Two strategies to reduce gaseous KCl and chlorine in deposits during biomass combustion - Injection of ammonium sulphate and co-combustion with peat

Fuel Processing Technology

Volumn 105, Issue , 2013, Pages 170-180

  Kassman, Håkan ^a,b   Pettersson, Jesper ^b   Steenari, Britt Marie ^b   Åmand, Lars Erik ^b  

^a RINGHALS AB   (Sweden)

^b CHALMERS UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Sweden)

Author keywords

Alkali chlorides; Chlorine in deposits; Combustion of biomass; Initial corrosion; Peat; Sulphation

Indexed keywords

ALKALI CHLORIDES; AMMONIUM SULPHATE; ASH ANALYSIS; ASH COMPONENTS; BIOMASS COMBUSTION; CHEMICAL COMPOSITIONS; CHLORINE CONTENT; CHLORINE IN DEPOSITS; CIRCULATING FLUIDISED BED; COCOMBUSTION; DEPOSIT FORMATION; ON-LINE MEASUREMENT; OPERATIONAL PROBLEMS; PROBE MEASUREMENTS; SULPHATION; SUPERHEATER CORROSION; WOOD PELLET;

BIOMASS; CHLORINE; CHLORINE COMPOUNDS; COMBUSTION; CORROSION; DEPOSITS; FLUIDIZED BEDS; FLY ASH; PEAT; PELLETIZING; POTASSIUM; SULFUR COMPOUNDS;

AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS;

EID: 84869096591     PISSN: 03783820     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.fuproc.2011.06.025     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (36)

1. H.P. Nielsen, F.J. Frandsen, K. Dam-Johansen, and L.L. Baxter The implications of chlorine-associated corrosion on the operation of biomass-fired boilers Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. 26 2000 283 298
2. M. Öhman, A. Nordin, B.J. Skrifvars, R. Backman, and M. Hupa Bed agglomeration characteristics during fluidized bed combustion of biomass fuels Energy Fuels 14 2000 169 178 (Pubitemid 32211529)
3. A.L. Elled, K.O. Davidsson, and L.-E. Åmand Sewage sludge as a deposit inhibitor when co-fired with high potassium fuels Biomass Bioenergy 34 2010 1546 1554
4. K. Lundholm, A. Nordin, M. Öhman, and D. Boström Reduced bed agglomeration by co-combustion biomass with peat fuels in a fluidized bed Energy Fuels 19 2005 2273 2278
5. M. Aho, and E. Ferrer Importance of coal ash composition in protecting the boiler against chlorine deposition during combustion of chlorine-rich biomass Fuel 84 2005 201 212
6. H. Kassman, M. Broström, M. Berg, and L.-E. Åmand Measures to reduce chlorine in deposits: application in a large-scale circulating fluidised bed boiler firing biomass Fuel 90 2011 1325 1334
7. A. Pettersson, A.L. Elled, A. Möller, B.-M. Steenari, and L.-E. Åmand The Impact of Zeolites During Co-combustion of Municipal Sewage Sludge with Alkali and Chlorine Rich Fuels Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion 2009 902 909
8. L. Pommer, M. Öhman, D. Boström, J. Burvall, R. Backman, I. Olofsson, and A. Nordin Mechanisms behind the positive effects on bed agglomeration and deposit formation combusting forest residue with peat additives in fluidized beds Energy Fuels 23 2009 4245 4253
9. R. Heikkinen, R.S. Laitinen, T. Patrikainen, M. Tiainen, and M. Virtanen Slagging tendency of peat ash Fuel Process. Technol. 56 1998 69 80
10. M. Öhman, and A. Nordin The role of kaolin in prevention of bed agglomeration during fluidized bed combustion of biomass fuels Energy Fuels 14 2000 618 624
11. B.-M. Steenari, and O. Lindqvist High-temperature reactions of straw ash and the anti-sintering additives kaolin and dolomite Biomass Bioenergy 14 1998 67 76 (Pubitemid 28214030)
12. K.Q. Tran, K. Iisa, B.-M. Steenari, and O. Lindqvist A kinetic study of gaseous alkali capture by kaolin in the fixed bed reactor equipped with an alkali detector Fuel 84 2005 169 175
13. P. Glarborg Hidden interactions - trace species governing combustion and emissions Proc. Combust. Inst. 31 2007 77 98 (Pubitemid 47424381)
14. 3 for sulphation of gaseous KCl - an experimental investigation in a biomass fired CFB boiler Combust. Flame 157 2010 1649 1657
15. H.J. Grabke, E. Reese, and M. Spiegel The effects of chlorides, hydrogen chloride, and sulfur dioxide in the oxidation of steels below deposits Corros. Sci. 37 1995 1023 1043
16. J. Pettersson, H. Asteman, J.-E. Svensson, and L.-G. Johansson KCl induced corrosion of a 304-type austenitic stainless steel at 600 C; the role of potassium Oxid. Met. 64 2005 23 41 (Pubitemid 41130183)
17. N. Folkeson, T. Jonsson, M. Halvarsson, L.-G. Johansson, J.-E. Svensson, The influence of small amounts of KCl(s) on the high temperature corrosion of a Fe-2.25Cr-1Mo steel at 400 and 500 C, Materials and Corrosion. In Press, doi: 10.1002/maco.201005942 (2010).
18. J. Pettersson, C. Pettersson, N. Folkeson, L.-G. Johansson, E. Skog, and J.-E. Svensson The influence of sulphur additions on the corrosive environment in a waste-fired CFB boiler Mater. Sci. Forum 522-523 2006 563 570
19. N. Folkeson, J. Pettersson, C. Pettersson, L.-G. Johansson, E. Skog, and J.-E. Svensson Fireside corrosion of stainless and low alloyed steels in a waste-fired CFB boiler; the effect of adding sulphur to the fuel Mater Sci. Forum 595-598 2008 289 297
20. P.J. Henderson, A. Karlsson, C. Davis, P. Rademakers, J. Cizner, B. Formanek, K. Göransson, and J. Oakey In-situ fireside corrosion testing of advanced boiler materials with diverse fuels, Schriften des Forschungszentrums Juelich Reihe Energietechnik/Energy Technol. 21 2002 785 799
21. B.-J. Skrifvars, R. Backman, M. Hupa, K. Salmenoja, and E. Vakkilainen Corrosion of superheater steel materials under alkali salt deposits part 1: the effect of salt deposit composition and temperature Corros. Sci. 50 2008 1274 1282
22. B.-J. Skrifvars, M. Westen-Karlsson, M. Hupa, and K. Salmenoja Corrosion of super-heater steel materials under alkali salt deposits. Part 2: SEM analyses of different steel materials Corros. Sci. 52 2010 1011 1019
23. H. Asteman, J.-E. Svensson, L.-G. Johansson, and M. Norell Indication of chromium oxide hydroxide evaporation during oxidation of 304 L at 873 K in the presence of 10% water vapor Oxid. Met. 52 1999 95 111
24. Y. Shinata Accelerated oxidation rate of chromium induced by sodium chloride Oxid. Met. 27 1987 315 332 (Pubitemid 17601174)
25. T. Jonsson, J. Froitzheim, J. Pettersson, J.-E. Svensson, L.-G. Johansson, and M. Halvarsson The influence of KCl on the corrosion of an austenitic stainless steel (304L) in oxidizing humid conditions at 600 C: a microstructural study Oxid. Met. 72 2009 213 239
26. C. Pettersson, J. Pettersson, H. Asteman, J.-E. Svensson, and L.-G. Johansson KCl-induced high temperature corrosion of the austenitic Fe-Cr-Ni alloys 304L and Sanicro 28 at 600 C Corros. Sci. 48 2006 1368 1378 (Pubitemid 44294613)
27. 4 High Temperature Corrosion and Protection of Materials 7, Pts 1 and 2 595-598 2008 367 375
28. H. Kassman, C. Andersson, J. Högberg, L.-E. Åmand, and K. Davidsson Gas phase alkali chlorides and deposits during co-combustion of coal and biomass 19th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion, Vienna, Austria 2006
29. H. Kassman, M. Holmgren, E. Edvardsson, L.-E. Åmand, and J. Öhlin Nitrogen containing additives for simultaneous reduction of KCl and NOx during biomass combustion in a CFB boiler 9th International Conference on Circulating Fluidized Beds, Hamburg, Germany 2008
30. K.O. Davidsson, L.-E. Åmand, B.-M. Steenari, A.L. Elled, D. Eskilsson, and B. Leckner Countermeasures against alkali-related problems during combustion of biomass in a circulating fluidized bed boiler Chem. Eng. Sci. 63 2008 5314 5329
31. European Patent EP 1221036 (2006).
32. European Patent EP 1354167 (2006).
33. K. Salmenoja, Field and Laboratory Studies on Chlorine-induced Superheater Corrosion in Boilers Fired with Biofuels, in: Department of Chemical Engineering, Ph.D. Thesis, Åbo Akademi University, 2000.
34. P. Yrjas, B.-J. Skrifvars, M. Hupa, J. Roppo, M. Nylund, and P. Vainikka Chlorine in deposits during co-firing of biomass, peat, and coal in a full-scale CFBC boiler Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion, Toronto, Canada 2005 679 687 (Pubitemid 41611069)
35. C. Forsberg, M. Broström, R. Backman, E. Edvardsson, S. Badiei, M. Berg, and H. Kassman Principle, calibration, and application of the in situ alkali chloride monitor Rev. Sci. Instrum. 80 2009
36. L.L. Baxter, T.R. Miles, B.M. Jenkins, T. Milne, D. Dayton, R.W. Bryers, and L.L. Oden The behavior of inorganic material in biomass-fired power boilers: field and laboratory experiences Fuel Process. Technol. 54 1998 47 78