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1
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84869077139
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On My Mind; The Possible Dream," New York Times, June 13, 1995. Echoes of the Rosenthal column can be discerned in a recent opinion piece by the New York Times columnist Nicholas Kristof, who wrote: "People usually torture those whom they fear or despise. But one of the most common forms of torture in the modern world, incomparably more widespread than waterboarding or electric shocks, is inflicted by mothers on daughters they love";, "A Rite of Torture for Girls New York Times, May 11
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A.M. Rosenthal, "On My Mind; The Possible Dream, " New York Times, June 13, 1995. Echoes of the Rosenthal column can be discerned in a recent opinion piece by the New York Times columnist Nicholas Kristof, who wrote: "People usually torture those whom they fear or despise. But one of the most common forms of torture in the modern world, incomparably more widespread than waterboarding or electric shocks, is inflicted by mothers on daughters they love"; N. Kristof, "A Rite of Torture for Girls, " New York Times, May 11, 2011.
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(2011)
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Rosenthal, A.M.1
Kristof, N.2
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2
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84869029837
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African Women Gather to Denounce Genital Cutting
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New York Times, February 6
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M. Lacey, "African Women Gather to Denounce Genital Cutting, " New York Times, February 6, 2003.
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(2003)
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Lacey, M.1
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3
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84869077132
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A Rite of Torture for Girls
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Kristof
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Kristof, "A Rite of Torture for Girls."
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5
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67650243118
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quot;," working paper (Calverton, Md.: Macro International, Inc.
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S.P. Yoder and S. Khan, "Numbers of Women Circumcised in Africa: The Production of a Total, " working paper (Calverton, Md.: Macro International, Inc., 2007).
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(2007)
Numbers of Women Circumcised in Africa: The Production of a Total
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Yoder, S.P.1
Khan, S.2
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6
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84869029841
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The 30 percent figure is a World Health Organization estimate. See WHO and Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS)
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Geneva, Switzerland: WHO Press, Estimating prevalence rates for male and female genital surgeries is notoriously challenging. Even when exact numerical estimates are presented, one should beware of developing a false sense of precision.
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The 30 percent figure is a World Health Organization estimate. See WHO and Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS), Male Circumcision: Global Trends and Determinants of Prevalence, Safety, and Acceptability (Geneva, Switzerland: WHO Press, 2007). Estimating prevalence rates for male and female genital surgeries is notoriously challenging. Even when exact numerical estimates are presented, one should beware of developing a false sense of precision.
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(2007)
Male Circumcision: Global Trends and Determinants of Prevalence, Safety, and Acceptability
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7
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0040197260
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Overviews and detailed third-person and first-person accounts of the practice can be found
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in Africa: Culture, Controversy and Change, ed. B. Shell-Duncan and Y. Hernlund (Boulder, Colo.: Lynne Rienner
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Overviews and detailed third-person and first-person accounts of the practice can be found in F. Ahmadu, "Rites and Wrongs: An Insider/Outsider Reflects on Power and Excision, " in Female "Circumcision" in Africa: Culture, Controversy and Change, ed. B. Shell-Duncan and Y. Hernlund (Boulder, Colo.: Lynne Rienner, 2000), 283-312
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(2000)
Rites and Wrongs: An Insider/Outsider Reflects on Power and Excision," in Female "Circumcision"
, pp. 283-312
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Ahmadu, F.1
Kratz, C.2
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8
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85008324485
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The Female Circumcision Controversy: An Anthropological Perspective
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Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press
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E.Gruenbaum The Female Circumcision Controversy: An Anthropological Perspective (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2001)
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(2001)
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Gruenbaum, E.1
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9
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84869077134
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Affecting Performance: Meaning, Movement, and Experience in Okiek Women's Initiation (Tuscon, Ariz.: Wheatmark
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Affecting Performance: Meaning, Movement, and Experience in Okiek Women's Initiation (Tuscon, Ariz.: Wheatmark, 2004)
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(2004)
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10
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84869077133
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quot;, ed. Shell-Duncan and Hernlund
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B. Shell-Duncan and Y. Hernlund, "Female 'Circumcision' in Africa: Dimensions of the Problem and the Debates," in Female "Circumcision" in Africa
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11
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84869077140
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One useful source of information about the prevalence and varieties of female genital surgeries in Africa is Yoder and Khan, quot;Numbers of Women Circumcised in Africa." Our own estimates of a 90 percent prevalence rate for type I and type II surgeries and a 10 percent prevalence rate for type III surgeries are derived from the information and analyses in that quantitative report.
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One useful source of information about the prevalence and varieties of female genital surgeries in Africa is Yoder and Khan, "Numbers of Women Circumcised in Africa." Our own estimates of a 90 percent prevalence rate for type I and type II surgeries and a 10 percent prevalence rate for type III surgeries are derived from the information and analyses in that quantitative report.
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12
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70949101005
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Disputing the Myth of Sexual Dysfunction of Circumcised Women: Interview with Richard Shweder
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F. Ahmadu, "Disputing the Myth of Sexual Dysfunction of Circumcised Women: Interview with Richard Shweder," Anthropology Today 45, no. 6 (2009): 14-17
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, pp. 14-17
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13
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Pleasure and Orgasm in Women with Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C)
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L. Catania, "Pleasure and Orgasm in Women with Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C), " Journal of Sexual Medicine 4 (2007): 1666-78
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, vol.4
, pp. 1666-1678
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Catania, L.1
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14
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Female Genital Cutting and Sexual Function: In Search of an Alternate Theoretical Model, " African Identities 8, no. 3
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T. Esho et al., "Female Genital Cutting and Sexual Function: In Search of an Alternate Theoretical Model, " African Identities 8, no. 3 (2010): 221-35
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(2010)
, pp. 221-235
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15
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The Female Circumcision Controversy;H. Lightfoot-Klein, "The Sexual Experience and Marital Adjustment of Genitally Circumcised and Infibulated Females in the Sudan
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Gruenbaum, The Female Circumcision Controversy;H. Lightfoot-Klein, "The Sexual Experience and Marital Adjustment of Genitally Circumcised and Infibulated Females in the Sudan, " Journal of Sex Research 26, no. 3 (1989): 375-92
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, pp. 375-392
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Gruenbaum1
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Female Genital Surgeries: The Known, the Unknown, and the Unknowable, " Medical Anthropology Quarterly
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C. Obermeyer, "Female Genital Surgeries: The Known, the Unknown, and the Unknowable, " Medical Anthropology Quarterly 13 (1999): 79-106
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, vol.13
, pp. 79-106
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Obermeyer, C.1
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Determinants of Coital Frequency among Married Women in Central African Republic: The Role of Female Genital Cutting
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H. Stewart, L. Morison, and R. White, "Determinants of Coital Frequency among Married Women in Central African Republic: The Role of Female Genital Cutting, " Journal Biosocial Science 34 (2002): 525-39
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Morison, L.2
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Cosmetic Clitoridectomy in a 33-Year-Old Woman, " Archives of Sexual Behavior published online August 12, 2011, DOI: 10.1007/s10508-011-9831-4.
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D. Veale and J. Daniels, "Cosmetic Clitoridectomy in a 33-Year-Old Woman, " Archives of Sexual Behavior, published online August 12, 2011, DOI: 10.1007/s10508-011-9831-4.
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Veale, D.1
Daniels, J.2
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19
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0036351742
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Is There an Association between Female Circumcision and Perinatal Death?
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B. Essen et al., "Is There an Association between Female Circumcision and Perinatal Death?" Bulletin of the World Health Organization 80 (2002): 629-32
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, vol.80
, pp. 629-632
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Essen, B.1
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20
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23044441144
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No Association between Female Circumcision and Prolonged Labor: A Case Control Study of Immigrant Women Giving Birth in Sweden
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European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 121, no. 2
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B. Essen et al., "No Association between Female Circumcision and Prolonged Labor: A Case Control Study of Immigrant Women Giving Birth in Sweden, " European Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Reproductive Biology 121, no. 2 (2005): 182-85
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, pp. 182-185
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Does Female Circumcision Affect Infertility and Fertility?
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U. Larsen and S. Yan, "Does Female Circumcision Affect Infertility and Fertility? A Study of the Central African Republic, Cote d'Ivoire, and Tanzania, " Demography 37 (2000): 313-21
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, pp. 313-321
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Yan, S.2
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The Long-Term Reproductive Health Consequences of Female Genital Cutting in Rural Gambia: A Community-Based Survey
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L. Morison et al., "The Long-Term Reproductive Health Consequences of Female Genital Cutting in Rural Gambia: A Community-Based Survey, " Tropical Medicine and International Health 6, no. 8 (2001): 643-53
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, pp. 643-653
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The Long-Term Reproductive Health Consequences of Female Genital Cutting in Rural Gambia
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Morison et al.
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Morison et al., "The Long-Term Reproductive Health Consequences of Female Genital Cutting in Rural Gambia."
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24
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They Get a C-Section.. They Gonna Die': Somali Women's Fears of Obstetrical Interventions in the United States
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See E. Brown et al., "'They Get a C-Section.. They Gonna Die': Somali Women's Fears of Obstetrical Interventions in the United States, " Journal of Transcultural Nursing 21 (2010): 220-27
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, vol.21
, pp. 220-227
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Are Some Perinatal Deaths in Immigrant Groups Linked to Suboptimal Perinatal Care Services?
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, vol.109
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Somali Women and Their Pregnancy Outcomes Postmigration: Data from Six Receiving Countries
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R. Small et al., "Somali Women and Their Pregnancy Outcomes Postmigration: Data from Six Receiving Countries, " BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 115 (2008): 1630-40
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, vol.115
, pp. 1630-1640
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Perspectives of Somali Bantu Refugee Women Living with Circumcision in the United States: A Focus Group Approach
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M.J. Upvall et al., "Perspectives of Somali Bantu Refugee Women Living with Circumcision in the United States: A Focus Group Approach, " International Journal of Nursing Studies 46 (2009): 360-68.
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, pp. 360-368
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Judging the Other: Responding to Traditional Female Genital Surgeries
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S.D. Lane and R.A. Rubinstein, "Judging the Other: Responding to Traditional Female Genital Surgeries, " Hastings Center Report 26, no. 3 (1996): 31-41
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(1996)
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, pp. 31-41
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Rubinstein, R.A.2
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84869038347
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Unpacking Female Body 'Mutilation' in Senegal and the U.S., " Global Gender Current, December 13
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C. Smith, "Unpacking Female Body 'Mutilation' in Senegal and the U.S., " Global Gender Current, December 13, 2011, http://globalgendercurrent.com/2011/12/unpacking-female-body-%E2%80%9Cmutilation%E2%80%9D-in-senegal-and-the-u-s/
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R. Conroy, "Female Genital Mutilation: Whose Problem, Whose Solution? Tackle 'Cosmetic' Genital Surgery in Rich Countries before Criticizing Traditional Practices Elsewhere, " British Medical Journal 333, no. 7559 (2006): 106
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, pp. 106
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A. Kennedy, "Mutilation and Beautification, " Australian Feminist Studies 24, no. 60 (2009): 211-31, on contrasting discourses of mutilation and beautification.
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, pp. 211-231
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Kennedy, A.1
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32
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84869038351
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The Most Private of Makeovers, " New York Times, November 20, 2004; for a recent online pop culture and celebrity magazine discussion of the topic of cosmetic genital surgery as a rapid growth industry in the United States, see "Rapid Growth of Female Genital Cosmetic Surgery, " Zimbio, August 30, 2012 Conroy, "Female Genital Mutilation"
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M. Navarro, "The Most Private of Makeovers, " New York Times, November 20, 2004; for a recent online pop culture and celebrity magazine discussion of the topic of cosmetic genital surgery as a rapid growth industry in the United States, see "Rapid Growth of Female Genital Cosmetic Surgery, " Zimbio, August 30, 2012, http://www.zimbio.com/Plastic+Surgery/articles/QiJ5-n1gcBq/Rapid+Growth+Female+Genital+Cosmetic+Surgery; Conroy, "Female Genital Mutilation"
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84869038352
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Female Genital Cosmetic Surgery: A Labial Obsession, " The Conversation, August 28.
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C. Nurka, "Female Genital Cosmetic Surgery: A Labial Obsession, " The Conversation, August 28, 2012, http://theconversation.edu.au/female-genital-cosmetic-surgery-a-labial-obsession-9119.
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WHO Study Group on Female Genital Mutilation and Obstetric Outcome,
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WHO Study Group on Female Genital Mutilation and Obstetric Outcome, "Female Genital Mutilation and Obstetric Outcome: WHO Collaborative Prospective Study in Six African Countries, " Lancet 367 (2006): 1835-41.
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, vol.367
, pp. 1835-1841
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35
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Genital Cutting Raises by 50% Likelihood That Mothers or Their Newborns Will Die, Study Finds
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New York Times, June 2
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E. Rosenthal, "Genital Cutting Raises by 50% Likelihood That Mothers or Their Newborns Will Die, Study Finds, " New York Times, June 2, 2006.
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(2006)
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Rosenthal, E.1
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Female Genital Mutilation
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Conroy
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Conroy, "Female Genital Mutilation."
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37
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84869077136
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The Long-Term Reproductive Health Consequences of Female Genital Cutting in Rural Gambia
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Morison et al.
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Morison et al., "The Long-Term Reproductive Health Consequences of Female Genital Cutting in Rural Gambia."
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38
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84869038355
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Pleasure and Orgasm in Women with Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C)
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Catania
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Catania, "Pleasure and Orgasm in Women with Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C)."
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