Micropropulsion and microrheology in complex fluids via symmetry breaking

Physics of Fluids

Volumn 24, Issue 10, 2012, Pages

  Pak, On Shun ^a   Zhu, LaiLai ^b   Brandt, Luca ^b   Lauga, Eric ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^b ROYAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (Sweden)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

NON NEWTONIAN FLOW; PROPELLERS; PROPULSION; RHEOMETERS;

BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS; GEOMETRICAL SYMMETRIES; NON-NEWTONIAN RHEOLOGY; POLYMERIC MICROSTRUCTURES; PROPULSION CHARACTERISTICS; RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTY; SECOND-ORDER FLUIDS; SYMMETRY-BREAKING;

LIQUIDS;

EID: 84868629219     PISSN: 10706631     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1063/1.4758811     Document Type: Article

References (78)

1. Purcell E.M. Life at low Reynolds number. Am. J. Phys. 1977, 45:3-11. 10.1119/1.10903
2. Brennen C. Winet H. Fluid mechanics of propulsion by cilia and flagella. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 1977, 9:339-398. 10.1146/annurev.fl.09.010177.002011, and
3. Fauci L.J. Dillon R. Biofluidmechanics of reproduction. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 2006, 38:371-394. 10.1146/annurev.fluid.37.061903.175725, and
4. Lauga E. Powers T. The hydrodynamics of swimming microorganisms. Rep. Prog. Phys. 2009, 72:096601. 10.1088/0034-4885/72/9/096601, and
5. Dreyfus R. Baudry J. Roper M.L. Fermigier M. Stone H.A. Bibette J. Microscopic artificial swimmsers. Nature (London) 2005, 437:862-865. 10.1038/nature04090, and
6. Wang J. Can man-made nanomachines compete with nature biomotors?. ACS Nano 2009, 3:4-9. 10.1021/nn800829k
7. Ebbens S.J. Howse J.R. In pursuit of propulsion at the nanoscale. Soft Matter 2010, 6:726-738. 10.1039/b918598d, and
8. Lauga E. Life around the scallop theorem. Soft Matter 2011, 7:3060-3065. 10.1039/c0sm00953a
9. Bird R.B. Armstrong R.C. Hassager O. Dynamics of Polymeric Liquids 1987, and 2nd ed. (Wiley-Interscience, New York), Vol. 1.
10. Larson R.G. The Structure and Rheology of Complex Fluids 1999, (Oxford University Press, New York, NY).
11. Morrison F.A. Understanding Rheology 2001, (Oxford University Press, New York, NY).
12. Katz D.F. Mills R.N. Pritchett T.R. The movement of human spermatozoa in cervical mucus. J. Reprod. Fertil. 1978, 53:259-265. 10.1530/jrf.0.0530259, and
13. Katz D.F. Berger A.A. Flagellar propulsion of human-sperm in cervical-mucus. Biorheology 1980, 17:169-175. and
14. Katz D.F. Bloom T.D. Bondurant R.H. Movement of bull spermatozoa in cervical mucus. Biol. Reprod. 1981, 25:931-937. 10.1095/biolreprod25.5.931, and
15. Suarez S.S. Dai X. Hyperactivation enhances mouse sperm capacity for penetrating viscoelastic media. Biol. Reprod. 1992, 46:686-691. 10.1095/biolreprod46.4.686, and
16. Suarez S.S. Pacey A.A. Sperm transport in the female reproductive tract. Hum. Reprod. Update 2006, 12:23-37. 10.1093/humupd/dmi047, and
17. Sleigh M.A. Blake J.R. Liron N. The propulsion of mucus by cilia. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 1988, 137:726-741. and
18. Montecucco C. Rappuoli R. Living dangerously: How helicobacter pylori survives in the human stomach. Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 2001, 2:457-466. 10.1038/35073084, and
19. Wolgemuth C.W. Charon N.W. Goldstein S.F. Goldstein R.E. The flagellar cytoskeleton of the spirochetes. J. Mol. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2006, 11:221-227. 10.1159/000094056, and
20. O'Toole G. Kaplan H.B. Kolter R. Biofilm formation as microbial development. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 2000, 54:49-79. 10.1146/annurev.micro.54.1.49, and
21. Donlan R.M. Costerton J.W. Biofilms: Survival mechanisms of clinically relevant microorganisms. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 2002, 15:167-193. 10.1128/CMR.15.2.167-193.2002, and
22. Costerton J.W. Cheng K.J. Geesey G.G. Ladd T.I. Nickel J.C. Dasgupta M. Marrie T.J. Bacterial biofilms in nature and disease. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 1987, 41:435-464. 10.1146/annurev.mi.41.100187.002251, and
23. Costerton J.W. Lewandowski Z. Caldwell D.E. Korber D.R. Lappin-Scott H.M. Microbial biofilms. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 1995, 49:711-745. 10.1146/annurev.mi.49.100195.003431, and
24. Wilking J.N. Angelini T.E. Seminara A. Brenner M.P. Weitz D.A. Biofilms as complex fluids. MRS Bull. 2011, 36:385-391. 10.1557/mrs.2011.71, and
25. Bird R.B. Curtiss C.F. Armstrong R.C. Hassager O. Dynamics of Polymeric Liquids 1987, and 2nd ed. (Wiley-Interscience, New York, NY), Vol. 2.
26. Ishijima S. Oshio S. Mohri H. Flagellar movement of human spermatozoa. Gamete Res. 1986, 13:185. 10.1002/mrd.1120130302, and
27. Fu H.C. Wolgemuth C.W. Powers T.R. Beating patterns of filaments in viscoelastic fluids. Phys. Rev. E 2008, 78:041913. 10.1103/PhysRevE.78.041913, and
28. Harman M.W. Dunham-Ems S.M. Caimano M.J. Belperron A.A. Bockenstedt L.K. Fu H.C. Radolf J.D. Wolgemuth C.W. The heterogeneous motility of the lyme disease spirochete in gelatin mimics dissemination through tissue. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2012, 109:3059-3064. 10.1073/pnas.1114362109, and
29. Lauga E. Propulsion in a viscoelastic fluid. Phys. Fluids 2007, 19:083104. 10.1063/1.2751388
30. Fu H.C. Powers T.R. Wolgemuth C.W. Theory of swimming filaments in viscoelastic media. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2007, 99:258101. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.258101, and
31. Fu H.C. Wolgemuth C.W. Powers T.R. Swimming speeds of filaments in nonlinearly viscoelastic fluids. Phys. Fluids 2009, 21:033102. 10.1063/1.3086320, and
32. Teran J. Fauci L. Shelley M. Viscoelastic fluid response can increase the speed and efficiency of a free swimmer. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2010, 104:038101. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.038101, and
33. Shen X.N. Arratia P.E. Undulatory swimming in viscoelastic fluids. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2011, 106:208101. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.208101, and
34. Liu B. Powers T.R. Breuer K.S. Force-free swimming of a model helical flagellum in viscoelastic fluids. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2011, 108:19516-19520. 10.1073/pnas.1113082108, and
35. Normand T. Lauga E. Flapping motion and force generation in a viscoelastic fluid. Phys. Rev. E 2008, 78:061907. 10.1103/PhysRevE.78.061907, and
36. Lauga E. Life at high Deborah number. Europhys. Lett. 2009, 86:64001. 10.1209/0295-5075/86/64001
37. Pak O.S. Normand T. Lauga E. Pumping by flapping in a viscoelastic fluid. Phys. Rev. E 2010, 81:036312. 10.1103/PhysRevE.81.036312, and
38. Elfring G.J. Pak O.S. Lauga E. Two-dimensional flagellar synchronization in viscoelastic fluids. J. Fluid Mech. 2010, 646:505-515. 10.1017/S0022112009994010, and
39. Wineman A. Pipkin A. Slow viscoelastic flow in tilted troughs. Acta Mech. 1966, 2:104-115. 10.1007/BF01176732, and
40. Tanner R.I. Some methods for estimating the normal stress functions in viscometric flows. Trans. Soc. Rheol. 1970, 14:483-507. 10.1122/1.549175
41. Couturier E. Boyer F. Pouliquen O. Guazzelli E. Suspensions in a tilted trough: Second normal stress difference. J. Fluid Mech. 2011, 686:26-39. 10.1017/jfm.2011.315, and
42. Brown E.E. Burghardt W.R. Kahvand H. Venerus D.C. Comparison of optical and mechanical measurements of second normal stress difference relaxation following step strain. Rheol. Acta 1995, 34:221-234. 10.1007/BF00396013, and
43. Baek S.G. Magda J.J. Monolithic rheometer plate fabricated using silicon micromachining technology and containing miniature pressure sensors for N1 and N2 measurements. J. Rheol. 2003, 47:1249-1260. 10.1122/1.1595095, and
44. Kulkarni A. Kharchenko S. Kannan R. Rheo-optical measurements of the first and third normal stresses of homopolymer poly(vinyl methyl ether) melt. Rheol. Acta 2006, 45:951-958. 10.1007/s00397-005-0072-0, and
45. Schweizer T. Measurement of the first and second normal stress differences in a polystyrene melt with a cone and partitioned plate tool. Rheol. Acta 2002, 41:337-344. 10.1007/s00397-002-0232-4
46. Khair A.S. Squires T.M. Active microrheology: A proposed technique to measure normal stress coefficients of complex fluids. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2010, 105:156001. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.156001, and
47. Squires T.M. Mason T.G. Fluid mechanics of microrheology. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 2010, 42:413-438. 10.1146/annurev-fluid-121108-145608, and
48. Waigh T.A. Microrheology of complex fluids. Rep. Prog. Phys. 2005, 68:685. 10.1088/0034-4885/68/3/R04
49. Weihs D. Mason T.G. Teitell M.A. Bio-microrheology: A frontier in microrheology. Biophys. J. 2006, 91:4296-4305. 10.1529/biophysj.106.081109, and
50. Wirtz D. Particle-tracking microrheology of living cells: Principles and applications. Annu. Rev. Biophys. 2009, 38:301-326. 10.1146/annurev.biophys.050708.133724
51. Squires T.M. Nonlinear microrheology: Bulk stresses versus direct interactions. Langmuir 2008, 24:1147-1159. 10.1021/la7023692
52. Lee E.F. Koch D.L. Joo Y.L. Cross-stream forces and velocities of fixed and freely suspended particles in viscoelastic poiseuille flow: Perturbation and numerical analyses. J. Non-Newtonian Fluid 2010, 165:1309-1327. 10.1016/j.jnnfm.2010.06.014, and
53. Guénette R. Fortin M. A new mixed finite element method for computing viscoelastic flows. J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech. 1995, 60:27-52. 10.1016/0377-0257(95)01372-3, and
54. Liu A.W. Bornside D.E. Armstrong R.C. Brown R.A. Viscoelastic flow of polymer solutions around a periodic, linear array of cylinders: Comparisons of predictions for microstructure and flow fields. J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech. 1998, 77:153-190. 10.1016/S0377-0257(97)00067-0, and
55. Sun J. Smith M.D. Armstrong R.C. Brown R.A. Finite element method for viscoelastic flows based on the discrete adaptive viscoelastic stress splitting and the discontinuous Galerkin method: DAVSS-G/DG. J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech. 1999, 86:281-307. 10.1016/S0377-0257(98)00176-1, and
56. Marchal J.M. Crochet M.J. A new mixed finite element for calculating viscoelastic flow. J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech. 1987, 26:77-114. 10.1016/0377-0257(87)85048-6, and
57. Zhu L. Lauga E. Brandt L. Self-propulsion in viscoelastic fluids: Pushers vs. pullers. Phys. Fluids 2012, 24:051902. 10.1063/1.4718446, and
58. Baaijens F.P. T. Mixed finite element methods for viscoelastic flow analysis: A review. J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech. 1998, 79:361-385. 10.1016/S0377-0257(98)00122-0
59. Walters K. Webster M.F. The distinctive CFD challenges of computational rheology. Int. J. Numer. Methods Fluids 2003, 43:577-596. 10.1002/fld.522, and
60. Lunsmann W. Genieser L. Armstrong R. Brown R. Finite element analysis of steady viscoelastic flow around a sphere in a tube: Calculations with constant viscosity models. J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech. 1993, 48:63-99. 10.1016/0377-0257(93)80065-J, and
61. Takagi H. Slow rotation of two touching spheres in viscous fluid. J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. 1974, 36:875-877. 10.1143/JPSJ.36.875
62. Ho B.P. Leal L.G. Migration of rigid spheres in a two-dimensional unidirectional shear flow of a second-order fluid. J. Fluid Mech. 2010, 76:783-799. 10.1017/S002211207600089X, and
63. Chan B. Balmforth N.J. Hosoi A.E. Building a better snail: Lubrication and adhesive locomotion. Phys. Fluids 2005, 17:113101. 10.1063/1.2102927, and
64. Brunn P. The slow motion of a sphere in a second-order fluid. Rheol. Acta 1976, 15:163-171. 10.1007/BF01526063
65. Brunn P. The behavior of a sphere in non-homogeneous flows of a viscoelastic fluid. Rheol. Acta 1976, 15:589-611. 10.1007/BF01524746
66. Leal L.G. The slow motion of slender rod-like particles in a second-order fluid. J. Fluid Mech. 1975, 69:305-337. 10.1017/S0022112075001450
67. Leal L.G. Particle motions in a viscous fluid. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 1980, 12:435-476. 10.1146/annurev.fl.12.010180.002251
68. Phillips R.J. Dynamic simulation of hydrodynamically interacting spheres in a quiescent second-order fluid. J. Fluid Mech. 1996, 315:345-365. 10.1017/S0022112096002455
69. Leal L.G. Advanced Transport Phenomena: Fluid Mechanics and Convective Transport Processes 2007, (Cambridge University Press, New York).
70. Cooley M.B. A. O'Neill M.E. On the slow motion of two spheres in contact along their line of centres through a viscous fluid. Math. Proc. Cambridge Philos. Soc. 1969, 66:407-415. 10.1017/S0305004100045138, and
71. If the drag on the slender rod is taken into account in modeling, the overall force balance should include the small contribution from the drag on the rod, which will slightly decrease the propulsion speed of the snowman.
72. Jeffery G.B. On the steady rotation of a solid of revolution in a viscous fluid. Proc. London Math. Soc. (2) 1915, 14:327-338.
73. Stimson M. Jeffery G.B. The motion of two spheres in a viscous fluid. Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A 1926, 111:110-116. 10.1098/rspa.1926.0053, and
74. Brenner H. The slow motion of a sphere through a viscous fluid towards a plane surface. Chem. Eng. Sci. 1961, 16:242-251. 10.1016/0009-2509(61)80035-3
75. Bishop A.I. Nieminen T.A. Heckenberg N.R. Rubinsztein-Dunlop H. Optical microrheology using rotating laser-trapped particles. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2004, 92:198104. 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.198104, and
76. Friese M.E. J. Nieminen T.A. Heckenberg N.R. Rubinsztein-Dunlop H. Optical alignment and spinning of laser-trapped microscopic particles. Nature (London) 1998, 394:348-350. 10.1038/28566, and
77. Knöner G. Parkin S. Heckenberg N.R. Rubinsztein-Dunlop H. Characterization of optically driven fluid stress fields with optical tweezers. Phys. Rev. E 2005, 72:031507. 10.1103/PhysRevE.72.031507, and
78. Parkin S.J. Knöner G. Nieminen T.A. Heckenberg N.R. Rubinsztein-Dunlop H. Picoliter viscometry using optically rotated particles. Phys. Rev. E 2007, 76:041507. 10.1103/PhysRevE.76.041507, and