메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 16, Issue 4, 2012, Pages 263-283

Using animated agents in learner-controlled training: The effects of design control

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 84868601186     PISSN: 13603736     EISSN: 14682419     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2419.2012.00413.x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (24)

References (57)
  • 1
  • 3
    • 35048897006 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pedagogical Agent Design: The Impact of Agent Realism, Gender, Ethnicity, and Instructional Role
    • J. C. Lester, R. M. Vicari and F. Paraguaçu (eds), New York: Springer
    • Baylor, A. L. and Kim, Y. (2004), 'Pedagogical Agent Design: The Impact of Agent Realism, Gender, Ethnicity, and Instructional Role', in J. C. Lester, R. M. Vicari and F. Paraguaçu (eds), Intelligent Tutoring Systems: 7th International Conference, ITS 2004 (New York: Springer), pp. 592-603.
    • (2004) Intelligent Tutoring Systems: 7th International Conference, ITS 2004 , pp. 592-603
    • Baylor, A.L.1    Kim, Y.2
  • 6
    • 0003200520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Personalization of web services: opportunities and challenges
    • Available at (accessed 15 August 2008)
    • Bonett, M. (2001), 'Personalization of web services: opportunities and challenges', Ariadne, 28. Available at http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue28/personalization (accessed 15 August 2008).
    • (2001) Ariadne , vol.28
    • Bonett, M.1
  • 7
    • 0035595774 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using computers to deliver training: which employees learn and why?
    • Brown, K. G. (2001), 'Using computers to deliver training: which employees learn and why?', Personnel Psychology, 54, 2, 271-296.
    • (2001) Personnel Psychology , vol.54 , Issue.2 , pp. 271-296
    • Brown, K.G.1
  • 8
    • 26444591948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An examination of the structure and nomological network of trainee reactions: a closer look at "smile sheets"
    • Brown, K. G. (2005), 'An examination of the structure and nomological network of trainee reactions: a closer look at "smile sheets"', Journal of Applied Psychology, 90, 5, 991-1001.
    • (2005) Journal of Applied Psychology , vol.90 , Issue.5 , pp. 991-1001
    • Brown, K.G.1
  • 9
    • 33846555678 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive and affective benefits of an animated pedagogical agent for learning English as a second language
    • Choi, S. and Clark, R. E. (2006), 'Cognitive and affective benefits of an animated pedagogical agent for learning English as a second language', Journal of Educational Computing Research, 34, 4, 441-466.
    • (2006) Journal of Educational Computing Research , vol.34 , Issue.4 , pp. 441-466
    • Choi, S.1    Clark, R.E.2
  • 10
    • 14544308394 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Learning effectiveness in a web-based virtual learning environment: a learner control perspective
    • Chou, S. and Liu, C. (2005), 'Learning effectiveness in a web-based virtual learning environment: a learner control perspective', Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 21, 65-76.
    • (2005) Journal of Computer Assisted Learning , vol.21 , pp. 65-76
    • Chou, S.1    Liu, C.2
  • 11
    • 84868584590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CIPD, Who learns at work?', Available at (accessed 1 February 2009)
    • CIPD (2008), 'Who learns at work?', Available at http://www.cipd.co.uk/NR/rdonlyres/1630D350-0454-4A94-94C6-6C1066C5378B/0/who_learns_work.pdf (accessed 1 February 2009).
    • (2008)
  • 13
    • 33748886584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Technology and Workplace Health
    • J. C. Quick and L. E. Tetrick (eds), Washington, DC: American Psychological Association
    • Coovert, M. D. and Thompson, L. F. (2003), 'Technology and Workplace Health', in J. C. Quick and L. E. Tetrick (eds), Handbook of Occupational Health Psychology (Washington, DC: American Psychological Association), pp. 221-241.
    • (2003) Handbook of Occupational Health Psychology , pp. 221-241
    • Coovert, M.D.1    Thompson, L.F.2
  • 14
    • 0035997836 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Animated pedagogical agents in multimedia educational environments: effects of agent properties, picture features and redundancy
    • Craig, S. D., Gholson, B. and Driscoll, D. M. (2002), 'Animated pedagogical agents in multimedia educational environments: effects of agent properties, picture features and redundancy', Journal of Educational Psychology, 94, 2, 428-434.
    • (2002) Journal of Educational Psychology , vol.94 , Issue.2 , pp. 428-434
    • Craig, S.D.1    Gholson, B.2    Driscoll, D.M.3
  • 15
    • 84868590232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intrinsic motivation inventory', Available at (accessed 15 August 2008)
    • Deci, E. L. (2008), 'Intrinsic motivation inventory', Available at http://www.psych.rochester.edu/SDT/measures/intrins_scl.html (accessed 15 August 2008).
    • (2008)
    • Deci, E.L.1
  • 16
    • 46549093061 scopus 로고
    • The general causality orientations scale: self-determination in personality
    • Deci, E. L. and Ryan, R. M. (1985), 'The general causality orientations scale: self-determination in personality', Journal of Research in Personality, 19, 2, 109-134.
    • (1985) Journal of Research in Personality , vol.19 , Issue.2 , pp. 109-134
    • Deci, E.L.1    Ryan, R.M.2
  • 18
    • 4544378859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimizing e-learning: research-based guidelines for learner-controlled training
    • DeRouin, R. E., Fritzsche, B. A. and Salas, E. (2004), 'Optimizing e-learning: research-based guidelines for learner-controlled training', Human Resource Management, 43, 2, 147-162.
    • (2004) Human Resource Management , vol.43 , Issue.2 , pp. 147-162
    • DeRouin, R.E.1    Fritzsche, B.A.2    Salas, E.3
  • 20
  • 22
    • 67549103767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Games, motivation, and learning: a research and practice model
    • Garris, R., Ahlers, R. and Driskell, J. E. (2002), 'Games, motivation, and learning: a research and practice model', Simulation & Gaming, 33, 4, 441-467.
    • (2002) Simulation & Gaming , vol.33 , Issue.4 , pp. 441-467
    • Garris, R.1    Ahlers, R.2    Driskell, J.E.3
  • 23
    • 26444447760 scopus 로고
    • Effects of alternative training methods on self-efficacy and performance in computer software training
    • Gist, M. E., Schwoerer, C. and Rosen, B. (1989), 'Effects of alternative training methods on self-efficacy and performance in computer software training', Journal of Applied Psychology, 74, 884-891.
    • (1989) Journal of Applied Psychology , vol.74 , pp. 884-891
    • Gist, M.E.1    Schwoerer, C.2    Rosen, B.3
  • 24
    • 29144533332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social enrichment by virtual characters - differential benefits
    • Gulz, A. (2005), 'Social enrichment by virtual characters - differential benefits', Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 21, 6, 405-418.
    • (2005) Journal of Computer Assisted Learning , vol.21 , Issue.6 , pp. 405-418
    • Gulz, A.1
  • 25
    • 84985216687 scopus 로고
    • Individual and contextual influences on self-assessed training needs
    • Guthrie, J. P. and Schwoerer, C. E. (1994), 'Individual and contextual influences on self-assessed training needs', Journal of Organizational Behavior, 15, 405-422.
    • (1994) Journal of Organizational Behavior , vol.15 , pp. 405-422
    • Guthrie, J.P.1    Schwoerer, C.E.2
  • 26
    • 0034244943 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consistency of personality in interactive characters: verbal cues, non-verbal cues, and user characteristics
    • Isbister, K. and Nass, C. (2000), 'Consistency of personality in interactive characters: verbal cues, non-verbal cues, and user characteristics', International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 53, 2, 251-267.
    • (2000) International Journal of Human-Computer Studies , vol.53 , Issue.2 , pp. 251-267
    • Isbister, K.1    Nass, C.2
  • 27
    • 84955518653 scopus 로고
    • Job demands, job decision latitude, and mental strain: implications for job redesign
    • Karasek, R. A. (1979), 'Job demands, job decision latitude, and mental strain: implications for job redesign', Administrative Science Quarterly, 24, 285-307.
    • (1979) Administrative Science Quarterly , vol.24 , pp. 285-307
    • Karasek, R.A.1
  • 28
    • 35248882983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • When choice motivates and when it does not
    • Katz, I. and Assor, A. (2007), 'When choice motivates and when it does not', Educational Psychology Review, 19, 4, 429-442.
    • (2007) Educational Psychology Review , vol.19 , Issue.4 , pp. 429-442
    • Katz, I.1    Assor, A.2
  • 30
    • 0010810374 scopus 로고
    • Moral evaluation
    • Kelley, H. H. (1971), 'Moral evaluation', American Psychologist, 26, 3, 293-300.
    • (1971) American Psychologist , vol.26 , Issue.3 , pp. 293-300
    • Kelley, H.H.1
  • 32
    • 34248387342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pedagogical agents as learning companions: the impact of agent emotion and gender
    • Kim, Y., Baylor, A. L. and Shen, E. (2007), 'Pedagogical agents as learning companions: the impact of agent emotion and gender', Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 23, 3, 220-234.
    • (2007) Journal of Computer Assisted Learning , vol.23 , Issue.3 , pp. 220-234
    • Kim, Y.1    Baylor, A.L.2    Shen, E.3
  • 33
    • 50349101039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A Meta-Analytic Investigation of Learner Control: Old Findings and New Directions
    • S. M. Fiore and E. Salas (eds), Washington, DC: American Psychological Association)
    • Kraiger, K. and Jerden, E. (2007), 'A Meta-Analytic Investigation of Learner Control: Old Findings and New Directions', in S. M. Fiore and E. Salas (eds), Toward a Science of Distributed Learning (Washington, DC: American Psychological Association), pp. 65-90.
    • (2007) Toward a Science of Distributed Learning , pp. 65-90
    • Kraiger, K.1    Jerden, E.2
  • 34
    • 21144468422 scopus 로고
    • Application of cognitive, skill-based and affective theories of learning outcomes to new methods of training evaluation
    • Kraiger, K., Ford, J. K. and Salas, E. (1993), 'Application of cognitive, skill-based and affective theories of learning outcomes to new methods of training evaluation', Journal of Applied Psychology, 78, 2, 311-328.
    • (1993) Journal of Applied Psychology , vol.78 , Issue.2 , pp. 311-328
    • Kraiger, K.1    Ford, J.K.2    Salas, E.3
  • 35
    • 84965802283 scopus 로고
    • Timing of feedback and verbal learning
    • Kulik, J. A. and Kulik, C. C. (1988), 'Timing of feedback and verbal learning', Review of Educational Research, 58, 1, 79-97.
    • (1988) Review of Educational Research , vol.58 , Issue.1 , pp. 79-97
    • Kulik, J.A.1    Kulik, C.C.2
  • 37
    • 84868557235 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does the ethnicity of a computer agent matter? An experimental comparison of human-computer interaction and computer-mediated communication', Paper presented at the WECC Conference, Lake Tahoe, CA.
    • Lee, E. and Nass, C. (1998), 'Does the ethnicity of a computer agent matter? An experimental comparison of human-computer interaction and computer-mediated communication', Paper presented at the WECC Conference, Lake Tahoe, CA.
    • (1998)
    • Lee, E.1    Nass, C.2
  • 38
    • 34250198581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The case for caring colearners: the effects of a computer-mediated colearner agent on trust and learning
    • Lee, J. R., Nass, C., Brave, S. B., Morishima, Y., Nakajima, H. and Yamada, R. (2007), 'The case for caring colearners: the effects of a computer-mediated colearner agent on trust and learning', Journal of Communication, 57, 2, 183-204.
    • (2007) Journal of Communication , vol.57 , Issue.2 , pp. 183-204
    • Lee, J.R.1    Nass, C.2    Brave, S.B.3    Morishima, Y.4    Nakajima, H.5    Yamada, R.6
  • 39
    • 33747047913 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are physically embodied social agents better than disembodied social agents?: the effects of physical embodiment, tactile interaction, and people's loneliness in human-robot interaction
    • Lee, K. M., Jung, Y., Kim, J. and Kim, S. R. (2006), 'Are physically embodied social agents better than disembodied social agents?: the effects of physical embodiment, tactile interaction, and people's loneliness in human-robot interaction', International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 64, 10, 962-973.
    • (2006) International Journal of Human-Computer Studies , vol.64 , Issue.10 , pp. 962-973
    • Lee, K.M.1    Jung, Y.2    Kim, J.3    Kim, S.R.4
  • 40
    • 0030688075 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increasing Believability in Animated Pedagogical Agents' in Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Autonomous Agents, Marina del Rey, CA
    • Lester, J. and Stone, B. (1997), 'Increasing Believability in Animated Pedagogical Agents' in Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Autonomous Agents, Marina del Rey, CA, pp. 16-21.
    • (1997) , pp. 16-21
    • Lester, J.1    Stone, B.2
  • 41
    • 0001861667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Animated Pedagogical Agents and Problem-solving Effectiveness: A Large-scale Empirical Evaluation' in Proceedings of the Eighth World Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education
    • Lester, J., Converse, S., Stone, B., Kahler, S. and Barlow, T. (1997), 'Animated Pedagogical Agents and Problem-solving Effectiveness: A Large-scale Empirical Evaluation' in Proceedings of the Eighth World Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education, pp. 23-30.
    • (1997) , pp. 23-30
    • Lester, J.1    Converse, S.2    Stone, B.3    Kahler, S.4    Barlow, T.5
  • 43
    • 84868565895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Microsoft Corp, Excel 2007 online training', Available at (accessed 1 December 2008)
    • Microsoft Corp. (2008), 'Excel 2007 online training', Available at http://office.microsoft.com/en-us/training/CR100479681033.aspx (accessed 1 December 2008).
    • (2008)
  • 44
    • 0001797324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Principles of Self-Regulation: The Nature of Willpower and Self-Control
    • E. T. Higgins and A. W. Kruglanski (eds), New York: Guilford Press)
    • Mischel, W., Cantor, N. and Feldman, S. (1996), 'Principles of Self-Regulation: The Nature of Willpower and Self-Control', in E. T. Higgins and A. W. Kruglanski (eds), Social Psychology: Basic Principles (New York: Guilford Press), pp. 329-360.
    • (1996) Social Psychology: Basic Principles , pp. 329-360
    • Mischel, W.1    Cantor, N.2    Feldman, S.3
  • 45
    • 33645034463 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Students' choice of animated pedagogical agents in science learning: a test of the similarity-attraction hypothesis on gender and ethnicity
    • Moreno, R. and Flowerday, T. (2006), 'Students' choice of animated pedagogical agents in science learning: a test of the similarity-attraction hypothesis on gender and ethnicity', Contemporary Educational Psychology, 31, 2, 186-207.
    • (2006) Contemporary Educational Psychology , vol.31 , Issue.2 , pp. 186-207
    • Moreno, R.1    Flowerday, T.2
  • 46
    • 85006544659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does computer-synthesized speech manifest personality? Experimental tests of recognition, similarity-attraction, and consistency-attraction
    • Nass, C. and Lee, K. M. (2001), 'Does computer-synthesized speech manifest personality? Experimental tests of recognition, similarity-attraction, and consistency-attraction', Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 7, 3, 171-181.
    • (2001) Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied , vol.7 , Issue.3 , pp. 171-181
    • Nass, C.1    Lee, K.M.2
  • 48
    • 38249022471 scopus 로고
    • Delayed retention effect: attention, perseveration, or both?
    • Phye, G. D. and Andre, T. (1989), 'Delayed retention effect: attention, perseveration, or both?', Contemporary Educational Psychology, 14, 2, 173-185.
    • (1989) Contemporary Educational Psychology , vol.14 , Issue.2 , pp. 173-185
    • Phye, G.D.1    Andre, T.2
  • 49
    • 34347220871 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Looking at human-computer interface design: effects of ethnicity in computer agents
    • Pratt, J. A., Hauser, K., Ugray, Z. and Patterson, O. (2007), 'Looking at human-computer interface design: effects of ethnicity in computer agents', Interacting With Computers, 19, 4, 512-523.
    • (2007) Interacting With Computers , vol.19 , Issue.4 , pp. 512-523
    • Pratt, J.A.1    Hauser, K.2    Ugray, Z.3    Patterson, O.4
  • 50
    • 85043751872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being
    • Ryan, R. M. and Deci, E. L. (2000), 'Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being', American Psychologist, 55, 1, 68-78.
    • (2000) American Psychologist , vol.55 , Issue.1 , pp. 68-78
    • Ryan, R.M.1    Deci, E.L.2
  • 51
    • 33750722395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-regulation and the problem of human autonomy: does psychology need choice, self-determination, and will?
    • Ryan, R. M. and Deci, E. L. (2006), 'Self-regulation and the problem of human autonomy: does psychology need choice, self-determination, and will?', Journal of Personality, 74, 6, 1557-1586.
    • (2006) Journal of Personality , vol.74 , Issue.6 , pp. 1557-1586
    • Ryan, R.M.1    Deci, E.L.2
  • 54
    • 17044399702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • You can't always get what you want: educational attainment, agency, and choice
    • Snibbe, A. C. and Markus, H. R. (2005), 'You can't always get what you want: educational attainment, agency, and choice', Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 88, 4, 703-720.
    • (2005) Journal of Personality & Social Psychology , vol.88 , Issue.4 , pp. 703-720
    • Snibbe, A.C.1    Markus, H.R.2
  • 55
    • 69949107932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Monitoring online training behaviors: the awareness of electronic surveillance hinders e-learners
    • Thompson, L. F., Sebastianelli, J. D. and Murray, N. P. (2009), 'Monitoring online training behaviors: the awareness of electronic surveillance hinders e-learners', Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 39, 2191-2212.
    • (2009) Journal of Applied Social Psychology , vol.39 , pp. 2191-2212
    • Thompson, L.F.1    Sebastianelli, J.D.2    Murray, N.P.3
  • 56
    • 0036821910 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exploring the nature of control and its role in the appraisal of workplace stress
    • Troup, C. and Dewe, P. (2002), 'Exploring the nature of control and its role in the appraisal of workplace stress', Work & Stress, 16, 4, 335-355.
    • (2002) Work & Stress , vol.16 , Issue.4 , pp. 335-355
    • Troup, C.1    Dewe, P.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.