, Oleson FB Jr, Baltz RH. Daptomycin: from the mountain to the clinic, with essential help from Francis Tally, MD. Clin Infect Dis 2010; 50 (suppl 1): S10-S15.
95. Figueroa DA, Mangini E, Amodio-Groton M et al. Safety of high-dose intravenous daptomycin treatment: three-year cumulative experience in a clinical program. Clin Infect Dis 2009; 49: 177-180.
96. Saleh-Mghir A, Muller-Serieys C, Dinh A, Massias L, Cremieux AC. Adjunctive rifampin is crucial to optimizing daptomycin efficacy against rabbit prosthetic joint infection due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2011; 55: 4589-4593.
97. Rao N, Regalla DM. Uncertain efficacy of daptomycin for prosthetic joint infections: a prospective case series. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2006; 451: 34-37.
98. Garrigos C, Murillo O, Euba G et al. Efficacy of usual and high doses of daptomycin in combination with rifampin versus alternative therapies in experimental foreign-body infection by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2010; 54: 5251-5256.
99. Lamp KC, Friedrich LV, Mendez-Vigo L, Russo R. Clinical experience with daptomycin for the treatment of patients with osteomyelitis. Am J Med 2007; 120: S13-S20.