Status of R&D on mitigating the effects of pressure waves for the Spallation Neutron Source mercury target

Journal of Nuclear Materials

Volumn 431, Issue 1-3, 2012, Pages 160-171

  Riemer, Bernard W ^a   Wendel, Mark W ^a   Felde, David K ^a   Abdou, Ashraf A ^a   McClintock, David A ^a  

^a OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CAVITATION BUBBLE; CAVITATION DAMAGE; DAMAGE LOCATION; DAMAGE RESISTANCE; DAMAGING EFFECTS; ENTRANCE WINDOW; FULL SCALE; GAS BUBBLE; GAS INJECTION; INNER WALLS; MERCURY FLOW; MERCURY SPALLATION; MERCURY TARGET; MERCURY TESTS; NEUTRON INTENSITIES; OAK RIDGE NATIONAL LABORATORY; POST IRRADIATION EXAMINATIONS; POWER CAPACITY; PRESSURE WAVES; PROTECTIVE GAS; SHORT BEAMS; SPALLATION NEUTRON SOURCES; TARGET VESSELS; THROUGH WALLS; VESSEL WALLS;

BUBBLES (IN FLUIDS); CAVITATION; MECHANICAL PROPERTIES; RADIATION DAMAGE; SUPERCONDUCTING MATERIALS; TARGETS;

MERCURY (METAL);

EID: 84868696979     PISSN: 00223115     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jnucmat.2011.11.018     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. C.D. West, radiation induced cavitation: a possible phenomenon in liquid targets? in: Proceedings of 2nd International Topical Meeting on Nuclear Applications of Accelerator Technology (AccApp'98), Gatlinburg, Tennessee, September 1998, p. 645.
2. R.P. Taleyarkhan, F. Moraga, C.D. West, experimental determination of cavitation thresholds in liquid water and mercury, in: Proceedings of 2nd International Topical Meeting on Nuclear Applications of Accelerator Technology (AccApp'98), Gatlinburg, Tennessee, September 1998, p. 650.
3. F. Moraga, R.P. Taleyarkhan, Static & transient cavitation threshold measurements for mercury, in: Proceedings of 3rd International Topical Meeting on Nuclear Applications of Accelerator Technology (AccApp'99), Long Beach, California, November 1999, p. 301.
4. M.D. Kass, J.H. Whealton, N.E. Clapp Jr., DiStefano, J.H. DeVan, J.R. Haines, M.A. Akerman, T.A. Gabriel, Nonlinear cavitation erosion of stainless steel in mercury versus applied power, Tribol. Lett. 5 (1998) 231-234.
5. K. Kikuchi, H. Kogawa, M. Futakawa, S. Ishikura, M. Kaminaga, and R. Hino J. Nucl. Mater. 318 2003 84 91
6. M. Futakawa, H. Kogawa, R. Hino, H. Date, and H. Takeishi Int. J. Impact Eng. 28 2003 123 135
7. J. Lettry, G. Arnau, M. Benedikt, S. Gilardoni, R. Catherall, U. Georg, G. Cyvogt, A. Fabich, O. Jonsson, H. Ravn, S. Sgobba, G. Bauer, H. Brucherstseifer, T. Grabe, C. Güdermann, L. Ni, and R. Rastani Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. B 204 2003 251 256
8. J.R. Haines, B.W. Riemer, D.K. Felde, J.D. Hunn, and S.J. Pawel J. Nucl. Mater. 343 2005 58 69
9. H. Soltner, Gas Bubble Admixture for Pressure Pulse Mitigation in High-Power Liquid Mercury Spallation Targets, European Spallation Source report ESS 03-152-T, ISSN 1433-559X, September 2003.
10. H. Soltner, Effects of Gas Bubble Admixture on Pressure Pulse Propagation in Liquids, European Spallation Source report ESS 03-153-T, ISSN 1433-559X, September 2003.
11. D.A. McClintock, P.D. Ferguson, and L.K. Mansur J. Nucl. Mater. 398 2010 73 80
12. D.A. McClintock, B.W. Riemer, P.D. Ferguson, A.J. Carroll, M.L. Dayton, Initial Observations of Cavitation-Induced Erosion of Liquid Metal Spallation Target Vessels at the Spallation Neutron Source, these Proceedings.
13. T.W. Burgess, M. Butzek, D.K. Felde, V.B. Graves, G.Q. Rennich, S.L. Schrock, P.T. Spampinato, Summary Report Of Target Test Facility R&D (WBS 1.1.10), SNS report number SNS-101100000-TR0003-R00, October 2001.
14. B.W. Riemer, J.R. Haines, J.D. Hunn, D.C. Lousteau, T.J. McManamy, and C.C. Tsai J. Nucl. Mater. 318 2003 92 101
15. J.D. Hunn, B.W. Riemer, and C.C. Tsai J. Nucl. Mater. 318 2003 102 108
16. B. Riemer, J. Haines, M. Wendel, G. Bauer, M. Futakawa, S. Hasegawa, and H. Kogawa J. Nucl. Mater. 377 2008 162 173
17. B.W. Riemer, M.W. Wendel, and D.K. Felde J. Nucl. Mater. 398 2010 207 219
18. B.W. Riemer, D.K.Felde, M.W. Wendel, F.G. Mariam, F.E. Merrill, Proton radiography experiment to visualize gas bubbles in mercury, in: Proceedings of 18th Meeting of the International Collaboration on Advanced Neutron Sources (ICANS-XVIII), Dongguan, Guangdong, PR China, April 2007. < http://www.ihep.ac.cn/english/conference/icans/proceedings/Welcome.pdf >.
19. B.W. Riemer, P.R. Bingham, F.G. Mariam, F.E. Merrill, Measurement of gas bubbles in mercury using proton radiography, in: Proceedings of 8th International Topical Meeting on Nuclear Applications and Utilization of Accelerators (AccApp'07), Pocatello, Idaho, July 29-August 2, 2007, pp. 531-537.
20. B.W. Riemer, A. Abdou, D.K. Felde, R.L. Sangrey, M.W. Wendel, Results from cavitation damage experiments with mercury spallation targets at the LANSCE - WNR In 2008, in: Proceedings of 19th meeting on International Collaboration of Advanced Neutron Sources (ICANS XIX), Grindelwald, Switzerland, PSI-Proceedings 10-01/ISSN-Nr. 1019-6447, March 2010.
21. S.J. Pawel, and E.T. Manneschmidt J. Nucl. Mater. 318 2003 122 131
22. S.J. Pawel J. Nucl. Mater. 343 2005 101 115
23. S.J. Pawel, Assessment of Cavitation-Erosion Resistance of Potential Pump Impeller Materials for Mercury Service at the Spallation Neutron Source, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Technical Memorandum ORNL/TM-2007/033, March 2007.
24. S.J. Pawel, Comparison of Cavitation-Erosion Resistance of Carburized and Carburized-Plus-Nitrided 316LN Stainless Steel In Mercury, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Technical Memorandum ORNL/TM-2007/058, May 2007.
25. S.J. Pawel, Assessment of End-of-Life Behavior of the Surface Modification to Improve Cavitation-Erosion Resistance in the Mercury Target at the Spallation Neutron Source, Oak Ridge National Laboratory Technical Memorandum ORNL/TM-2007/063, June 2007.
26. S.J. Pawel, and L.K. Mansur J. Nucl. Mater. 377 2008 174 181
27. K. Farrell, E.D. Specht, J. Pang, L.R. Walker, A. Rar, and J.R. Mayotte J. Nucl. Mater. 343 2005 123 133
28. K. Farrell, and T.S. Byun J. Nucl. Mater. 356 2006 178 188
29. S.J. Pawel, and L.K. Mansur J. Nucl. Mater. 398 2010 180 188
30. M.W. Wendel, D.K. Felde, T.P. Karnowski, B.W. Riemer, Experiments and Simulations with Large Gas Bubbles in Mercury towards Establishing a Gas Layer to Mitigate Cavitation Damage, 2006 ASME Joint US European Fluids Engineering Summer Meeting, Miami, Florida, July 17-20, 2006.
31. A.A. Ibrahim, D. Felde, B. Riemer, M. Wendel, CFD validation of gas injection into stagnant water, in: 5th Joint ASME /JSME Fluids Engineering Conference, San Diego, CA, USA, 2007.
32. M. Wendel, A.A. Ibrahim, D. Felde, B. Riemer, Gas injection into stagnant and flowing mercury, in: 5th Joint ASME /JSME Fluids Engineering Conference, San Diego, CA, USA, 2007.
33. M. Wendel, D. Felde, B. Riemer, D. West, B. D'Urso, A. Ibrahim, Progress in Creating Stabilized Gas Layers in Flowing Liquid Mercury, ASME Fluids Engineering Division Summer Conference, Jacksonville, Florida, August 10-14, 2008.
34. A.A Ibrahim, M. Wendel, D. Felde, B. Riemer, Numerical simulations of bubble formation in co-flowing mercury, ASME fluids engineering division summer conference, in: 8th Int. Symposium on Numerical Methods for Multiphase Flows, Jacksonville, FL, 2008.
35. A.A. Abdou, M. Wendel, D. Felde, B. Riemer, CFD validation of gas injection in flowing mercury over vertical smooth and grooved wall 2009, ASME Fluids Engineering Division Summer Conference, Vail, Colorado, USA.
36. M. Wendel, D. Felde, A.A. Abdou, B. Riemer, Update on progress in creating stabilized gas layers in flowing liquid mercury, ASME Fluids Engineering Division Summer Conference, Vail, Colorado, USA, 2009.
37. A.A. Abdou, M.W. Wendel, D.K. Felde, B.W. Riemer, K. Haga, H. Kogawa, T. Naoe, H. Kinoshita, M. Ida, M. Futakawa, CFD modeling of gas bubbles in experimental liquid mercury spallation targets, in: 7th International Conference on Multiphase Flow, Poster, ICMF 2010, Tampa, FL, May 30-June 4, 2010.
38. M.W. Wendel, A.A. Abdou, V. Paquit, B. Riemer, Creating small gas bubbles in flowing mercury using turbulence at an orifice, in: Proceedings of FEDSM2010: ASME Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting, Montreal, Canada, August 1-4, 2010.
39. D.K. Felde, B.W. Riemer, and M.W. Wendel J. Nucl. Mater. 377 2008 155 161
40. N.J. Manzi, P.V. Chitnis, R.G. Holt, R.A. Roy, R.O. Cleveland, B.W. Riemer, and M.W. Wendel J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 127 4 2010 2231 2239
41. F.W. Francis, The Solubility and Diffusivity of Helium in Mercury with Respect to Applications at the Spallation Neutron Source (Ph. D. Thesis), University of Tennessee, Knoxville, 2008.
42. P.V. Chitnis, N.J. Manzi, R.O. Cleveland, R.A. Roy, R.G. Holt, Mitigation of damage to solid surfaces from the collapse of cavitation bubble clouds, J. Fluids Eng. 132 (5) (2010), pp. 051303-1-051303-6, doi:10.1115/1.4001552.
43. K. Baik, J. Jiang, and T.G. Leighton J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 128 5 2010 2610 2624
44. C.E. Ormonde, A Flow-Through Acoustic Waveguide for Two-Phase Bubbly Flow Void Fraction Measurement (Masters thesis) - Boston University College of Engineering, Boston, MA, 2009.
45. M. Futakawa, T. Naoe, C.C. Tsai, H. Kogawa, S. Ishikura, Y. Ikeda, H. Soyama, and H. Date J. Nucl. Mater. 343 2005 70 80
46. M. Futakawa J. Nucl. Mater. 377 2008 182 188
47. K. Haga, T. Naoe, H. Kogawa, H. Kinoshita, M. Ida, M. Futakawa, B.W. Riemer, M.W. Wendel, D.K. Felde, and A.A. Abdou J. Nucl. Sci. Technol. 47 10 2010 849 852
48. Hydro Dynamics, Inc., Rome, Georgia, USA < http://www.hydrodynamics. com >.
49. K. Okita, A. Fujiwara, S. Takagi, Y. Matsumoto, M. Futakawa, Numerical study on a mitigation strategy using microbubbles for cavitation erosion caused by a thermal shock in liquid mercury, in: Proceedings of the Sixth Int. Symposium on Cavitation, CAV2006, Wageningen, The Netherlands 2006, p. 1-10.
50. M. Futakawa, H. Kogawa, S. Hasegawa, M. Ida, K. Haga, T. Wakui, T. Naoe, N. Tanaka, Y. Matsumoto, Y. Ikeda, R&D on pressure-wave mitigation technology in mercury targets, in: Proceedings 18th Meeting of the International Collaboration on Advanced Neutron Sources (ICANS-XVIII), Dongguan, Guangdong, PR China, April 2007, 557. < http://www.ihep.ac.cn/english/conference/icans/ proceedings/Welcome.pdf >.
51. M. Ida Phys. Rev. E 76 2007 046309
52. Komax Systems Inc., Huntington Beach, California, USA < http://www.komax.com >.
53. Dynaflow, Inc., Jessup, Maryland, USA < http://www.dynaflow-inc.com >.
54. T.J. Shea et al., Installation and initial operation of an on-line target imaging system for SNS, in: Proceedings of 19th meeting on International Collaboration of Advanced Neutron Sources (ICANS XIX), Grindelwald, Switzerland, PSI-Proceedings 10-01 / ISSN-Nr. 1019-6447, March 2010.